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词条 Justin Trudeau
释义

  1. Early life

     Ancestry and birth  Childhood  University and early career  Advocacy 

  2. Political beginnings

  3. In Opposition, 2008–2015

     Liberal Party leadership  Earlier speculation  2013 leadership election  Leadership, 2013–2015  2015 federal election 

  4. Prime Minister of Canada

  5. Domestic policy

     Deficit  Infrastructure  Abortion  Marijuana  Religious freedom  Women's rights   Senate reform   Indigenous people  Immigration  Electoral reform  Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP)   SNC-Lavalin affair  

  6. Foreign policy

  7. Personal life

     Family  Religion 

  8. Honours

  9. Honorary degrees

  10. Electoral record

  11. Published works

  12. Ancestry

  13. References

  14. External links

{{pp-protected|small=yes}}{{short description|23rd Prime Minister of Canada}}{{Use Canadian English|date=October 2015}}{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2018}}{{Infobox CanadianMP
|honorific-prefix = The Right Honourable
|name = Justin Trudeau
|honorific-suffix = PC MP
|image = Justin Trudeau in Lima, Peru - 2018 (41507133581) (cropped).jpg
|caption = Trudeau in 2018
|office = 23rd Prime Minister of Canada
|monarch = Elizabeth II
|governor_general = David Johnston
Julie Payette
|term_start = November 4, 2015
|term_end =
|predecessor = Stephen Harper
|successor =
|office1 = Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs
and Youth
|term_start1 = November 4, 2015
|term_end1 = July 18, 2018
|predecessor1 = Denis Lebel
|successor1 = Dominic LeBlanc (Intergovernmental Affairs, Northern Affairs and Internal Trade)
|office2 = Leader of the Liberal Party
|president2 = Mike Crawley
Anna Gainey
Suzanne Cowan
|deputy2 = Ralph Goodale
|term_start2 = April 14, 2013
|term_end2 =
|predecessor2 = Bob Rae (ad interim)
|successor2 =
|office3 = Member of the Canadian Parliament
for Papineau
|term_start3 = October 14, 2008
|term_end3 =
|predecessor3 = Vivian Barbot
|successor3 =
|birth_name = Justin Pierre James Trudeau
|birth_date = {{nowrap|{{birth date and age|1971|12|25}}}}
|birth_place = Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
|death_date =
|death_place =
|party = Liberal
|spouse = {{marriage|Sophie Grégoire|May 28, 2005}}
|children = 3
|relatives = Trudeau family
|parents = Pierre Trudeau
Margaret Sinclair
|residence = Rideau Cottage (primary)
Harrington Lake (seasonal)
|alma_mater = McGill University (BA, 1994)
University of British Columbia (BEd, 1998)
Université de Montréal
|salary = {{nowrap|CA$351,200[1]}}
|occupation = Teacher, politician
|website = {{url|https://pm.gc.ca/|Government website}}
{{url|https://www.liberal.ca/rt-hon-justin-trudeau/|Party website}}
|signature = Signature Justin Trudeau.svg
}}Justin Pierre James Trudeau {{postnom|PC|MP}} ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|r|uː|d|oʊ|,_|t|r|uː|ˈ|d|oʊ}}; {{IPA-fr|ʒystɛ̃ tʁydo|lang}}; born December 25, 1971) is a Canadian politician serving as the 23rd Prime Minister of Canada since 2015 and Leader of the Liberal Party since 2013.[2][3] Trudeau is the second-youngest Canadian Prime Minister after Joe Clark; he is also the first to be related to a previous holder of the post, as the eldest son of Pierre Trudeau.[4][5]

Born in Ottawa, Trudeau attended Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf and graduated from McGill University in 1994 and the University of British Columbia in 1998. He gained a high public profile in October 2000, when he delivered a eulogy at his father's state funeral.[6] After graduating, he worked as a teacher in Vancouver, British Columbia. He completed one year of an engineering program at Montreal's École Polytechnique, from 2002 to 2003, and one year of a master's program in environmental geography at McGill University, from 2004 to 2005. He advocated for various causes, and portrayed a cousin in the 2007 TV miniseries The Great War.[7]

In the 2008 federal election, he was elected to represent the riding of Papineau in the House of Commons. In 2009, he was appointed the Liberal Party's critic for youth and multiculturalism, and the following year, became critic for citizenship and immigration. In 2011, he was appointed as critic for secondary education and youth and amateur sport. Trudeau won the leadership of the Liberal Party in April 2013 and went on to lead his party to victory in the 2015 federal election, moving the third-placed Liberals from 36 seats to 184 seats, the largest-ever numerical increase by a party in a Canadian general election.

Early life

Ancestry and birth

On June 23, 1971, the Prime Minister's Office (PMO) announced that Prime Minister Pierre Elliott Trudeau's wife of four months, the former Margaret Sinclair,[8] was pregnant and due in December.[9][10] Justin Trudeau was born on Christmas Day 1971 at 9:27 pm EST at the Ottawa Civic Hospital.[11] He is the second child in Canadian history to be born to a Prime Minister in office; the first was John A. Macdonald's daughter Margaret Mary Theodora Macdonald (February 8, 1869 – January 28, 1933). Trudeau's younger brothers Alexandre (Sacha) (born December 25, 1973) and Michel (October 2, 1975 – November 13, 1998) were the third and fourth.[12][13]

Trudeau is predominantly of Scottish and French Canadian descent. His grandfathers were businessman Charles-Émile Trudeau[14] and Scottish-born James Sinclair,[15] who served as Minister of Fisheries in the cabinet of Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent.[16] Trudeau's maternal great-grandfather Thomas Bernard was born in Makassar[17] and immigrated to Penticton, British Columbia, in 1906 at age 15 with his family.[18] Through the Bernard family, kinsmen of the Earls of Bandon,[19][20][21] Trudeau is the 5th-great grandson of Major-General William Farquhar,[22] a leader in the founding of modern Singapore; Trudeau also has remote ethnic Malaccan[23][24] and Ono Niha[25][26][27] ancestry.

Trudeau was christened with his father's niece Anne Rouleau-Danis as godmother and his mother's brother-in-law Thomas Walker as godfather[28][29] at Ottawa's Notre Dame Basilica on the afternoon of January 16, 1972, which marked his first public appearance.[30] On April 14, 1972, Trudeau's father and mother hosted a gala at the National Arts Centre, at which visiting U.S. president Richard M. Nixon said, "I'd like to toast the future prime minister of Canada, to Justin Pierre Trudeau" to which Pierre Elliott Trudeau responded that should his son ever assume the role, he hoped he would have "the grace and skill of the president".[31] Earlier that same day U.S. first lady Pat Nixon had come to see him in his nursery to deliver a gift, a stuffed toy Snoopy.[32][33] Nixon's White House audio tapes later revealed Nixon referred to that visit as "wasting three days up there. That trip we needed like a hole in the head."[34][35]

Childhood

His parents publicly announced their separation on May 27, 1977,[36][37] when Trudeau was five years old, with his father having custody. There had been repeated rumours of a reconciliation in the public for many years afterwards,[38] but his mother's attorney Michael Levine[39] filed in Toronto to the Supreme Court of Ontario for a no-fault divorce on November 16, 1983[40] and finalized on April 2, 1984,[41] with his father publicly announcing his intention to retire as prime minister on February 29 of that year.[42] Eventually his parents came to an amicable joint-custody arrangement and learned to get along quite well. Interviewed in October 1979, his nanny Dianne Lavergne was quoted, "Justin is a mommy's boy, so it's not easy, but children's hurts mend very quickly. And they're lucky kids, anyway."[43] Of his mother and father's marriage, Trudeau said in 2009, "They loved each other incredibly, passionately, completely. But there was 30 years between them and my mom never was an equal partner in what encompassed my father's life, his duty, his country."[44] Trudeau has three half-siblings, Kyle and Alicia, from his mother's remarriage to Fried Kemper,[45] and Sarah, from his father's relationship with Deborah Coyne.[46]

Trudeau lived at 24 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, the official residence of Canada's prime minister, from his birth until his father's government was defeated in the federal election on May 22, 1979. The Trudeaus were expected to move into the residence of the Leader of the Official Opposition, Stornoway, at 541 Acacia Avenue in Rockcliffe Park, but because of flooding in the basement, prime minister Joe Clark offered them Harrington Lake, the prime minister's official country retreat in Gatineau Park, with the expectation they would move into Stornoway at the start of July.[47] However, the repairs were not complete so Pierre Trudeau took a prolonged vacation with his sons to the Nova Scotia summer home of his friend, MP Don Johnston, and later sent his sons to stay with their maternal grandparents in North Vancouver for the rest of the summer while he slept at his friend's Ottawa apartment. Justin and his brothers returned to Ottawa for the start of the school year, but lived only on the top floor of Stornoway while repairs continued on the bottom floor.[48] His mother purchased and moved into a new home nearby at 95 Queen Victoria Avenue in Ottawa's New Edinburgh in September 1979.[49][50] The Trudeaus returned to the prime minister's official residence in February 1980 after the election that returned his father to the Prime Minister's Office.[51]

His father had intended Trudeau to begin his formal education at a French Lycée, but Trudeau's mother convinced his father of the importance of sending their sons to a public school.[52] In the end, Trudeau was enrolled in 1976 in the French immersion program at Rockcliffe Park Public School, the same school his mother had attended for 2 years when her family relocated to Rockcliffe Park while her father served as a federal Cabinet minister.[53] He could have been dropped off by limousine, but his parents elected he take the school bus albeit with a Royal Canadian Mounted Police car following.[54][55][56][57] This was followed by one year at the private Lycée Claudel d'Ottawa.[58][59]

After his father's retirement, in June 1984, his mother remained at her New Edinburgh home while the rest of the family moved into his father's home at 1418 Pine Avenue, Montreal known as Cormier House[60] where the following autumn he began attending the private Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf, his father's alma mater. The school had begun as a Jesuit school but was non-denominational by the time Justin matriculated.[61][62] In 2008, Trudeau said that of all his early family outings he enjoyed camping with his father the most, because "that was where our father got to be just our father – a dad in the woods".[63] During the summers his father would send him and his brothers to Camp Ahmek, on Canoe Lake, in Algonquin Provincial Park, where he would later work in his first paid employment as a camp counselor.[59][64][65][66][67]

University and early career

Trudeau has a bachelor of arts degree in literature from McGill University and a bachelor of education degree from the University of British Columbia. In his first year at McGill, Trudeau became acquainted with his future Principal Secretary Gerald Butts, through their mutual friend, Jonathan Ablett.[69] Butts invited Trudeau to join the McGill Debating Union.[68] They bonded while driving back to Montreal after a debate tournament at Princeton University[69] in which the Princeton team included Ted Cruz, a candidate for the U.S. Republican Party's presidential nomination in 2016.[69] After graduation, he stayed in Vancouver and he found substitute work at several local schools and permanent work as a French and math teacher at the private West Point Grey Academy and was roommates at the Douglas Lodge[70] with fellow West Point Grey Academy faculty member and friend Christopher Ingvaldson.[71][72] From 2002 to 2004, he studied engineering at the École Polytechnique de Montréal, a part of the Université de Montréal.[73] He also started a master's degree in environmental geography at McGill University, before suspending his program to seek public office among other reasons.[74]

