| 词条 | Jane C. Loudon |
| 释义 |
| name = Jane Wells Webb Loudon | nickname = | image = Jane Loudon crop.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1807|08|19|df=y}} | birth_place = Birmingham, United Kingdom | death_date = {{Death date and age|1858|07|13|1807|08|19|df=y}} | death_place = London, England | occupation = Author | genre = {{Flatlist|
}} | nationality = British | movement = {{Flatlist|
}} | notableworks = {{Plainlist|
}} |spouse = John Claudius Loudon }}Jane Wells Webb Loudon (19 August 1807 – 13 July 1858) was an English author and early pioneer of science fiction. She wrote before the term was invented, and was discussed for a century as a writer of Gothic fiction, fantasy or horror. She also created the first popular gardening manuals, as opposed to specialist horticultural works, reframing the art of gardening as fit for young women.[1] Early lifeJane Webb was born in 1807 to Thomas Webb, Esq., a wealthy manufacturer from Edgbaston, Birmingham and his wife. (Sources vary on her place of birth: according to the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (ODNB), she was born at Ritwell House — possibly the same as Kitwell House—at Bartley Green.) After the death of her mother in 1819, she travelled Europe for a year with her father, learning several languages. On their return his business faltered, and as a consequence of over speculation, his fortune was lost. He sold the house in Edgbaston and they moved to another of his properties, Kitwell House at Bartley Green, 6 miles away. He died penniless in 1824, when Jane Webb was only 17.[1][2][3] The Mummy!{{main|The Mummy!}}After her father's death, she found that:[4] {{quote|on the winding up of his affairs that it would be necessary to do something for my support. I had written a strange, wild novel, called the Mummy, in which I had laid the scene in the twenty-second century, and attempted to predict the state of improvement to which this country might possibly arrive.}}She may have drawn inspiration from the general fashion for anything Pharaonic, inspired by the French researches during the Napoleonic invasion of Egypt; the 1821 public unwrappings of Egyptian mummies in a theatre near Piccadilly, which she may have attended as a girl, and very likely, the 1818 novel by Mary Shelley, Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus.[2] As Shelley had written of Frankenstein's creation, "A mummy again endued with animation could not be so hideous as that wretch," which may have triggered young Miss Webb's later concept. In any case, at many points she deals in greater clarity with elements from the earlier book: the loathing for the much-desired object, the immediate arrest for crime and attempt to lie one's way out of it, etc.[2] However, unlike the Frankenstein monster, the hideous revived Cheops is not shuffling around dealing out horror and death, but giving canny advice on politics and life to those who befriend him.[2] In some ways The Mummy! may be seen as her reaction to themes in Frankenstein: her mummy specifically says he is allowed life only by divine favour, rather than being indisputably vivified only by mortal science, and so on, as Hopkins' 2003 essay covers in detail.[2] Unlike many early science fiction works (Shelley's The Last Man, and The Reign of King George VI, 1900-1925, written anonymously in 1763[5][6]), Loudon did not portray the future as her own day with only political changes. She filled her world with foreseeable changes in technology, society, and even fashion. Her court ladies wear trousers and hair ornaments of controlled flame. Surgeons and lawyers may be steam-powered automatons. A kind of Internet is predicted in it. Besides trying to account for the revivification of the mummy in scientific terms — galvanic shock rather than incantations – "she embodied ideas of scientific progress and discovery, that now read like prophecies"[12] to those later down the 1800s. Her social attitudes have resulted in this book being ranked among feminist novels. Or a Tale of the Twenty-Second Century was published anonymously in 1827 by Henry Colburn as a three-volume novel, as was usual in that day so that each small volume could be easily carried around. It drew many favourable reviews, including one in 1829 in The Gardener's Magazine on the inventions proposed in it.[7][14]Marriage{{quote|Among other foreshadowings of things that were to be, was a steam plough, and this attracted the attention of Mr. John C. Loudon, whose numerous and valuable works on gardening, agriculture, etc., are so well known, led to an acquaintance, which terminated in a matrimonial connection.[8]}}John Claudius Loudon wrote a favourable review of The Mummy in a journal he edited. Seeking out the author of the text, whom he presumed to be male, he eventually met Jane in 1830 and they married a year later.