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词条 James Robertson (judge)
释义

  1. Education and career

  2. Federal judicial service

     Notable rulings 

  3. References

  4. External links

{{Short description|American judge}}{{Other people|James Robertson}}{{Infobox judge
| honorific-prefix =
| name = James Robertson
| honorific-suffix =
| image = Judge Robertson.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| office = Senior Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia
| term_start = December 31, 2008
| term_end = June 1, 2010
| office1 = Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia
| term_start1 = October 11, 1994
| term_end1 = December 31, 2008
| nominator1 =
| appointer1 = Bill Clinton
| predecessor1 = George Hughes Revercomb
| successor1 = Robert L. Wilkins
| pronunciation =
| birth_name = James Robertson
| birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1938}}
| birth_place = Cleveland, Ohio
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| education = Princeton University (B.A.)
George Washington University Law School (LL.B.)
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}}James Robertson (born 1938) is a former United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia until his retirement in June 2010. He served on the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court from 2002 until he resigned in protest in December, 2005, later testifying that that court "has turned into something like an administrative agency."[1]

Education and career

Born in Cleveland, Ohio, Robertson graduated from Western Reserve Academy in Hudson, Ohio, and received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Princeton University in 1959. He served in the United States Navy from 1959 to 1964, achieving the rank of Lieutenant. He then received a Bachelor of Laws from George Washington University Law School in 1965, and was in private practice in Washington, D.C. from 1965 to 1969, with the law firm of Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering. From 1969 to 1972, Robertson served with the Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, as chief counsel of the Committee’s litigation offices in Jackson, Mississippi, and as director in Washington, D.C. Robertson then returned to private practice with Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering, where he practiced until his appointment to the federal bench. While in private practice, he served as president of the District of Columbia Bar, co-chair of the Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, and president of Southern Africa Legal Services and Legal Education Project, Inc.[2]

Federal judicial service

On September 14, 1994, Robertson was nominated by President Bill Clinton to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of Columbia vacated by George Hughes Revercomb. Robertson was confirmed by the United States Senate on October 7, 1994, and received his commission on October 11, 1994. After serving for 14 years, he assumed senior status on the District Court on December 31, 2008 and retired on June 1, 2010.[3]

Chief Justice William Rehnquist placed Robertson on the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court on May 19, 2002. On December 20, 2005, Judge Robertson resigned from the FISA court, sending a letter to Chief Justice John G. Roberts announcing his resignation with no explanation.[4][5] His resignation was interpreted as a mute protest against the NSA warrantless surveillance (2001–07) that had occurred outside the FISA statute, a supposition that was confirmed in 2013 by his statement after testifying to the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board that he had "resigned in protest because the Bush administration was bypassing the court on warrantless wiretaps."[1][4]

Notable rulings

  • [https://www.aclu.org/pdfs/lgbt/schroer_decision.pdf Schroer v. Library of Congress] - Is gender transition covered under sex discrimination protection? Quote from conclusion: "In refusing to hire Diane Schroer because her appearance and background did not comport with the decisionmaker’s sex stereotypes about how men and women should act and appear, and in response to Schroer's decision to transition, legally, culturally, and physically, from male to female, the Library of Congress violated Title VII's prohibition on sex discrimination."
  • Hamdan v. Rumsfeld - Military trials of Guantanamo Bay detainment camp prisoners [6]
  • U.S. v. Webster Hubbell - (1) Whether the 5th Amendment privilege against self-incrimination protects information previously recorded in voluntarily created documents that a defendant delivers to the government pursuant to an immunized act of production, and (2) whether a defendant's act producing ordinary business records constitutes a compelled testimonial communication solely because the government cannot identify the documents with reasonable particularity before they are produced? Upheld by the Supreme Court by a vote of 8-1.
  • American Council of the Blind v. John W. Snow, Secretary of the Treasury et al. - The U.S. Treasury Department’s failure to design, produce and issue paper currency that is readily distinguishable to blind and visually impaired people violates federal law, since paper money effectively precludes them from meaningful access to U.S. currency. "Of the more than 180 countries that issue paper currency, only the United States prints bills that are identical in size and color in all their denominations," Robertson wrote.
  • Civil Action 08-2254 (JR) - Case to potentially invalidate the candidacy of Barack Obama II due to the Issue of Nationalization and Citizenship. The case was dismissed, deemed frivolous, and all other forward cases were deemed frivolous due to a prior ruling.
  • Burnett v. Al Baraka Inv. and Development Corp. - In mid-August 2002, the families of more than 600 victims of the September 11 attacks filed a suit for approximately $1 trillion against three members of the Saudi royal family, a number of financial institutions and individuals, and the government of Sudan. The suit, which the Saudi media have described as an attempt to extort Saudi deposits in the United States, alleges that the defendants enabled the September 11 attacks to occur by making financial resources available to the perpetrators. On November 14, 2003, however, Judge James Robertson of the U.S. District Court of the District of Columbia ruled that two of the leading defendants, Defense Minister Prince Sultan and former Director of Intelligence Prince Turki, were entitled to foreign sovereign immunity for their official acts.[7]