In August 2000, Justin Trudeau attended the Kokanee Summit in Creston, British Columbia to raise funds in honor of his brother Michel Trudeau and avalanche victims.[75] After the event, an unsigned editorial in the Creston Valley Advance (a local newspaper) accused Trudeau of having groped an unnamed female reporter while at the music festival. The piece stated Trudeau provided a "day-late" apology to the reporter, saying, "If I had known you were reporting for a national paper, I never would have been so forward."[76] The editorial eventually resurfaced during his premiership, and in July 2018 he publicly said he didn't recall the incident.[77][78] Several commentators described Trudeau's refusal to act on the allegation as hypocritical given his previous actions against others accused of sexual misconduct.[79][80][81][82][83]

Trudeau, then 28, emerged as a prominent figure in October 2000, after delivering a eulogy at his father's state funeral.[84][85][86] The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) received numerous calls to rebroadcast the speech after its initial transmission, and leading Quebec politician Claude Ryan described it as "perhaps ... the first manifestation of a dynasty".[87] A book issued by the CBC in 2003 included the speech in its list of significant Canadian events from the past fifty years.[88]

In 2007, Trudeau starred in the two-part CBC Television miniseries The Great War, which gave an account of Canada's participation in the First World War. He portrayed his fifth cousin, twice removed,[89] Major Talbot Mercer Papineau, who was killed on October 30, 1917, during the Battle of Passchendaele.[90] Trudeau is one of several children of former prime ministers who have become Canadian media personalities. The others are Ben Mulroney (son of Brian Mulroney), Catherine Clark (daughter of Joe Clark), and Trudeau's younger brother, Alexandre.[91] Ben Mulroney was a guest at Trudeau's wedding.[92]

Advocacy

Trudeau and his family started the Kokanee Glacier Alpine Campaign for winter sports safety in 2000, two years after his brother Michel Trudeau died in an avalanche during a ski trip.[93] In 2002, Trudeau criticized the Government of British Columbia's decision to stop its funding for a public avalanche warning system.[94]

Trudeau chaired the Katimavik youth program, a project started by longtime family friend Jacques Hébert, from 2002 to 2006.[95][96]

In 2002–03, Trudeau was a panelist on CBC Radio's Canada Reads series, where he championed The Colony of Unrequited Dreams by Wayne Johnston.[97][98] Trudeau and his brother Alexandre inaugurated the Trudeau Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies at the University of Toronto in April 2004; the centre later became a part of the Munk School of Global Affairs.[99] In 2006, he hosted the Giller Prize for literature.[100][101]

In 2005, Trudeau fought against a proposed $100-million zinc mine that he argued would poison the Nahanni River, a United Nations World Heritage Site located in the Northwest Territories. He was quoted as saying, "The river is an absolutely magnificent, magical place. I'm not saying mining is wrong ... but that is not the place for it. It's just the wrong thing to be doing."[102][103]

On September 17, 2006, Trudeau was the master of ceremonies at a Toronto rally organized by Roméo Dallaire that called for Canadian participation in resolving the Darfur crisis.[104][105][106]

Political beginnings

{{See also|Electoral history of Justin Trudeau}}

Trudeau supported the Liberal Party from a young age, offering his support to party leader John Turner in the 1988 federal election.[107] Two years later, he defended Canadian federalism at a student event at the Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf, an elite high school which he attended.[108]

Following his father's death, Trudeau became more involved with the Liberal Party throughout the 2000s. Along with Olympian Charmaine Crooks, he co-hosted a tribute to outgoing prime minister Jean Chrétien at the party's 2003 leadership convention, and was appointed to chair a task force on youth renewal after the party's defeat in the 2006 federal election.[109][110]

In October 2006, Trudeau criticized Quebec nationalism by describing political nationalism generally as an "old idea from the 19th century", "based on a smallness of thought" and not relevant to modern Quebec. This comment was seen as a criticism of Michael Ignatieff, then a candidate in the 2006 Liberal Party leadership election, who was promoting recognition of Quebec as a nation.[111][112] Trudeau later wrote a public letter on the subject, describing the idea of Quebec nationhood as "against everything my father ever believed".[113][114]

Trudeau announced his support for leadership candidate Gerard Kennedy shortly before the 2006 convention and introduced Kennedy during the candidates' final speeches.[115] When Kennedy dropped off after the second ballot, Trudeau joined him in supporting the ultimate winner, Stéphane Dion.[116][117]

Rumours circulated in early 2007 that Trudeau would run in an upcoming by-election in the Montreal riding of Outremont. The Montreal newspaper La Presse reported despite Trudeau's keenness, Liberal leader Stéphane Dion wanted Outremont for a star candidate who could help rebuild the Liberal Party. Instead, Trudeau announced that he would seek the Liberal nomination in the nearby riding of Papineau for the next general election.[118][119][120] The riding, which had once been held for 26 years by André Ouellet, a senior minister under his father, had been in Liberal hands for 53 years before falling to the Bloc Québécois in 2006.[121]

Trudeau faced off against Mary Deros, a Montreal city councillor and Basilio Giordano, the publisher of a local Italian-language newspaper for the Liberal nomination. On April 29, 2007, he easily won the party's nomination, picking up 690 votes to 350 for Deros and 220 for Giordano.[122]

In Opposition, 2008–2015

Prime Minister Stephen Harper called an election for 14 October 2008, by which time Trudeau had been campaigning for a year in Papineau. On election day Trudeau narrowly defeated Bloc Québécois incumbent Vivian Barbot.[123] Following his election win, Edward Greenspon, editor-in-chief of The Globe and Mail, noted that Trudeau would "be viewed as few other rookie MPs are—as a potential future Prime Minister—and scrutinized through that lens".[63]

The Conservative Party won a minority government in the 2008 election, and Trudeau entered parliament as a member of the Official Opposition. Trudeau was the first member of the 40th Parliament of Canada to introduce a private member's motion, in which he called for a "national voluntary service policy for young people". The proposal won support from parliamentarians across party lines.[124] He later co-chaired the Liberal Party's April 2009 national convention in Vancouver, and in October of the same year he was appointed as the party's critic for multiculturalism and youth.[125]

In September 2010, he was reassigned as critic for youth, citizenship, and immigration.[126] During that time, he criticized the government's legislation targeting human smuggling, which he argued would penalize the victims of smuggling.[127]

Trudeau sparked controversy when it was revealed that he earned $1.3 million in public speaking fees from charities and school boards across Canada, $277,000 of which Trudeau received after becoming an MP.[128][129]

He encouraged an increase of Canada's relief efforts after the 2010 Haiti earthquake, and sought more accessible immigration procedures for Haitians moving to Canada in the time of crisis. His own riding includes a significant Haitian community.[130]

Trudeau was re-elected in Papineau in the 2011 federal election, as the Liberal Party fell to third-party standing in the House of Commons with only thirty-four seats. Ignatieff resigned as party leader immediately after the election, and rumours again circulated that Trudeau could run to become his successor. On this occasion, Trudeau said, "I don't feel I should be closing off any options ... because of the history packaged into my name, a lot of people are turning to me in a way that ... to be blunt, concerns me."[131][132] Weeks after the election Toronto MP Bob Rae was selected to serve as the interim leader until the party's leadership convention, which was later decided to be held in April 2013. Rae appointed Trudeau as the party's critic for Post Secondary Education, Youth and Amateur Sport.[133] After his re-election, he traveled the country hosting fundraisers for charities and the Liberal Party.[134][135][136][137]

Trudeau wanted to take part in a charity boxing match on behalf of the cancer research fundraising event Fight for the Cure, but was having difficulty finding a Conservative opponent until Conservative senator Patrick Brazeau agreed when asked on Trudeau's behalf by their mutual hairdresser Stefania Capovilla.[138][139] The fight on March 31, 2012 in Ottawa at the Hampton Inn was broadcast live on Sun News with commentary by Ezra Levant and Brian Lilley and Trudeau won in the third round, the result considered an upset.[138][140]

Liberal Party leadership

Earlier speculation

After Dion's resignation as Liberal leader in 2008, Trudeau's name was mentioned as a potential candidate to succeed him, with polls showing him as a favourite among Canadians for the position.[141][142]

However, he did not enter the race and Ignatieff was later acclaimed as leader in December 2008.[143] After the party's poor showing in the 2011 election, Ignatieff resigned from the leadership and Trudeau was again seen as a potential candidate to lead the party.[144]

Following the election, Trudeau said he was undecided about seeking the leadership;[145] months later on October 12 at Wilfrid Laurier University, he announced he would not seek the post because he had a young family.[146] When interim leader Rae, who was also seen as a frontrunner, announced he would not be entering the race in June 2012, Trudeau was hit with a "tsunami" of calls from supporters to reconsider his earlier decision to not seek the leadership.[147]

Opinion polling conducted by several pollsters showed that if Trudeau were to become leader the Liberal Party would surge in support, from a distant third place to either being competitive with the Conservative Party or leading them.[148] In July 2012, Trudeau stated that he would reconsider his earlier decision to not seek the leadership and would announce his final decision at the end of the summer.[149][150]

2013 leadership election

{{see also|Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, 2013}}

On September 26, 2012, multiple media outlets started reporting that Trudeau would launch his leadership bid the following week.[151][152] While Trudeau was seen as a frontrunner for the leadership of the Liberal Party, he was criticized for his perceived lack of substance.[153][154] During his time as a member of parliament he spoke little on policy matters and it was not known where he stood on many issues such as the economy and foreign affairs.[155][156] Some strategists and pundits believed the leadership would be the time for Trudeau to be tested on these issues; however, there was also fear within the party that his celebrity status and large lead might deter other strong candidates from entering the leadership race.[157][158][159]

On October 2, 2012, Trudeau held a rally in Montreal to launch his bid for the leadership of the Liberal Party.[160] The core people on his campaign team were considered longtime friends, and all in their 30s and 40s. His senior advisor was Gerald Butts, the former President of WWF-Canada who had previously served as principal secretary to former Ontario premier Dalton McGuinty. Other senior aides included campaign manager Katie Telford, and policy advisors Mike McNeir and Robert Asselin, who had all worked for recent Liberal Party leaders.[161] His brother Alexandre also took a break from his documentary work to be a senior advisor on Trudeau's campaign.[162]

During the leadership campaign three by-elections were held on November 26, 2012. The riding Calgary Centre was expected to be a three-way race between the Conservatives, Liberals and Green Party. A week before by-election day Sun Media reported on comments Trudeau had made in a 2010 interview with Télé-Québec, in which he said, "Canada isn't doing well right now because it's Albertans who control our community and socio-democratic agenda." Trudeau's campaign advisor said that the comments were being brought up now because of the close race in Calgary Centre.[163] The following day, Trudeau apologized, saying he was wrong to use "Alberta" as "shorthand" in referring to Stephen Harper's government.[164] The Conservatives held onto Calgary Centre in the by-election by less than 1,200 votes. Liberal candidate Harvey Locke said he lost the by-election on his own and that comments made by Trudeau did not influence the outcome.[165]

