| 词条 | James Talbot (priest) |
| 释义 |
| type = bishop | honorific-prefix = The Right Reverend | name = James Robert Talbot | honorific-suffix = | title = Vicar Apostolic of the London District | image = | imagesize = | alt = | caption = | appointed = 10 March 1759 (Coadjutor) | term_start = 12 January 1781 | term_end = 26 January 1790 | predecessor = Richard Challoner | successor = John Douglass | other_post = Titular Bishop of Birtha | ordination = 19 December 1750 | ordinated_by = | consecration = 24 August 1759 | consecrated_by = Richard Challoner | birth_name = James Robert Talbot | birth_date = {{birth date|1726|06|28|df=yes}} | birth_place = Isleworth, Middlesex | death_date = {{death date and age|1790|01|26|1726|06|28|df=yes}} | death_place = Hammersmith, Middlesex | buried = | nationality = English | religion = Roman Catholic | residence = | parents = George Talbot and Mary FitzWilliam | spouse = | children = | occupation = | profession = | previous_post = | alma_mater = English College, Douai | motto = | signature = | signature_alt = | coat_of_arms = | coat_of_arms_alt = | other = }} James Robert Talbot (1726–1790) was the last English Roman Catholic priest to be indicted in the public courts for saying Mass. LifeEarly lifeHe was born at Shrewsbury House in Isleworth, Middlesex on 28 June 1726, the fourth son of the Honourable George Talbot and Mary FitzWilliam. James' eldest brother George succeeded his uncle as the 14th Earl of Shrewsbury[1] in 1743, and his younger brother Thomas became Vicar Apostolic of the Midland District in 1778. After his baptism, he was confirmed by Bishop Bonaventure Giffard according to the custom of the time.[2] James was educated at Twyford School, then the English College, Douai.[3] After his course in Philosophy, he and his brother Thomas Talbot made the grand tour under the tutelage of Alban Butler. They returned to Douai after over a year in 1748, and took up the course in Theology. James Talbot was ordained to the priesthood on 19 December 1750. He was then made a professor Philosophy, and two years later, Theology.[2] in 1753, the presented the school with a country house at Equerchin, which became a school for younger students. Talbot returned to England in 1755. At the age of thirty-three, he was appointed the Coadjutor bishop to Dr Richard Challoner, on 10 March 1759. On the same day, Talbot was appointed Titular Bishop of Birtha, and consecrated to the Episcopate by Bishop Challoner in Hammersmith on 24 August 1759. During his episcopate he was twice brought to trial, on the information lodged by the well-known informer William Payne, in 1769 and 1771 respectively. In each case he was acquitted for lack of evidence, but the judge, Lord Mansfield, was seen as being on Talbot's side, in consequence of which, although he was no friend to Roman Catholics in general, his London house was sacked during the Gordon Riots of 1780.[1] Apostolic VicarOn the death of Bishop Challoner in 1781, Talbot became Vicar Apostolic of the London District, which he ruled for nine years. There were seven chapels in London, and being illegal, four were located in foreign embassies: Portuguese, Neapolitan, Bavaria, and Sardinia. A fifth chapel in Moorfields was designated a "warehouse". Moorfields was the site of some of the most violent rioting during the Gordon Riots. Bishop Talbot rebuilt the damaged and destroyed chapels with charitable contributions from Spain.[2] The London district included ten counties, besides the Channel Islands and the British possessions in America—chiefly Maryland and Pennsylvania and some West Indian islands. The closest bishop was in Quebec. In 1783, Talbot refused to grant faculties to preach and hear confessions to two priests returning to America, claiming he no longer had jurisdiction.[4] On 9 June 1784, Carroll was appointed and confirmed by Pope Pius VI as provisional "Superior of the Missions in the thirteen United States of North America", with faculties to celebrate the sacrament of Confirmation.[5] He lived a retired life in Hammersmith, his charitable nature gaining for him the title of "the Good Bishop Talbot". His chief work during these years was the completion of the purchase of the property at Old Hall, Hertfordshire, where he had a preparatory academy which afterwards developed into St Edmund's College.[6] The penal laws against Roman Catholic schools still existed, and Talbot was again threatened with imprisonment; but he contrived to evade punishment. During the last years of his life the Catholic Committee was already threatening trouble. In order to control it, Bishop Talbot allowed himself to be elected a member; but it was soon evident that the laymen were beyond the control of the hierarchy. The crisis however had not yet arrived when in 1790 Talbot died at his house at Hammersmith.[1] Bishop Talbot was buried in the cemetery of the parish church in Hammersmith. In 1901 his body was moved Mortuary Lane at Old Hall, which leads to the St. Edmund's College Chapel.[6] LegacyOne of the houses at St. Edmund's College is named in honor of James Talbot.[6] References1. ^1 2 Ward, Bernard. "James Talbot." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 14. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 16 Feb. 2018 {{catholic|title=James Talbot}}2. ^1 2 [https://books.google.com/books?id=nh3ZAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA357&lpg=PA357&dq=Charles+Plowden&source=bl&ots=KHdrm1iecQ&sig=Ie-83Aag-mtcQSI-XFyxvfujAp0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjojovzpunfAhXKxVkKHRh_Aoo4FBDoATAHegQIAxAB#v=onepage&q=Charles%20Plowden&f=false Ward, Bernard. The Dawn of the Catholic Revival in England, 1781-1803, Vol. 1, Longmans, Green, 1909, p. 19] 3. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=JEU7AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA180&dq=James+Talbot+(priest)+1726&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi4t_Hf3avZAhUOJt8KHaodDrc4MhDoAQhHMAY#v=onepage&q=James%20Talbot%20(priest)%201726&f=false MacKinlay, O.S.B., James Boniface. "The City of Our Martyrs", The Dublin Review, Vol. 94, W. Spooner., 1884, p. 180] 4. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=La5qFU947j4C&pg=PA18&lpg=PA18&dq=Francis+Neale&source=bl&ots=XBPBenJnlQ&sig=ACfU3U2YjsKUPRqnUWksVoMriDTOby5qjA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiK-8S15vPfAhXDnOAKHYr2BjM4ChDoATAAegQICRAB#v=onepage&q=Francis%20Neale&f=false Warner, William.At peace with all their Neighbors: Catholics and Catholicism in the National Capital 1787–1860, Georgetown University Press, 1994 p. 9]{{ISBN|9781589012431}} 5. ^"Archbishop John Carroll", The Baltimore Basilica 6. ^1 2 [https://www.stedmundscollege.org/senior/house-system/talbot/ "Talbot", St. Edmund's College] Sources
10 : 1726 births|1790 deaths|18th-century Roman Catholic bishops|Apostolic vicars of England and Wales|English College, Douai alumni|18th-century English Roman Catholic priests|History of Catholicism in England|People from Isleworth|People educated at Twyford School|Talbot family |
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