| 词条 | James Wilson Robertson |
| 释义 |
|honorific-prefix = |name=Sir James Wilson Robertson |honorific-suffix = {{postnominals|size=100%|country=GBR|KT|GCMG|GCVO|KBE|KStJ}} |image= |order=2nd Governor-General of Nigeria |term_start=15 June 1955 |term_end=16 November 1960 |predecessor=Sir John Stuart Macpherson |successor=Nnamdi Azikiwe |birth_date=27 October 1899 |birth_place=Broughty Ferry, Dundee, Scotland United Kingdom |death_date=23 September 1983 (age 83) |death_place=United Kingdom |spouse= |party= |religion= }} Sir James Wilson Robertson {{postnominals|country=GBR|KT|GCMG|GCVO|KBE|KStJ}} (27 October 1899 – 23 September 1983) was the last British Governor-General of Nigeria. He was educated at Merchiston Castle School in Edinburgh and Balliol College, Oxford. After Oxford he joined the Sudan Political Service from 1922 to 1953, serving appointments in Blue Nile, White Nile, Fung and Kordofan provinces and was the Civil Secretary from 1945 to 1953. He was then sent to British Guiana in January 1954 by Oliver Lyttelton, the then Secretary of State for the Colonies to write the Robertson Commission Report to investigate the current crisis in the country due to the election of the People's Progressive Party, who were seen as too friendly with communist organisations which had led to the suspension of the constitution.[1][2][3] He was then sent to Nigeria as a result of his good work. He was Governor-General of Nigeria from 15 June 1955 to 16 November 1960 (representing Queen Elizabeth as Head of State from 1 October 1960 to 16 November 1960).[4] He served a Commission in the British Army with the Gordon Highlanders and the Black Watch. He received an honorary Doctor of Laws degree (LL.D.) from the University of Leeds in 1961.[5] FamilyHis brother was Ian Robertson, Lord Robertson, whose daughter Sally married Nick Kuenssberg, OBE,[6][7].[8] His great niece Laura Kuenssberg is a BBC journalist WritingsAuthor of a memoir, Transition in Africa: From Direct Rule to Independence, published by Hurst, London, in 1974, Robertson reflects on his nearly-40 years in Africa. This engaging narrative provides detail on both his administrative life and personal observations. In a final chapter, "Reflections", he sought to confront and account for the swift collapse and disintegration of so much of what he and his fellow British servants of the Empire had with such hard work constructed not only in the Sudan and Nigeria, but indeed in all of Britain's former colonial African territories. Commenting on foreign concern about post-Independence difficulties, he observed: "Americans have asked me: 'Why did you leave so soon, before the colonial territories were ready to rule themselves?' And when I have answered, 'Partly, I am sure, because of your pressure on us to go,' [they] have answered that they did not know then what they know now, and that we should have resisted their pressure." (p. 253) Robertson made a notable contribution to a 1978 Oxford Symposium, Transfer of Power: the Colonial Administrator in the Age of De-colonisation, edited by A. H. M. Kirk-Greene (published, in 1979, by the Inter-Faculty Committee for African Studies, Oxford University). See particularly his "The Governor as the Man in the Middle," (pp. 38–43); and "Summary of Discussion," (pp. 50–59). The Last of the Proconsuls: Letters of Sir James Robertson, edited by Graham F. Thomas, was published in 1994. It is a collection of letters Robertson sent to Thomas over 40 years mainly about the problems towards the end of the British Empire as seen by one of the greatest figures in imperial government.[6] Styles
Notes and references1. ^theyworkforyou.com [https://www.theyworkforyou.com/debates/?id=1954-11-02a.212.2 British Guiana Constitution (Report)] {{s-start}}{{s-gov}}{{succession box | title=Governor-General of Nigeria | before=Sir John Stuart Macpherson | after=Nnamdi Azikiwe | years=1955–1960}}{{s-end}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Robertson, James Wilson}}2. ^guyana.org Robertson Report 3. ^guyana.org The Suspension of the British Guiana Constitution 4. ^Worldstatesman.org Nigeria 5. ^University of Leeds List of Honorary Graduates: James Wilson Robertson 1961 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090810083230/http://tldynamic.leeds.ac.uk/leedsyorkshire/honorary/honorary_graduates_1960.asp |date=10 August 2009 }} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.debretts.com/people/biographies/browse/k/7239/Nicholas%20%28Nick%29+KUENSSBERG.aspx|title=Nick Kuenssberg|publisher=Debretts|accessdate=20 May 2010}} 7. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.scotsman.com/business/management/business-interview-nick-kuenssberg-1-2819213 |title=Business interview: Nick Kuenssberg |author=Kristy Dorsey |newspaper=The Scotsman |date=4 March 2013 |accessdate=23 January 2016}} 8. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/special_report/1999/12/99/new_years_honours/584140.stm|title=Sally Kuenssberg, CBE|publisher=BBC Scotland|date=31 December 1999|accessdate=20 May 2010}} 9. ^The London Gazette, 3 June 1931 10. ^[pg 1886, Who's Who, 1982] 11. ^The London Gazette, 1 January 1948 12. ^The London Gazette, 1 June 1953 13. ^The London Gazette, 13 June 1957 9 : Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire|Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George|Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order|Knights of the Thistle|Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford|People educated at Merchiston Castle School|1899 births|1983 deaths|British Governors and Governors-General of Nigeria |
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