Fellow leadership candidate Marc Garneau, seen as Trudeau's main challenger in the race, criticized Trudeau for not releasing enough substantial policy positions. Garneau called on him to release more detailed policies before members and supporters begin to vote.[166] Garneau later challenged Trudeau to a one-on-one debate, and said that if Trudeau could not defend his ideas in a debate against him, he wouldn't be able to do so against Prime Minister Harper.[167] Trudeau clashed in debates with challenger Joyce Murray, who was the only Liberal leadership candidate to speak out strongly in favour of electing the House of Commons with a system of proportional representation. She challenged Trudeau over his support for a preferential ballot voting system.[168]

On March 13, 2013, Garneau dropped out of the leadership race, saying that polling conducted by his campaign showed he would be unable to defeat Trudeau.[169][170]

With Joyce Murray the last challenger receiving significant press time, more Liberal politicians and public figures declared themselves for Trudeau. Trudeau was declared the winner of the leadership election on April 14, 2013, garnering 80.1% of 30,800 votes.[171] Joyce Murray finished in second place with 10.2% points, ahead of Martha Hall Findlay's 5.7%.[172] Trudeau had lost only five ridings, all to Murray and all in BC.[173]

Leadership, 2013–2015

Polls conducted during the leadership race showed that support for the Liberals would surge if they were led by Trudeau. Days after winning his party's leadership a poll showed that the Liberal Party was the choice of 43 per cent of respondents. This compared to 30 per cent for the governing Conservatives and 19 per cent for the Official Opposition New Democrats.[175]

According to an October 2013 EKOS poll, Trudeau's approval numbers improved to a 48–29 approval–disapproval; Thomas Mulcair's jumped to a slight lead at 50–25, while Stephen Harper's ratings sank to 24–69.[176]

A December 2013 EKOS poll showed the Liberals preferred by 32.1% of voters, the Conservatives by 26.2%, the NDP 22.9%. Likely voters, estimated by removing those who didn't vote in 2011, moved the parties into a logjam: Liberals 29.1%, Conservatives 28.5%, NDP 27.2%.[177]

In 2013, Justin Trudeau chose to give up his seat at the funeral of Nelson Mandela, in deference to Irwin Cotler as representative of the Liberal Party of Canada, because of Cotler's work for and with Nelson Mandela in fighting apartheid.[178]

During the leadership campaign Trudeau pledged to park all his assets, exclusive of real estate holdings, into a blind trust which is atypical for opposition MPs, including leaders. According to documents obtained by the Ottawa Citizen, he fulfilled the pledge in July 2013 when the blind trust was set up by BMO Private Banking.[179]

On January 27, 2014, Trudeau and MP Carolyn Bennett escorted Chrystia Freeland into the House of Commons, as is traditional for by-election victors.[180] Trudeau launched an internet video the week before the 2014 Liberal party convention titled "An economy that benefits us all" in which he narrates his economic platform. He said that Canada's debt to GDP ratios have come down in recent years and now it's time for Ottawa to "step up".[181]

2015 federal election

{{see|Canadian federal election, 2015}}

On October 19, 2015, after the longest official campaign in over a century, Trudeau led the Liberals to a decisive victory in the federal election. The Liberals won 184 of the 338 seats, with 39.5% of the popular vote, for a strong majority government;[182][183] a gain of 150 seats compared to the 2011 federal election.[182]

This was the second-best performance in the party's history. The Liberals won mostly on the strength of a solid performance in the eastern half of the country. In addition to taking all of Atlantic Canada and Toronto,[182] they won 40 seats in Quebec—the most that the Liberals had won in that province since Trudeau's father led them to a near-sweep of the province in 1980, and also the first time since then that the Liberals won a majority of Quebec's seats in an election. The 150-seat gain was the biggest numerical increase for a single party since Confederation, and marked the first time that a party had rebounded from third place in the Commons to a majority government.

In addition to the appeal of his party's platform, Trudeau's success has been credited to his performance both on the campaign trail and televised election debates exceeding the lowered expectations created by Conservative advertisements and conservative media outlets.[184][185][186]

Trudeau declared victory shortly after CBC News projected that he had won a majority government. He began his speech with a reference to Wilfrid Laurier's "sunny ways" ({{lang-fr|link=no|voies ensoleillées}}) approach to bringing Canadians together despite their differences. According to Trudeau, Laurier "knew that politics can be a positive force, and that's the message Canadians have sent today".[187] Harper announced his resignation as the head of the Conservative Party that night.[188][189]

Prime Minister of Canada

{{main|Premiership of Justin Trudeau}}

Trudeau and the rest of the Cabinet were sworn in by Governor General David Johnston on November 4, 2015. He said that his first legislative priority was to lower taxes for middle-income Canadians and raise taxes for the top one per cent of income earners after parliament was reconvened on December 3, 2015.[190] Trudeau also issued a statement promising to rebuild relations with indigenous people and run an open, ethical and transparent government.[191] On November 5, 2015, during the first Liberal caucus meeting since forming a majority government, the party announced that it would reinstate the mandatory long-form census that had been scrapped in 2010, effective with the 2016 census.[192][193]

In January 2017, Canada's Ethics Commissioner, Mary Dawson, began an investigation into Trudeau for a vacation he and his family took to Aga Khan IV's private island in the Bahamas.[194][195] The Ethics Commissioner's report, released in December 2017, found that Trudeau had violated four provisions of the Conflict of Interest Act.[196] By breaking the law, he became the first sitting prime minister to do so.[197]

In February 2018, Trudeau was criticized when his administration invited Khalistani nationalist Jaspal Atwal to the Canadian High Commission's dinner party in Delhi. Atwal had previously been convicted for the shooting and attempted murder of Indian Cabinet Minister Malkiat Singh Sidhu in 1986, as well as the assault on former B.C. Premier Ujjal Dosanjh in 1985. Following the dinner, the PMO rescinded the invitation, and apologized for the incident.[198][199][200][201]

Domestic policy

Deficit

During the election, the Liberal Party promised to run a deficit of around $10 billion per year, but Trudeau's Minister of Finance, Bill Morneau, announced in his first budget in March 2016 that the government would have a $29 billion deficit in 2016 and 2017.[202]

Infrastructure

During the 2015 election campaign, Trudeau said that if made prime minister, he would implement an infrastructure plan worth $60 billion (US$42 billion) in spending over 10 years.[203] Following his electoral win, in 2016, the Trudeau announced a 12-year, $180 billion (US$143 billion) infrastructure plan, with a focus on public transport, infrastructure in rural communities and Canada's northern regions, green infrastructure and affordable housing.[204] The Trudeau government also is setting up an infrastructure bank to fund projects.[205]

Abortion

Trudeau has stated that he wishes to form a party that is "resolutely pro-choice" and that potential Liberal candidates in the 2015 election who are anti-abortion would not be greenlighted for the nomination if they did not agree to vote pro-choice on abortion bills.[206] This stance was in line with a resolution passed by a majority of Liberal party members at its 2012 policy convention.[206] Trudeau's stance was criticized by conservative Catholics, with former MP Jim Karygiannis saying it will "definitely hurt the party",[207] and Toronto cardinal Thomas Collins writing to Trudeau urging him to reverse his ruling,[208] leading Trudeau to defend the position.[209]

Marijuana

Trudeau first publicly expressed an interest in the legalization of marijuana while speaking at a rally in Kelowna, B.C. on June 24, 2013. He told a crowd, "I'm actually not in favour of decriminalizing cannabis. I'm in favour of legalizing it. Tax it, regulate. It's one of the only ways to keep it out of the hands of our kids because the current war on drugs, the current model is not working. We have to use evidence and science to make sure we're moving forward on that."[210]

In an interview in August 2013, Trudeau said that the last time he had used marijuana was in 2010, after he had become a member of parliament: "We had a few good friends over for a dinner party, our kids were at their grandmother's for the night, and one of our friends lit a joint and passed it around. I had a puff."[211][212][213] After analysing the results of the legalization of marijuana in Colorado, Trudeau reiterated his position in favour of the legalization in Canada, saying that Canadians would benefit from analysing the experiences of both Colorado and the state of Washington.[214]

After the Liberal party formed the government in November 2015, with Trudeau as prime minister, he announced that a federal-provincial-territorial process was being created to discuss a jointly suitable process for the legalization of marijuana possession for recreational purposes. The plan is to remove marijuana consumption and incidental possession from the Criminal Code; however, new laws will be enacted for greater punishment of those convicted of supplying pot to minors and for impairment while driving a motor vehicle.[215] By late November 2015, Justice Minister Jody Wilson-Raybould said that she and the ministers of Health and Public Safety were working on specifics as to the legislation.[216] In April 2016, the Trudeau government announced that it would aim to introduce legislation to legalize cannabis in Spring 2017.[217]

The legislation to legalize cannabis for recreational use (Cannabis Act, Bill C-45) was passed by the House of Commons of Canada in late November 2017; it passed second reading in the Senate of Canada on March 22, 2018.[218] On June 18, 2018, the House passed the bill with most, but not all, of the Senate's amendments.[219] The Senate accepted this version of the Act the following day.[220] Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced the next day that recreational use of cannabis would no longer violate criminal law as of October 17, 2018.[221] As of October 17, 2018, cannabis is legal in Canada for both recreational and medicinal use.

On October 17, the first day of legalization, the Government of Canada announced that it intends to grant pardons to Canadians convicted of simple cannabis possession charges.[222]

Religious freedom

Trudeau has expressed opposition towards the proposed Quebec Charter of Values, a controversial charter in that province and elsewhere that among other things prohibited public sector employees from wearing or displaying "conspicuous" religious symbols, justifying that it would make the people of Quebec "choose between their freedom of religion and freedom of expression, freedom of conscience and their economic well-being and their acceptance in the workplace. That for me is a real concern."[223]

Women's rights

Trudeau identifies as a feminist,[224] having stated, "I am a feminist. I'm proud to be a feminist." Trudeau has also stated that "the Liberal Party is unequivocal in its defence of women's rights. We are the party of the Charter." After being sworn in as Prime Minister, when asked by a reporter why he felt gender parity was important when naming his cabinet, he replied simply, "Because it's 2015."[225] More recently, he has similarly answered to feminist organizations on social media that "On behalf of the Government of Canada, I am writing back to let you know that I wholeheartedly agree: Poverty is Sexist".[226]

In January 2018 in a speech at the World Economic Forum, Trudeau called for critical discussion on issues brought up by the Me Too, Time's Up, and Women's March movements.[227] Trudeau has also advocated a high standard and holds a "zero tolerance for sexual assault, harassment or other forms of misconduct by his employees or caucus colleagues".[228] As leader of the Liberal Party, Trudeau initiated investigations on several members of parliament resulting in the dismissal of cabinet minister Kent Hehr, the resignation of MP Darshan Kang, and the suspension and later expulsion of MPs Scott Andrews and Massimo Pacetti.[229] In an interview, Trudeau explained that the zero tolerance standard applied to himself as well and stated, "I've been very, very careful all my life to be thoughtful, to be respectful of people's space and people's headspace as well."[230]

Senate reform

Trudeau has long advocated changes that would make the Senate of Canada a less partisan house. In January 2014, he announced a step that began reducing Senate partisanship by removing Liberal senators from the Liberal caucus.[231]

On December 5, 2015, after his appointment as prime minister, the new government's democratic institutions minister, Maryam Monsef, with House leader Dominic LeBlanc, announced a major overhaul of the appointment process, as Trudeau had promised during the election campaign. The new system consists of five board members—three federal appointees and two from the relevant province—who will pick independent candidates, not officially affiliated with any political party, based on merit,[232] a similar concept to the Advisory Committee on Vice-Regal Appointments.