[9]In 1832, they had a daughter, Agnes Loudon, who became an author of children's books. Their circle of friends included Charles Dickens and William Makepeace Thackeray. Horticultural workThe Loudons were considered the leading horticulturalists of their day. In 1829, Loudon published the semi-fictional Stories of a Bride, her second and last foray in fiction. Instead, she shifted her focus to making gardening an acceptable hobby for young women. She found the gardening manuals of the day inaccessible, as they were written for those already deeply into the field, rather than those seeking new information. Loudon noticed there were no entry-level manuals, for which she saw a need and potential interest. She set to writing them as she herself learned: Instructions in Gardening for Ladies; The Ladies' Flower Garden; The Ladies' Companion to the Flower Garden; Botany for Ladies; The Lady's Magazine of Gardening, etc. According to Adams, these became "standard books of reference, and attained a large circulation."{{citation needed|date=March 2014}} She was not only influenced by her husband in gardening, but by John Lindley, whose lectures she attended; she ardently applied her studies and redirected her energy to making gardening an accessible pastime for women, who were often excluded from planting practices. Later lifeIn 1843, John Loudon died of lung cancer, leaving Jane with a 10-year-old daughter, Agnes. In addition to earning her living by writing, Loudon received "a pension of a hundred pounds per annum, from the Civil List, which she has deservedly gained."[8] In late 1849, Loudon was editing The Ladies’ Companion at Home and Abroad, a new magazine for women. Although highly successful in the beginning, book sales declined and she resigned as editor. Loudon died in 1858 at fifty-one years of age.[10] Works{{Library resources box|by=yes|onlinebooksby=yes|viaf=89021272}}
Notes1. ^1 "Profile of Jane Loudon", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. (Oxforddnb.com), Retrieved on 5 April 2012. 2. ^1 2 3 4 Lisa Hopkins, "Jane C. Loudon’s The Mummy!: Mary Shelley Meets George Orwell, and They Go in a Balloon to Egypt", in Cardiff Corvey: Reading the Romantic Text, 10 (June 2003). Cf.ac.uk (25 January 2006). Retrieved on 5 April 2012. 3. ^"Profile of Jane Loudon", Birmingham City Council 4. ^Shigitatsu Antiquarian Books. Profile of Jane Webb Loudon (1807–1858). Shigitatsu.com. Retrieved on 5 April 2012. 5. ^"Britain's fascination with little green men is revealed in science fiction exhibition", The Daily Mail . Dailymail.co.uk (20 May 2011). Retrieved on 5 April 2012. 6. ^[https://archive.org/stream/reignofgeorgevi100maddrich/reignofgeorgevi100maddrich_djvu.txt The reign of George VI. 1900–1925; a forecast written in the year 1763]. [London] W. Niccoll, 1763, Published in 1899, Archive.org. Retrieved on 5 April 2012. 7. ^Adams (1865) also says she envisaged a steam-powered plough; Hopkins (2003) says it was a steam-powered milking machine. The on-line copy of The Mummy!: A Tale of the Twenty-second Century, Volume 1 at Google Books refers only to a steam powered digging-machine on page 71. See Further reading.) 8. ^1 2 {{cite book|author=Henry Gardiner Adams|title=A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography; consisting of Sketches of all Women, who have been distinguished by great Talents, Strength of Character, Piety, Benevolence, or moral Virtue of any kind; forming a complete Record of Womanly Excellence or Ability: Edited by H. G. Adams |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UcQ5AAAAcAAJ |accessdate=5 April 2012 |year=1857 |publisher=Groombridge}} 9. ^{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LTSYePZvSXYC&lpg=PA1035 |title=The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science: L-Z |page=806 |year=2000 |author=Marilyn Bailey Ogilvie & Joy Dorothy Harvey |isbn=041592040X |publisher=Taylor & Francis |accessdate=February 25, 2015}} 10. ^{{Cite web |url=http://clarkesworldmagazine.com/chambers_12_12/|title=The Corpse of the Future:Jane C. Loudon's The Mummy! and Victorian Science Fiction |last=Chambers |first=S. J. |date=2012 |website=Clarkesworld Magazine |archive-url= |archive-date= |dead-url= |access-date=2019-01-28}} 11. ^1 {{cite book|author=Mrs. Loudon (Jane) |title=The mummy!: A tale of the twenty-second century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_glES03nny4C |accessdate=5 April 2012 |year=1828 |publisher=H. Colburn}} References{{Reflist|30em}}Sources
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11 : 1807 births|1858 deaths|English science fiction writers|Women science fiction and fantasy writers|19th-century British women writers|19th-century English novelists|Women science writers|English women novelists|Burials at Kensal Green Cemetery|People from Birmingham, West Midlands|English women non-fiction writers |
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