References

1. ^1 {{cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/federal_government/newly-active-civil-liberties-oversight-board-hears-testimony-on-nsa-surveillance/2013/07/09/c0fb19a0-e867-11e2-818e-aa29e855f3ab_story.html | title=Former judge says secret FISA court is independent but ‘needs an adversary’ | date=July 9, 2013 | publisher=Washington Post | accessdate=July 9, 2013}}
2. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.dcd.uscourts.gov/robertson-bio.html | publisher=United States District Court |title=Judge James Robertson, U.S. District Court, Washington DC | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100609024955/http://www.dcd.uscourts.gov/robertson-bio.html | archivedate=June 9, 2010 | accessdate=July 4, 2013}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.fjc.gov/history/judges/robertson-james|title=Robertson, James - Federal Judicial Center|publisher=}}
4. ^1 {{cite news |last=Leonnig |first= Carol D.|authorlink=Carol D. Leonnig|first2= Dafna|last2= Linzer |title= Spy Court Judge Quits In Protest | work=Washington Post |date= December 21, 2005 |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/12/20/AR2005122000685.html | archiveurl=http://www.covenantnews.com/newswire/archives/017027.html | archivedate=December 21, 2005 | accessdate=July 4, 2013}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lewrockwell.com/2006/01/richard-cummings/the-judge-who-listened-to-aquinas/ | title=Homage To Jimbo | author=Richard Cummings | date=January 6, 2006 | website=Lew Rockwell.Com | accessdate=July 4, 2013}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/gazette/2004/11/ruling-on-lawfulness-of-guantanamo.php|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100604113212/http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/gazette/2004/11/ruling-on-lawfulness-of-guantanamo.php|archivedate=June 4, 2010|title=Ruling on lawfulness of Guantanamo proceedings [US DC] November 08, 2004 (summary)|publisher=}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20050601032638/http://www.dcd.uscourts.gov/04-1519.pdf Full text PDF file]
7. ^{{cite web|last1=Prados|first1=Alfred B.|last2=Blanchard|first2=Christopher M.|title=Saudi Arabia: Terrorist Financing Issues|url=https://www.everycrsreport.com/files/20041004_RL32499_b4b0882c956ab9b9393b9be3af0e269e271ad6bd.pdf|publisher=Congressional Research Service|accessdate=March 13, 2018|date=October 4, 2004}} {{PD-notice}}

External links

  • [https://www.fjc.gov/history/judges/robertson-james Federal Judicial Center biography]
{{s-start}}{{s-legal}}{{s-bef|before=George Hughes Revercomb}}{{s-ttl|title={{nowrap|Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia}}|years=1994–2008}}{{s-aft|after=Robert L. Wilkins}}{{s-end}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Robertson, James}}

11 : 1938 births|Living people|Princeton University alumni|George Washington University Law School alumni|Judges of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia|United States district court judges appointed by Bill Clinton|Judges presiding over Guantanamo habeas petitions|Lawyers from Cleveland|Judges of the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court|Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr people|Western Reserve Academy alumni
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