The stated goal of the December 2015, reform, was to improve the effectiveness of the Senate which had been, according to Monsef, "hampered by its reputation as a partisan institution". She indicated that this reform would not require an amendment to the constitution. The advisory board was expected to have been appointed by the end of December 2015. The criteria for appointment to the Senate would be "outstanding personal qualities that include integrity and ethics and experience in public life, community service or leadership in their field of expertise". At the time of the announcement, there were 17 Senate vacancies and these were expected to be filled by the end of 2016.[233]

Indigenous people

Trudeau met with hundreds of chiefs at the Assembly of First Nations on December 7, 2015, and laid out his philosophy and commitments to Canada's indigenous people, to assure their "constitutionally guaranteed rights ... a sacred obligation". In brief,[234] he promised to rescind government policies that are in conflict with their rights, make a significant investment in education programs, increase general funding, and launch an enquiry into missing and murdered indigenous women. Trudeau also indicated that the new government would implement all of the recommendations made by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission.[235][236]

Immigration

In 2017, the Liberal government announced Canada will welcome nearly one million immigrants over the next three years. The number of migrants will climb to 310,000 in 2018, up from 300,000 in 2017. That number will rise to 330,000 in 2019 then 340,000 in 2020.[237][238][239]

Electoral reform

During the campaign prior to the 2015 federal election, Trudeau promised to eliminate the current voting system by the next federal election.[240] Called "first-past-the-post" or "single-member plurality",[241] this system awards the House of Commons seat in any electoral district to the candidate who received the most votes in that electoral riding, and the party with the most seats forms government.[242] Consequently, it is possible for a political party to form a majority government with around 40 percent of the popular vote across Canada.[240]

Trudeau has said that he advocates a system where the distribution of seats is more in line with the popular vote on a Canada-wide basis, to be achieved by a new type of ballot that allows voters to rank the candidates in order of preference.[243] However, Trudeau has said that he is open to proportional representation, which is more likely to produce coalition governments.[240][242]

In December 2015, the government announced that an all-party parliamentary committee would be formed in early 2016 to consider other options. During a discussion of the plan, Minister of Democratic Institutions Maryam Monsef referred to it as "an open and robust process of consultation". However, she refused to commit to the Conservative Party's demand for a public referendum that would allow Canadians to vote on their preferred electoral system, indicating that she does not want to "prejudice the outcome of that consultation process".[244]

There was some controversy regarding the government's initial plans for the Special Committee on Electoral Reform, as the Liberals announced that they would have a majority of the committee's ten seats. Trudeau and Monsef subsequently altered their plans, ceding a majority of the seats to the opposition. Trudeau acknowledged the opposition's concerns that "we were perhaps behaving in a way that was resembling more the previous government than the kind of approach and tone that we promised throughout the electoral campaign", and stated they changed course to show otherwise.[245]

On February 1, 2017, the newly appointed Minister of Democratic Institutions Karina Gould announced that the government had abandoned the electoral reform project and it was no longer a priority in her mandate letter from Trudeau.[246] In the letter, Trudeau wrote that "a clear preference for a new electoral system, let alone a consensus, has not emerged" and that "without a clear preference or a clear question, a referendum would not be in Canada's interest".[247]

On February 10, 2017, at a townhall in Yellowknife, Trudeau admitted he had "turned his back" on the promise to reform the electoral system.[248][249]

Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP)

During the 2015 election campaign, Trudeau pledged to study the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) before making a final decision on ratification.[250] Trudeau said that Canadians should know what effects TPP would have on different industries, adding that he would hold an open and serious discussion with Canadians.[251]

After the United States withdrew from the TPP, Canada joined the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership, which incorporates most of the provisions of the TPP and which entered into force on December 30, 2018.[252][253][254]

SNC-Lavalin affair

{{Main|SNC-Lavalin affair}}

On February 8, 2019, The Globe and Mail reported that sources close to the government said that the Prime Minister's Office allegedly had attempted to influence Minister Jody Wilson-Raybould concerning an ongoing prosecution of SNC-Lavalin while she was Minister of Justice and Attorney General. When asked about the allegations, Trudeau said that the story in the Globe was false and that he had never "directed" Wilson-Raybould concerning the case.[255] Wilson-Raybould did not comment on the matter, citing solicitor-client privilege[256]. On February 11, the Ethics Commissioner announced the opening of an investigation into the allegations. Trudeau welcomed the investigation.[257][258] The Justice Committee of the House of Commons has also been conducting a series of hearings on the alleged interference.[259][260][261]

Foreign policy

{{see also|List of international prime ministerial trips made by Justin Trudeau}}

On October 22, 2015, Trudeau stated that, once prime minister, he would end Canada's airstrike mission against ISIL.[262][263] In his mandate letter to Defence Minister Harjit Sajjan, he also called for increased focus on Canadian trainers for local troops and humanitarian aid for the region.[264]

On November 13, 2015, Trudeau was asked whether his plans to change Canada's contribution to the fight against ISIS and to repeal parts of Bill C-51 would change following the terrorist attacks in Paris. Trudeau responded, "It's too soon to jump to conclusions, but obviously governments have a responsibility to keep their citizens safe, while defending our rights and freedoms, and that balance is something the Canadian government, and indeed all governments around the world, will be focusing on."[265][266][267]

On June 14, 2016, Trudeau refused to recognize ISIS's atrocities as genocide, instead waiting for an official position from the UN Security Council. He switched his position once the UN Commission released its inquiry on Syria.[268][269]

Trudeau supported the Harper-negotiated arms deal with Saudi Arabia,[270] believed to be the largest arms sale in Canadian history.[271]

Upon hearing the news of Cuban dictator Fidel Castro's death, Trudeau released a statement that described Castro as a "remarkable leader" and a "larger than life leader who served his people".[272]

In 2017, Trudeau criticized Executive Order 13769 entitled "Protecting the Nation from Foreign Terrorist Entry into the United States" signed by President Donald Trump. The executive order bans refugees from seven countries, six of which have Muslim majorities, from entering the United States. On social media, he displayed support for affected refugees.[273]

In August 2018, Canada called for the immediate release of Saudi blogger Raif Badawi and his sister Samar. In response to Canada's criticism, Saudi Arabia expelled Canada's ambassador, and froze trade with Canada.[274] Trudeau said that Canada will "continue to speak clearly and firmly on issues of human rights at home and abroad wherever we see the need".[275]

In September 2018, as the Rohingya crisis in Myanmar became ethnic cleansing against the country's Rohingya Muslim minority,[276] Canada has stripped Myanmar leader Aung San Suu Kyi of her honorary Canadian citizenship.[277] In October 2018, Trudeau condemned the killing of Saudi dissident journalist Jamal Khashoggi at the Saudi Arabian consulate in Istanbul and promised "consequences".[278]

Personal life

Family

{{main|Trudeau family}}

Trudeau first met Sophie Grégoire when they were both children growing up in Montreal; Grégoire was a classmate and childhood friend of Trudeau's youngest brother, Michel.[279] They reconnected as adults in June 2003, when Grégoire, by then a Quebec television personality, was assigned as Trudeau's co-host for a charity ball; they began dating several months later. Trudeau and Grégoire became engaged in October 2004, and married on May 28, 2005, in a Roman Catholic ceremony at Montreal's Sainte-Madeleine d'Outremont Church.[280] They have three children: Xavier James (born October 18, 2007),[281] Ella-Grace Margaret (born February 5, 2009)[282][283] and Hadrien Grégoire (born February 28, 2014).[284][285]

In June 2013, two months after Trudeau became the leader of the Liberal Party, the couple sold their home in the Côte-des-Neiges neighbourhood of Montreal.[286] They began living in a rented home in Ottawa's Rockcliffe Park, the neighbourhood near where Trudeau resided as a child during his father's time as prime minister.[286]

On August 18, 2014, an intruder broke into the house while Grégoire and the couple's three children were sleeping and left a threatening note; however, nothing was stolen and there was no damage to the property. Following the incident, Trudeau, who was in Winnipeg at the time of the break-in, stated his intention to inquire with the Royal Canadian Mounted Police about his home security.[287] After his 2015 electoral victory, Trudeau opted to live at Rideau Cottage, on the grounds of Rideau Hall, until necessary repairs are completed at 24 Sussex to make it comfortable for his family.[288]

Trudeau has a large Earth inside a Haida raven tattoo on his left arm.[289] The tattoo is based on a design by Robert Davidson, a Haida artist whose grandmother ceremonially adopted Pierre Trudeau as an honorary member of the Haida tribe during a 1976 trip to what was then called the Queen Charlotte Islands.[290] Davidson was initially hopeful that the tattoo was indicative of Trudeau's support for Indigenous protections, but after Trudeau approved a controversial natural gas export facility on Lelu Island—a project the Haida strongly opposed—Davidson claimed that Trudeau's tattoo was an example of cultural appropriation, and showed his lack of respect for Indigenous Canadians and for the Haida customs that come with accepting a tattoo from their tribe.[291]

Religion

Trudeau's father was a devout Roman Catholic[292] and his mother converted from Anglicanism to Catholicism just prior to their wedding.[293] As a child, he attended Mass each Sunday and said his prayers each night before bedtime. He became a lapsed Catholic at age 18, as he felt that much of his day-to-day life was not addressed by the formality and structure of the church.[57][294] Trudeau described his faith during this period as "like so many Catholics across this country, I said, 'OK, I'm Catholic, I'm of faith, but I'm just not really going to go to church. Maybe on Easter, maybe midnight Mass at Christmas.{{'"}}[57][294] After the death of his brother Michel in 1998, Trudeau was persuaded by a friend to participate in an Alpha course, during which he regained his faith.[57][294] In 2011, Trudeau stated, "My own personal faith is an extremely important part of who I am and the values that I try to lead with."[295]

Honours

Ribbon Description Notes
Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal for Canada
  • 2012: As an elected Member of the House of Commons of Canada, Justin Trudeau was awarded the medal as a member of the Canadian order of precedence.[296]

