| 词条 | James K. Watkins |
| 释义 |
|name = James K. Watkins |image = James K. Watkins.jpg |image_size = 180 |caption = James K. Watkins, 1907 |birth_name = |birth_date = {{Birth date|1887|5|24}} |birth_place = Michigan |death_date = February 1970 (aged 82) |death_place = Grosse Pointe, Michigan |body_discovered = |death_cause = |resting_place = |resting_place_coordinates = |residence = |nationality = |ethnicity = |citizenship = United States |other_names = |known_for = Attorney, Police Commissioner |alma_mater = University of Michigan |employer = |occupation = |years_active = |home_town = |title = |salary = |networth = |height = |weight = |term = |predecessor = |successor = |party = |opponents = |boards = |religion = |spouse = |partner = |children = |parents = |relations = |callsign = |signature = |website = |footnotes = }}James Keir Watkins (May 24, 1887 – February 1970) was an American attorney and police commissioner. He played college football for the University of Michigan from 1905 to 1909. He later became a leading attorney in Detroit and served as commissioner of the Detroit Police Department in the early 1930s. He also organized the Detroit branch of "The Volunteers" in 1936 "to save their country from a perpetuation of the New Deal."[1] Early yearsWatkins was born in 1887. He was the son of the Rev. Amos Watkins of the Trinity Episcopal Church in Bay City, Michigan. He attended Ann Arbor High School and next enrolled at the University of Michigan. He played at the tackle, fullback and center positions for the Michigan Wolverines football team from 1905 to 1909. He won a Rhodes Scholarship to study at the University of Oxford in 1909.[1] Watkins later received a law degree from Detroit College of Law and began practicing law in Detroit. He also regularly returned to Ann Arbor to serve as an assistant coach to the football team under head coach Fielding H. Yost.[2] During World War I, he served in the U.S. Army and attended the first training camp at Fort Sheridan. After the war, he became "one of Detroit's most respected attorneys."[3] Detroit Police CommissionerIn January 1931, Detroit Mayor Frank Murphy appointed Watkins as the commissioner of police.[4] Watkins had never held public office.[5] He knew nothing about police work, but reportedly brought "character, courage, and good judgment" to the job.[6] The Journal of the American Judicature Society wrote that Watkins developed a police force "unequaled in any other large city."[7] Shortly after his appointment, the federal government took over two established Detroit banks, the Guardian National Bank of Commerce and the First National Bank, and established a new National Bank of Detroit. On the night after the creation of the new bank, Watkins went on the radio "to accuse the government of having 'played into the hand of the Wall Streeters.'"[8] After Watkins radio talk, over 10,000 telegrams were sent to Washington.[8] Watkins tenure as police commissioner was a time of street protests and labor unrest. In November 1931, the Communist candidate for mayor and the Unemployed Councils conducted a large demonstration in downtown Detroit. When police used clubs and tear gas to move the demonstrators away from City Hall, Watkins came under criticism.[9] Watkins again was the subject of press attention after he sent a contingent of Detroit police officers to support the Dearborn police during the March 1932 Ford Hunger March, in which four workers were shot to death. Watkins explained that, upon learning that a riot was taking place, he dispatched his officers to the scene, but noted that the trouble was "pretty much over" by the time the Detroit officers arrived.[10] Later yearsIn September 1936, Watkins, by then the former police commissioner, organized a Detroit unit of an organization called The Volunteers "to provide citizens of Michigan with an opportunity to save their country from a perpetuation of the New Deal."[11] Watkins organization received support from Senator Arthur Vandenberg. Watkins explained, "Any one interested in the Landon-Knox movement, no matter what his party affiliations, but who is an American citizen who wants to see the American form of constitutional government continued is invited to join The Volunteers."[11] Watkins also served as president of the Detroit community fund, a coordinating agency for the city's charities, which raised $2 million per year.[11] References1. ^{{cite news|title=Watkins, Michigan Football Man, Makes Athletics and Studies Mix, Winning a Rhoades Scholarship|newspaper=Detroit Free Press|date=March 6, 2008}} 2. ^{{cite news|title=Snow Again Interferes With Work: Yost Fears Injuries From Allowing His Regulars to Take Any Chances in Slippery Going; Jimmy Watkins Arrives to Help in Preparation|newspaper=Detroit Free Press|date=November 16, 1916}}("'Jim' Watkins, former Michigan gridder, has joined 'Tommy' Hughitt in the annual squad of coaches and these two former members of Yost's football teams will doubtless be seconded by others before the end of the week. Each year the old boys come back to assist in brushing up the eleven for its first game and their assistances is generally a big inspiration to the men.") 3. ^Fine, p. 229. 4. ^{{cite news|title=Police Head Ousted|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=January 11, 1931}} 5. ^Fine, pp. 228–229. 6. ^Fine, p. 389. 7. ^Fine, p. 391. 8. ^1 The Independent Man, p. 252. {{clarify|please complete ref|date=December 2010}} 9. ^Fine, p. 401. 10. ^Fine, p. 407. 11. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|title=The Volunteers Form a Detroit Campaign Unit: Built on Chicago Pattern with No Party Ties|newspaper=Chicago Daily Tribune|date=September 23, 1936}} Bibliography
11 : 1887 births|1970 deaths|Michigan Wolverines football players|American police chiefs|Michigan lawyers|American military personnel of World War I|Michigan State University alumni|People from Bay City, Michigan|Lawyers from Detroit|Players of American football from Michigan|Detroit Police Department chiefs |
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