James Putnam may refer to:

• James Putnam (judge) (1725–1789), Attorney General in Massachusetts; judge and politician in New Brunswick
• James Putnam (politician) (1756–1838), politician in Nova Scotia
• James Jackson Putnam (1846–1918), American neurologist
• James O. Putnam (1818–1903), New York politician
• James Putnam (curator), independent curator of art and historical exhibitions
• James E. Putnam (born 1940), American politician in the state of South Dakota

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