Honorary degrees

Honorary degrees
CountryLocationDateSchoolDegree
United Kingdom Edinburgh, Scotland July 5, 2017 University of Edinburgh Doctorate[297][298]
United States New York City, New York May 16, 2018 New York University Doctor of Laws (LL.D.)[299][300]
{{Expand list|date=May 2018}}

Electoral record

{{Canadian federal election, 2015/Papineau}}
Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, 2013
CandidateFirst Ballot
Points* % Votes %
Justin Trudeau 24,66980.181,38978.76
Joyce Murray 3,13110.212,14811.76
Martha Hall Findlay 1,7605.76,5856.37
Martin Cauchon 8162.61,6301.58
Deborah Coyne 2140.78330.81
Karen McCrimmon 2100.77570.73
Total 30,800 100.0 104,552 100.00
  • Each federal electoral district had 100 points, which were determined by the voters in the district.
{{Canadian federal election, 2011/Papineau}}{{Canadian federal election, 2008/Papineau}}

Published works

  • Trudeau, Justin (October 20, 2014). Common Ground. HarperCollins Canada. {{ISBN|978-1-4434-3339-6}}

Ancestry

{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
|1=1. Justin Trudeau
(b. 1971)
|2=2.Pierre Trudeau
(1919–2000)
|3=3.Margaret Sinclair
(b. 1948)
|4=4. Charles-Émile Trudeau
(1887–1935)
|5=5. Grace Elliott
(1890–1973)
|6=6.James Sinclair
(1908–1984)
|7=7. Kathleen Bernard
(1920–2012)
|8=8. Joseph Trudeau
(1848–1919)
|9=9. Malvina Cardinal
(1849–1931)
|10=10. Philip Armstrong Elliott
(1859–1936)
|11=11. Sarah Sauvé
(1857–1899)
|12=12. James George Sinclair
(1879–1962)
|13=13. Betsy Ross
(1878–1959)
|14=14. Thomas Bernard
(1891–1946)
|15=15. Rose Ivens
(1891–1979)
|16=16. Louis Trudeau
(1817–1879)
|17=17. Louise Dupuis
(1817–1884)
|18=18. Solime Cardinal
(1815–1897)
|19=19. Marguerite Surprenant
(1820–1873)
|20=20. Edward Elliott
(1830–1881)
|21=21. Amelia Morrison
(1834–1903)
|22=22. Séraphin Sauvé
(1821–1890)
|23=23. Agnes Clark
(1830–1920)
|24=24. James Sinclair
(1834–1904)
|25=25. Isabella Taylor
(1840–1914)
|26=26. Alexander Ross
(1849–1920)
|27=27. Betsy Ann Munro
(1852–1916)
|28=28. Charles Grant Bugden Bernard
(1857–1936)
|29=29. Annie Purvis
(1870–1947)
|30=30. Charles Howe Ivens
(1859–1926)
|31=31. Julia Webb
(1850–1898)
}}

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25. ^{{cite book|last=Hedemann |first=Nancy Oakley |date=1994 |title=A Scottish-Hawaiian story: the Purvis family in the Sandwich Islands |publisher=Book Crafters |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oNpIAAAAMAAJ |access-date=September 4, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116033621/https://books.google.com/books?id=oNpIAAAAMAAJ |archivedate=January 16, 2017 }}
26. ^{{cite book|last=Douglas-Home |first=Jessica |date=1996 |title=Violet: The Life and Loves of Violet Gordon Woodhouse |publisher=Harvill Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LogHAQAAMAAJ |access-date=September 4, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116051226/https://books.google.com/books?id=LogHAQAAMAAJ |archivedate=January 16, 2017 }}
27. ^{{cite book|last=Cooper |first=Artemis |date=2011 |title=Writing at the Kitchen Table: The Authorized Biography of Elizabeth David |publisher=Faber & Faber |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cYAKPntbPi4C |access-date=September 4, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115170748/https://books.google.com/books?id=cYAKPntbPi4C |archivedate=January 15, 2017 }}
28. ^{{cite news|last=Gillespie|first=Mike|newspaper=The Ottawa Journal|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/44484158 |title=It's 'Justin Pierre James' – Trudeau baby baptized|date=January 17, 2015|accessdate=November 12, 2015|quote=Justin remained perfectly quiet when the prime minister and his wife took their places in the baptistry, accompanied by Mr. Trudeau's niece, Marie Anne Rouleau-Danis, and a stand-in for Thomas Walker, the PM's brother-in-law, who, along, with Mrs. Roulea-Danis, are the baby's godparents.|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117070849/http://www.newspapers.com/image/44484158|archivedate=November 17, 2015}}
29. ^{{cite news|last=Catling|first=Len|publisher=The University of British Columbia Athletic|url=http://www.gothunderbirds.ca/news/2016/5/18/football-o-connor-returns-home-to-ottawa-meets-prime-minister.aspx|title=O'Connor returns home to Ottawa, meets Prime Minister|date=May 18, 2016|accessdate=September 15, 2017|quote="My uncle played for the Lions," replied the Prime Minister. "Tom Walker played for them." The Prime Minister is referring to defensive tackle Tom Walker, who donned BC Lions colours in the early sixities.}}
30. ^{{cite news|author=|title=Canada Premier's Son Christened in Ottawa|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1350&dat=19720117&id=zcZOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=5AEEAAAAIBAJ&pg=1937,5989636&hl=en|newspaper=The Blade|agency=Reuters|date=January 17, 1972|access-date=October 28, 2015}}
31. ^{{cite news|author=Staff|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=tJBPAAAAIBAJ&sjid=_FEDAAAAIBAJ&pg=1625%2C990999|agency=United Press International|newspaper=The Bryan Times|title=Nixon, Trudeau sign treaty: Great Lakes cleanup is multi-billion job|date=April 15, 1972|accessdate=November 10, 2015}}
32. ^{{cite news|author=Staff|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=j6NUAAAAIBAJ&sjid=tI8DAAAAIBAJ&pg=6898%2C772477|agency=United Press International|newspaper=Daily Record|title='Snoopy' gift from Nixon's|date=April 15, 1972|accessdate=November 10, 2015}}
33. ^{{cite news|last=Ruvinsky |first=Auren |date=November 10, 2015 |title=Parksville man discusses scene around some baby pictures he took of Justin Trudeau |url=http://www.pqbnews.com/news/344832482.html |newspaper=Parksville Qualicum Beach News |accessdate=November 12, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117034956/http://www.pqbnews.com/news/344832482.html |archivedate=November 17, 2015 }}
34. ^{{cite news|last=Gill |first=Alexandra |date=March 23, 2002 |title=Nixon's bushy-haired 'bastard' bites back |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/nixons-bushy-haired-bastard-bites-back/article753738 |newspaper=The Globe and Mail |accessdate=March 11, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311194940/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/nixons-bushy-haired-bastard-bites-back/article753738/ |archivedate=March 11, 2016 }}
35. ^{{cite news|last=Smyth |first=Julie |date=March 9, 2016 |title=Parksville man discusses scene around some baby pictures he took of Justin Trudeau |url=http://www.macleans.ca/politics/ottawa/that-time-richard-nixon-predicted-justin-trudeau-would-be-pm |newspaper=Maclean's Magazine |accessdate=March 11, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310223444/http://www.macleans.ca/politics/ottawa/that-time-richard-nixon-predicted-justin-trudeau-would-be-pm/ |archivedate=March 10, 2016 }}
36. ^{{cite news|title=Pierre Trudeau, wife separate at her request|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=sTAyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=4-UFAAAAIBAJ&pg=6674%2C4099318|newspaper=Lawrence Journal-World|agency=Associated Press|date=May 28, 1977|access-date=June 8, 2016}}
37. ^{{cite news|title=Being single parent has 'downsides': PM|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19780103&id=W8stAAAAIBAJ&sjid=UKEFAAAAIBAJ&pg=2869,10966&hl=en|newspaper=The Gazette|agency=United Press International|date=January 3, 1978|access-date=October 29, 2015}}
38. ^{{cite news|last=O'Hara |first=Jane |title=When Pierre put his boys first |url=http://www.macleans.ca/politics/ottawa/when-pierre-put-his-boys-first |newspaper=Maclean's Magazine |date=December 3, 1979 |access-date=December 2, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151204075456/http://www.macleans.ca/politics/ottawa/when-pierre-put-his-boys-first/ |archivedate=December 4, 2015 }}
39. ^{{cite news|last=Wong |first=Jan |title=Mr. Conflict of Interest |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/rob-magazine/mr-conflict-of-interest/article18285085/?page=all |newspaper=The Globe and Mail |date=March 28, 2003 |access-date=November 20, 2015 |quote=Indeed, Levine represented Margaret Trudeau when she got her shows on CJOH television in Ottawa in the early 1980s and later during her divorce from Pierre. And then he represented the former prime minister when he auctioned off his memoirs. |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106142854/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/rob-magazine/mr-conflict-of-interest/article18285085/?page=all |archivedate=January 6, 2016 }}
40. ^{{cite news|title=Margaret Trudeau files for divorce|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2194&dat=19831117&id=k74yAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Q-8FAAAAIBAJ&pg=1351,3843497&hl=en|newspaper=Ottawa Citizen|date=November 17, 1983|access-date=October 28, 2015}}
41. ^{{cite news|title=Trudeaus' divorce has become final: Report|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19840405&id=9gowAAAAIBAJ&sjid=j6UFAAAAIBAJ&pg=6489,1184177&hl=en|newspaper=The Gazette|location=Montreal|date=April 5, 1984|access-date=October 28, 2015}}
42. ^{{cite book|author1=Elin Woodger |author2=David F. Burg |title=The 1980s |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uV9S7TCG2VYC&pg=PA414 |accessdate=May 27, 2011 |date=March 2006 |publisher=Infobase Publishing |isbn=978-0-8160-5809-9 |page=414 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731195713/http://books.google.com/books?id=uV9S7TCG2VYC&pg=PA414 |archivedate=July 31, 2013 }}
43. ^{{cite news|last=Laver|first=Ross|title=Nostalgic nanny|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2194&dat=19771031&id=970yAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Be4FAAAAIBAJ&pg=6187,11452806&hl=en|work=Ottawa Citizen|date=October 31, 1979|access-date=October 29, 2015}}
44. ^{{cite news|last=Campion-Smith |first=Bruce |title=Justin on growing up Trudeau |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2009/07/20/justin_on_growing_up_trudeau.html |accessdate=March 2, 2013 |newspaper=Toronto Star |date=June 20, 2009 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107221601/http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2009/07/20/justin_on_growing_up_trudeau.html |archivedate=November 7, 2014 }}
45. ^{{cite news|agency=bpHope |url=http://www.bphope.com/margaret-trudeau-forgiveness-gratitude-wisdom |date=February 8, 2008 |accessdate=November 10, 2015 |last=Anzalone |first=Charles |title=Margaret Trudeau: Forgiveness, gratitude, wisdom |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104055209/http://www.bphope.com/margaret-trudeau-forgiveness-gratitude-wisdom/ |archivedate=November 4, 2015 }}
46. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2010/11/24/pierre_trudeaus_daughter_sarah_lives_under_the_radar.html |title=Pierre Trudeau's daughter, Sarah, lives under the radar |date=November 24, 2010 |accessdate=November 10, 2015 |last=Popplewell |first=Brett |newspaper=Toronto Star |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104234827/http://www.thestar.com/news/world/2010/11/24/pierre_trudeaus_daughter_sarah_lives_under_the_radar.html |archivedate=November 4, 2015 }}
47. ^{{cite news|title=Stornoway changes to cost $65,000|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19790616&id=rIIuAAAAIBAJ&sjid=T6EFAAAAIBAJ&pg=5217,63340&hl=en|newspaper=The Gazette|location=Montreal|date=June 16, 1979|accessdate=October 28, 2015}}
48. ^{{cite news|last=Janigan|first=Mary|title=The new Trudeau: A beard holds the key|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19790906&id=y4w1AAAAIBAJ&sjid=aKQFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3456,1816135&hl=en|newspaper=The Gazette|location=Montreal|date=September 6, 1979|access-date=October 28, 2015}}
49. ^{{cite news|author=Staff|title=Maggie house hunting?|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=3K4yAAAAIBAJ&sjid=0u4FAAAAIBAJ&pg=4371%2C24947|newspaper=Ottawa Citizen|date=September 11, 1979|access-date=November 15, 2015}}
50. ^{{cite news|last=Strobel |first=Mike |title='Burgh' accepts Maggie's move |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/42950191 |newspaper=The Ottawa Journal |date=September 27, 1979 |access-date=November 15, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117105150/http://www.newspapers.com/image/42950191/ |archivedate=November 17, 2015 }}
51. ^{{cite news|title=It's all yours next week, Clark tells a victorious Trudeau|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19800220&id=t1sxAAAAIBAJ&sjid=laQFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1441,3942042&hl=en|newspaper=The Gazette|location=Montreal|date=February 20, 1980|access-date=October 28, 2015}}
52. ^{{cite news|date=February 9, 1983|last=Brooker|first=Deborah|title=Margaret Trudeau today: a TV career, a new man – and her kids|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ouhfAAAAIBAJ&sjid=_-4FAAAAIBAJ&pg=1352%2C4315355|newspaper=Ottawa Citizen|access-date=November 30, 2015|quote=Q: I understand you insisted that the children attend a public school. A: Pierre wanted them from the beginning to go to a French Lycée to get a very academic education. I held out, and was able to give good arguments. Pierre has certainly agreed that they've done very well in school. They are all in French immersion, and are quite bilingual. They attend a local public school, and they're just normal little kids doing all the fun things of elementary years.}}
53. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.pressreader.com/similar/283055528255552|title=Growning up in the public eye|newspaper=Toronto Star|last=Coyle|first=Jim|date=October 17, 2015|access-date=August 26, 2016}}
54. ^{{cite news|author=Staff|title=Schreyer children to get bodyguards|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Z08xAAAAIBAJ&sjid=yaEFAAAAIBAJ&pg=7008%2C1156226|newspaper=The Gazette|location=Montreal|agency=The Canadian Press|date=January 12, 1979|access-date=November 15, 2015|quote=A team of plainclothes RCMP officers spring into action the moment Trudeau's two oldest boys leave 24 Sussex Drive and hop on the school bus. The officers do not rest until their charges are returned home.}}
55. ^{{cite news|last=Hampson|first=Beatrice|date=November 22, 1979|title=Pierre-like shrug Justin's reaction|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2194&dat=19791122&id=uKMyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=8u4FAAAAIBAJ&pg=5405,1184015&hl=en|newspaper=Ottawa Citizen|access-date=October 27, 2015}}
56. ^{{cite news |date=October 21, 2015 |title=Shannon McMullan was Justin Trudeau's grade school teacher |url=http://www.manitoulin.ca/2015/10/21/perivale-gallery-owner-taught-new-pm |newspaper=The Manitoulin Expositor |access-date=November 6, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118012542/http://www.manitoulin.ca/2015/10/21/perivale-gallery-owner-taught-new-pm/ |archivedate=November 18, 2015 |df=mdy-all }}
57. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|date=October 18, 2014 |last=Kennedy |first=Mark |title=Q and A: Justin Trudeau in his own words |url=https://ottawacitizen.com/news/national/q-and-a-justin-trudeau-in-his-own-words |newspaper=Ottawa Citizen |access-date=November 22, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124083959/http://ottawacitizen.com/news/national/q-and-a-justin-trudeau-in-his-own-words |archivedate=November 24, 2015 }}
58. ^{{cite news|last=MacCharles|first=Tonda|date=October 5, 2000|title=Spotlight on Justin sparks talk of dynasty|url=http://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/alt.gossip.celebrities/QfESiq63tIA|newspaper=Toronto Star|accessdate=November 20, 2015}}
59. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://secure.flickr.com/photos/bigdaddyhame/368948549|title=Justin Trudeau's Camp Application, 1984|last=Grant|first=Hamish|date=January 25, 2007|website=Flickr|access-date=November 20, 2015}}
60. ^{{cite news|title=Trudeau checks his new house|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19791231&id=VZEjAAAAIBAJ&sjid=q6QFAAAAIBAJ&pg=2756,3392239&hl=en|work=The Gazette|location=Montreal|date=December 31, 1979|accessdate=October 28, 2015}}
61. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2014/10/18/justin-trudeau-memoir_n_6008032.html |title=Justin Trudeau Memoir Paints Frank Picture of Privileged But Painful Childhood |work=The Huffington Post |date=October 18, 2014 |first=Joan |last=Bryden |accessdate=October 19, 2014 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020024344/http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2014/10/18/justin-trudeau-memoir_n_6008032.html |archivedate=October 20, 2014 }}
62. ^{{cite news|title=Justin Trudeau on his own terms |url=http://www.macleans.ca/news/canada/on-his-terms |publisher=Maclean's Magazine |date=October 11, 2011 |access-date=November 1, 2015 |first=Jonathan |last=Gatehouse |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023000651/http://www.macleans.ca/news/canada/on-his-terms/ |archivedate=October 23, 2015 }}
63. ^1 {{cite web|last=Solway |first=Diane |url=http://www.wmagazine.com/society/2008/09/justin_trudeau?currentPage=1: |title=The Son Also Rises |publisher=Wmagazine.com |accessdate=April 23, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716193158/http://www.wmagazine.com/society/2008/09/justin_trudeau?currentPage=1%3A |archivedate=July 16, 2011 }}
64. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.taylorstattencamps.com/tsc-history |title=TSC History |website=The Taylor Statten Camps |access-date=October 25, 2015 |quote=Prime Minister Trudeau, a former Ahmek camper himself (and yes, we taught him the "Ahmek J-stroke"), sent Justin, Alexandre (Sasha) and Michel (Mike) to Ahmek. Both Justin and Mike eventually became counsellors. |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151011221832/http://www.taylorstattencamps.com/tsc-history/ |archivedate=October 11, 2015 }}
65. ^{{cite web|url=http://4iiiisphotography.photoshelter.com/gallery/Justin-Trudeau/G00009hbCNuK5mJ4 |title=Justin Trudeau (7 images) |last=Milne |first=Brian |website=4iiiis Photography |access-date=November 20, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106142854/http://4iiiisphotography.photoshelter.com/gallery/Justin-Trudeau/G00009hbCNuK5mJ4 |archivedate=January 6, 2016 }}
66. ^{{cite news|title=Exclusive photo: Justin Trudeau in his days as camp counsellor |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/exclusive-photo-justin-trudeau-in-his-days-as-camp-counsellor/article11443385 |newspaper=The Globe & Mail |date=April 22, 2013 |access-date=October 25, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118025538/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/exclusive-photo-justin-trudeau-in-his-days-as-camp-counsellor/article11443385/ |archivedate=November 18, 2015 }}
67. ^{{cite news|title=Summer campers hold reunion|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=icAyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=je8FAAAAIBAJ&pg=3163%2C92310|newspaper=Ottawa Citizen|agency=The Canadian Press|date=October 21, 1986|accessdate=October 28, 2015}}
68. ^{{cite news|last=McCabe |first=Daniel |date=October 22, 2015 |title=Portrait of the PM-designate as a young man |url=http://publications.mcgill.ca/mcgillnews/2015/10/21/portrait-of-the-pm-designate-as-a-young-man |newspaper=McGill News |accessdate=November 19, 2015 |quote=Trudeau joined the McGill Debating Union at the invitation of a new acquaintance, Butts, then the debating union's vice-president. The two forged a close friendship at McGill that endures today... |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120164221/http://publications.mcgill.ca/mcgillnews/2015/10/21/portrait-of-the-pm-designate-as-a-young-man/ |archivedate=November 20, 2015 }}
69. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.liberal.ca/petitions/stand-with-justin-trudeau-canadian-liberty |title=Canadian Liberty and the Politics of Fear |author=Staff |date=March 10, 2015 |website=Liberal Party of Canada |access-date=November 19, 2015 |quote=You know, I dabbled in the Debating Union at McGill. I even debated Ted Cruz once at a tournament at Yale. He hasn't changed very much. |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120173024/https://www.liberal.ca/petitions/stand-with-justin-trudeau-canadian-liberty/ |archivedate=November 20, 2015 }}
70. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.straight.com/news/568821/vancouver-building-used-be-home-justin-trudeau-damaged-after-ambulance-crashes-limousine |title=Vancouver building that used to be home to Justin Trudeau damaged after ambulance crashes into limousine |last=Smith |first=Charlie |date=November 1, 2015 |access-date=November 9, 2015 |newspaper=The Georgia Straight |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104053446/http://www.straight.com/news/568821/vancouver-building-used-be-home-justin-trudeau-damaged-after-ambulance-crashes-limousine |archivedate=November 4, 2015 }}
71. ^1 2 {{cite news|last1=Raj |first1=Althia |title=Contender: The Justin Trudeau Story |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2013/03/05/contender-justin-trudeau-story-ebook-part-1_n_2782493.html |accessdate=October 23, 2014 |date=March 5, 2013 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150622125650/http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2013/03/05/contender-justin-trudeau-story-ebook-part-1_n_2782493.html |archivedate=June 22, 2015 }}
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73. ^"Justin Trudeau tells education conference he plans return to teaching", Canadian Press, February 28, 2004.
74. ^"Canada Votes 2011: Ridings: Papineau" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221225444/http://www.cbc.ca/news2/politics/canadavotes2011/myelection/ridings/082/ |date=February 21, 2016 }}, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved October 25, 2015.
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77. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jul/02/justin-trudeau-denies-groping-reporter-music-festival-2000-british-columbia|title= Justin Trudeau 'does not remember' groping reporter at festival|publisher=The Guardian|date=July 2, 2018|access-date=July 3, 2018|author=Ashifa Kassam}}
78. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2018/07/02/justin-trudeau-responds-to-groping-allegations-i-dont-remember-any-negative-interactions/?noredirect=on|title= Justin Trudeau responds to groping allegations: 'I don't remember any negative interactions'|author=Rebecca Tan|publisher=The Washington Post|date=July 2, 2018|access-date=July 3, 2018}}
79. ^{{cite news |last1=Urback |first1=Robyn |title=Hypocrisy is at the crux of the Trudeau groping allegation |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/opinion/trudeau-groping-allegation-1.4738492 |accessdate=6 August 2018 |publisher=CBC News |date=8 July 2018}}
80. ^{{cite news |last1=Brown |first1=Drew |title=The Cynical Hypocrisy in the Justin Trudeau Groping Allegation Scandal |url=https://www.vice.com/en_ca/article/7xqpbz/the-cynical-hypocrisy-in-the-justin-trudeau-groping-allegation-scandal |accessdate=6 August 2018 |publisher=Vice.com |date=9 July 2019}}
81. ^{{cite news |last1=Bell |first1=Rick |title=Bell: Trudeau hypocrisy lingers after he exits Calgary |url=https://calgarysun.com/opinion/columnists/bell-trudeau-hypocrisy-lingers-after-he-exits-calgary |accessdate=6 August 2018 |publisher=The Calgary Sun |date=8 July 2018}}
82. ^{{cite news |last1=Kingston |first1=Anne |title=Why Justin Trudeau’s reported ‘Kokanee Grope’ really matters |url=https://www.macleans.ca/news/canada/justin-trudeaus-reported-kokanee-grope-matters-but-not-for-the-obvious-reason/ |accessdate=6 August 2018 |publisher=McLeans |date=27 June 2018}}
83. ^{{cite news |last1=Gunter |first1=Lorne |title=GUNTER: Trudeau responds quite differently when he's the one accused |url=https://torontosun.com/opinion/columnists/gunter-trudeau-responds-quite-differently-when-hes-the-one-accused |accessdate=6 August 2018 |publisher=The Calgary Sun |date=10 July 2018}}
84. ^"Justin Trudeau's eulogy for his father" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106142854/http://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/2000-justin-trudeau-delivers-eulogy-for-his-father-pierre |date=January 6, 2016 }}, CBC News; "Text of the eulogy given by Justin Trudeau at his father's funeral Tuesday", Canadian Press, October 3, 2000.
85. ^Francine Dube, "Son's eulogy moves thousands to tears: 'It's all up to us': Dignitaries, citizens pay last respects to former PM", National Post, October 4, 2000, pg. A1
86. ^Andre Picard and Mark Mickleburgh, "'Je t'aime, papa' THE SON: The very private Justin becomes a very public figure", The Globe and Mail, October 4, 2000, p. A1; Graham Fraser, "Trudeau children lead our farewell – Justin's eulogy a towering tribute at father's funeral", Toronto Star, October 4, 2000, p. 1.
87. ^Tonda MacCharles, "Spotlight on Justin sparks talk of dynasty – Trudeau's final resting place", Toronto Star, October 5, 2000, pg. 1.
88. ^Willa McLean, "This just in ...; CBC broadcaster revisits momentous events of past 50 years", Kitchener-Waterloo Record, February 8, 2003, pg. G3.
89. ^Nos Origines "Genealogy of Canada" IDs 475064 & 647509.
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91. ^{{cite news |last=Hopper |first=Tristin |title='There's so much attention on me': Fathers' legacies loom large for children of Canadian prime ministers |url=http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/10/05/theres-so-much-attention-on-me-fathers-legacies-loom-large-for-children-of-canadian-prime-ministers/ |accessdate=March 2, 2013 |newspaper=National Post |date=October 5, 2012 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20121008074735/http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/10/05/theres-so-much-attention-on-me-fathers-legacies-loom-large-for-children-of-canadian-prime-ministers/ |archivedate=October 8, 2012 |df=mdy-all }}
92. ^{{cite news|last=Newman |first=Peter C. |title=Trudeau's big leap—like father, like son |url=http://www2.macleans.ca/2012/09/18/trudeaus-big-leap |accessdate=March 2, 2013 |newspaper=Maclean's Magazine |date=September 18, 2012 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130304230004/http://www2.macleans.ca/2012/09/18/trudeaus-big-leap/ |archivedate=March 4, 2013 }}
93. ^{{cite news|last=Stetski |first=Wayne |title=The Kokanee Glacier Alpine Campaign |url=http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/bcparks/publications/visions/visions_apr01.pdf |accessdate=April 18, 2013 |newspaper=Visions BC Parks Newsletter |date=April 2001 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927181723/http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/bcparks/publications/visions/visions_apr01.pdf |archivedate=September 27, 2013 }}
94. ^Carol Harrington, "Trudeau takes on B.C. – Son of late PM decries cuts to public avalanche bulletins", Toronto Star, January 12, 2002, A24.
95. ^Kate Jaimet, "Trudeau retains '60s ideals: Lauds Katimavik's promotion of social causes", Calgary Herald, November 3, 2002, pg. A6
96. ^Jen Gerson, "Captain Katimavik; Justin Trudeau comes to town to promote youth volunteer program, look cool", Toronto Star, March 21, 2006, pg. C4.
97. ^"CBC Radio picks five books for second round of Canada Reads series", Canadian Press, November 19, 2002.
98. ^"Bookmark your calendar: Canada Book Week turns the page on Canada Book Day", Calgary Herald, April 22, 2003, pg. B13.
99. ^{{cite news|title=Peace and Conflict Studies Centre Named for Trudeau |url=http://www.magazine.utoronto.ca/life-on-campus/peace-and-conflict-studies-centre-named-for-trudeau |accessdate=April 19, 2013 |publisher=University of Toronto Magazine |year=2004 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728025751/http://www.magazine.utoronto.ca/life-on-campus/peace-and-conflict-studies-centre-named-for-trudeau/ |archivedate=July 28, 2013 }}
100. ^{{cite news|title=Justin Trudeau to host glitzy Giller prize gala|newspaper=Kitchener-Waterloo Record|date=October 27, 2006|page=D12}}
101. ^{{cite news|last=Beltrame |first=Julian |title=Justin Trudeau says lofty expectations have always followed him |url=http://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/justin-trudeau-says-lofty-expectations-have-always-followed-him-1.1237627 |accessdate=April 19, 2013 |publisher=CTV News |date=April 24, 2013 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130418061126/http://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/justin-trudeau-says-lofty-expectations-have-always-followed-him-1.1237627 |archivedate=April 18, 2013 }}
102. ^{{cite news|last=Bueckert|first=Dennis|title=Justin Trudeau denounces mine near park his father created: Vancouver company wants to build massive mine with access through Nahanni watershed|newspaper=The Vancouver Sun|date=May 16, 2005|page=D10}}
103. ^{{cite news|last=Trudeau|first=Justin|title=We hold the Nahanni in trust for the world. Let's protect it|url=http://m.theglobeandmail.com/commentary/we-hold-the-nahanni-in-trust-for-the-world-lets-protect-it/article4180594/?service=mobile|accessdate=April 19, 2013|newspaper=The Globe and Mail}}
104. ^{{cite news|title=Dallaire wants to mobilize young Canadians to support Darfur intervention|agency=The Canadian Press|date=September 13, 2006}}
105. ^{{cite news|title=Trudeau, Dallaire to lead Darfur rally|newspaper=Toronto Star|date=September 17, 2006|page=A06}}
106. ^{{cite news |last=Javed |first=Noor |title=Dallaire says Canada should take leadership role in Darfur |url=http://cnews.canoe.ca/CNEWS/Canada/2006/09/18/1857216.html |accessdate=April 19, 2013 |newspaper=CNews |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20130628045330/http://cnews.canoe.ca/CNEWS/Canada/2006/09/18/1857216.html |archivedate=June 28, 2013 |df=mdy-all }}
107. ^Patricia Poirier, "Trudeau's son offers his support to Turner", The Globe and Mail, September 16, 1988, pg. A8.
108. ^Jane Taber, "A teacher of drama, a riveting moment", National Post, October 4, 2000, pg. A3.
109. ^{{cite news|title=Chrétien bids adieu to a lifetime in politics|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/story/2003/11/13/chretiengoodbye031112.html|accessdate=September 28, 2012|publisher=CBC News|date=November 14, 2003}}
110. ^Juliet O'Neill, "Justin Trudeau to spearhead youth renewal of Liberal party: Task force", National Post, April 7, 2006, p. A1
111. ^{{cite news|last=Gordon|first=Sean|title=Sounding like his father, Justin Trudeau takes aim at Michael Ignatieff's idea of Quebec as a 'nation'|newspaper=Toronto Star|date=October 27, 2006|page=A01}}
112. ^{{cite news|last=Perreaux|first=Les|title=Eldest Trudeau son takes poke at Ignatieff stand, nationalism: 'Unfortunately, some people these days are wrapped up in this idea of nation for Quebec'|newspaper=The Gazette|location=Montreal|date=October 27, 2006|page=A12}}
113. ^{{cite news|last=Macpherson|first=Son|title=Pass the peanut butter, it looks like Ignatieff is toast: His 'nationhood' proposal has stirred political heavies to line up against him|newspaper=The Gazette|location=Montreal|date=November 2, 2006|page=A23}}
114. ^{{cite news|last=Thompson|first=Elizabeth|title=Ignatieff lacks 'wisdom' to lead: Justin Trudeau: Says Gerard Kennedy deserves closer look|newspaper=The Gazette|location=Montreal|date=November 15, 2006|page=A14}}
115. ^{{cite news|last=Coyne |first=Andrew |author-link=Andrew Coyne |title=Kennedy's message is bold, but risky |url=http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/story.html?id=702673aa-fed1-4cfb-af94-3ed54d57a57d&k=63212&p=1 |accessdate=September 29, 2012 |newspaper=National Post |date=December 2, 2006 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140614071015/http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/story.html?id=702673aa-fed1-4cfb-af94-3ed54d57a57d&k=63212&p=1 |archivedate=June 14, 2014 }}
116. ^Robert Benzie, "All the right moves for Kennedy; 'Kingmaker' becomes Dion's heir apparent", Toronto Star, December 3, 2006, A07.
117. ^{{cite news |last=Corrigan |first=Ed |title=Liberals Elect Stephan Dion |url=http://www.agoracosmopolitan.com/home/Frontpage/2006/12/19/01277.html |accessdate=September 29, 2012 |newspaper=The Canadian |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120518041406/http://www.agoracosmopolitan.com/home/Frontpage/2006/12/19/01277.html |archivedate=May 18, 2012 |df=mdy-all }}
118. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20070111/jean_lapierre_070111/20070111?hub=QPeriod |title=Quebec Liberal MP Jean Lapierre to resign |publisher=CTV News |date=January 11, 2007 |accessdate=April 23, 2011 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205142958/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20070111/jean_lapierre_070111/20070111?hub=QPeriod |archivedate=December 5, 2008 }}
119. ^{{cite news|title=Will Justin Trudeau run for Parliament MP? |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/2007/01/10/will_justin_trudeau_run_for_parliament_mp.html |accessdate=April 21, 2013 |newspaper=Toronto Star |first=Sean |last=Gordon |author2=Susan Delacourt |date=January 10, 2007 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140504072305/http://www.thestar.com/news/2007/01/10/will_justin_trudeau_run_for_parliament_mp.html |archivedate=May 4, 2014 }}
120. ^{{cite news|last=Taber|first=Jane|title=Liberals welcome Trudeau, bid adieu to Graham|newspaper=The Globe and Mail|date=February 23, 2007|page=A1}}
121. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/spotlight-on-montreal-ridings-papineau-1.3243312 |title=Spotlight on Montreal ridings: Papineau |publisher=CBC News |date=September 25, 2015 |accessdate=November 21, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121153622/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/spotlight-on-montreal-ridings-papineau-1.3243312 |archivedate=November 21, 2015 }}
122. ^{{cite news|last=Woods |first=Allan |title=Trudeau wins nomination |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/2007/04/30/trudeau_wins_nomination.html |accessdate=April 19, 2013 |newspaper=Toronto Star |date=April 30, 2007 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140504071105/http://www.thestar.com/news/2007/04/30/trudeau_wins_nomination.html |archivedate=May 4, 2014 }}
123. ^{{cite news|title=Trudeau pledges loyalty to constituents after Papineau win|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/story/2008/10/14/mtl-papineauelection1014.html?ref=rss|accessdate=April 18, 2013|publisher=CBC News|date=October 15, 2008}}
124. ^{{cite news|last=Hebert |first=Chantal |title=Trudeau looking lonely on left |url=https://www.thestar.com/opinion/columnists/2009/02/27/trudeau_looking_lonely_on_left.html |accessdate=April 21, 2013 |newspaper=Toronto Star |date=February 27, 2007 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426235103/http://www.thestar.com/opinion/columnists/2009/02/27/trudeau_looking_lonely_on_left.html |archivedate=April 26, 2014 }}
125. ^Jane Taber, "Vancouver to host a Liberal love-in; the knives are to be left at home", The Globe and Mail, April 25, 2009, A4; Terry Pedwell, "Liberals won't change strategy, despite polls, say MPs", October 6, 2009, 12:06.
126. ^"Michael Ignatieff Announces Liberal Critic Team for Return of Parliament", States News Service, September 7, 2010.
127. ^Douglas Quan and Norma Greenway, "Feds target human smugglers in legislation", Windsor Star, October 22, 2010, pg. C1.
128. ^{{citenews|url=http://news.nationalpost.com/news/Canada/justin-trudeau-promises-to-make-it-right-pat-back-hefty-speaking-fees |title= Justin Trudeau promises to 'make it right,' pay back charities for his hefty speaking fees |work= The National Post |author= Joan Bryden |date= June 16, 2013}}
129. ^{{citenews |url= https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/National/trudeau-to-offer-return-of-200000-speaking-fee/article12588572/ |title= Trudeau offers to reimburse organizations $20,000 for speeches |work= The Globe and Mail |date= June 16, 2013 }}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
130. ^"Liberals rally for immediate action in Haiti", State News Service, January 13, 2010; "Liberal MP wants immigration rules relaxed for Haitians", Canada AM, January 22, 2010.
131. ^"Trudeau won't rule out bid for party leadership", Ottawa Citizen, May 5, 2011, pg. A3
132. ^Susan Delacourt, "Is the party over? Canada's 'natural governing party' faces difficult questions after Monday's shellacking", Toronto Star, May 7, 2011, IN1.
133. ^{{cite news|title=Trudeau – again? |url=http://www.thespec.com/opinion/editorial/article/564463--trudeau-again |accessdate=June 9, 2012 |newspaper=Hamilton Spectator |date=June 17, 2011 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110921151235/http://www.thespec.com/opinion/editorial/article/564463--trudeau-again |archivedate=September 21, 2011 }}
134. ^{{cite news|title=Justin Trudeau pumps up St. John's Liberal fundraiser |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/story/2012/05/03/nl-justin-trudeau-fundraiser-503.html |accessdate=June 9, 2012 |publisher=CBC News |date=May 3, 2012 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120615080523/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/story/2012/05/03/nl-justin-trudeau-fundraiser-503.html |archivedate=June 15, 2012 }}
135. ^{{cite news|title=Trudeau to speak at local scholarship fundraiser |url=http://www.northernlife.ca/news/localNews/2012/04/17-justin-tudeau-guest-speaker-sudbury.aspx |accessdate=June 9, 2012 |newspaper=Northern Life |date=April 17, 2012 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225210343/http://www.northernlife.ca/news/localNews/2012/04/17-justin-tudeau-guest-speaker-sudbury.aspx |archivedate=December 25, 2014 }}
136. ^{{cite web|title=Lawrence MacAulay Fundraising Dinner with Justin Trudeau |url=http://events.liberal.ca/Event/lawrence-macaulay-fundraising-dinner-with-justin-trudeau.aspx?Lang=en |publisher=Liberal Party of Canada |accessdate=June 9, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100806223758/http://events.liberal.ca/Event/lawrence-macaulay-fundraising-dinner-with-justin-trudeau.aspx?Lang=en |archivedate=August 6, 2010 }}
137. ^{{cite web|title=By-election fundraiser with Justin Trudeau |url=http://www.liberalcalgary.ca/node/153 |publisher=Liberal Calgary |accessdate=June 9, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630014520/http://www.liberalcalgary.ca/node/153 |archivedate=June 30, 2012 }}
138. ^1 {{cite news |title=Justin Trudeau scores major upset in Fight for the Cure boxing match over Conservative Senator Patrick Brazeau |authors=Robert Hiltz and Michael den Tandt |url=http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/03/31/justin-trudeau-boxing |work=National Post |date=April 1, 2012 |accessdate=April 4, 2013 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20120401200713/http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/03/31/justin-trudeau-boxing/ |archivedate=April 1, 2012 |df=mdy-all }}
139. ^{{cite news|title=Meet Stefania Capovilla, the hairstylist behind these Parliament Hill 'dos |last=Blaze Carlson |first=Kathryn |url=http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/meet-stefania-capovilla-the-hairstylist-behind-these-parliament-hill-dos |work=National Post |date=May 9, 2012 |accessdate=November 3, 2015 |quote=Mr. Trudeau had, while sitting in her Somerset salon, lamented his inability to find a formidable Conservative opponent. Ms. Capovilla, who is a stylist for the SunNewsNetwork, recalled the conversation as she did Mr. Brazeau's make-up before an on-camera interview about aboriginal policy. She looked down, saw "those arms," and asked if he would square off against her Liberal friend. |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20160105040359/http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/meet-stefania-capovilla-the-hairstylist-behind-these-parliament-hill-dos |archivedate=January 5, 2016 }}
140. ^{{cite news|title=Trudeau declines Brazeau boxing rematch as debt paid |first=John |last=Size |url=http://www.ctvnews.ca/trudeau-declines-brazeau-boxing-rematch-as-debt-paid-1.790948 |publisher=CTV News |date=April 2, 2012 |accessdate=April 4, 2013 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220215459/http://www.ctvnews.ca/trudeau-declines-brazeau-boxing-rematch-as-debt-paid-1.790948 |archivedate=December 20, 2013 }}
141. ^{{cite news|title=Canadians want Trudeau as next Liberal leader |url=http://www.canada.com/calgaryherald/news/story.html?id=ac33a9de-1ebc-47c7-960a-43df367acd07 |accessdate=June 9, 2012 |newspaper=Calgary Herald |date=October 29, 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426140534/http://www.canada.com/calgaryherald/news/story.html?id=ac33a9de-1ebc-47c7-960a-43df367acd07 |archivedate=April 26, 2014 }}
142. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.canada.com/topics/news/story.html?id=9b14c1bf-e87a-40a6-8053-564930d09ed9 |title=Canadians prefer Trudeau: Poll shows young heir is top pick to replace Dion |publisher=canada.com |date=October 28, 2008 |accessdate=April 23, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105100457/http://www.canada.com/topics/news/story.html?id=9b14c1bf-e87a-40a6-8053-564930d09ed9 |archivedate=November 5, 2012 }}
143. ^{{cite news|title=Ignatieff secures Liberal leadership as Rae bows out |url=http://www.paherald.sk.ca/Politics/2008-12-09/article-172596/Ignatieff-secures-Liberal-leadership-as-Rae-bows-out/1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116115543/http://www.paherald.sk.ca/Politics/2008-12-09/article-172596/Ignatieff-secures-Liberal-leadership-as-Rae-bows-out/1 |dead-url=yes |archive-date=January 16, 2014 |accessdate=June 9, 2012 |agency=The Canadian Press |date=December 9, 2008 }}
144. ^{{cite news|title=Liberals field questions about future leaders |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/story/2011/05/04/pol-liberals-leader.html |accessdate=June 9, 2012 |publisher=CBC News |date=May 4, 2011 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110825084032/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/story/2011/05/04/pol-liberals-leader.html |archivedate=August 25, 2011}}
145. ^{{cite news|title=Trudeau undecided on Liberal leadership bid|url=https://lfpress.com/news/decision2011/2011/05/04/18103526.html|accessdate=June 9, 2012|newspaper=IFpress|date=May 4, 2011}}
146. ^{{cite news|title=Trudeau rules out Liberal leadership bid in 2013 |url=http://www.therecord.com/news-story/2588487-trudeau-rules-out-liberal-leadership-bid-in-2013 |last=Hicks |first=Jeff |date=October 12, 2013 |newspaper=Waterloo Region Record |accessdate=November 21, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106142858/http://www.therecord.com/news-story/2588487-trudeau-rules-out-liberal-leadership-bid-in-2013/ |archivedate=January 6, 2016 }}
147. ^{{cite news |last=Bryden |first=Joan |title=Justin Trudeau hit with 'tsunami' of calls to run for Liberals since Bob Rae's withdrawal |url=http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/06/15/justin-trudeau-hit-with-tsunami-of-calls-to-run-for-liberals-since-bob-raes-withdrawal |accessdate=June 9, 2012 |newspaper=National Post |date=June 15, 2012 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20120618132013/http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/06/15/justin-trudeau-hit-with-tsunami-of-calls-to-run-for-liberals-since-bob-raes-withdrawal/ |archivedate=June 18, 2012 |df=mdy-all }}
148. ^{{cite news|last=Goldstein|first=Lorrie|title=We're Justin love|url=http://www.torontosun.com/2012/06/27/were-justin-love|accessdate=June 9, 2012|newspaper=Toronto Sun|date=June 27, 2012}}
149. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/justin-trudeau-at-stampede-mulls-liberal-leadership-run-1.1153809 |title=Justin Trudeau at Stampede mulls Liberal leadership run |agency=The Canadian Press |publisher=CBC News |date=June 7, 2012 |accessdate=November 21, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121125459/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/justin-trudeau-at-stampede-mulls-liberal-leadership-run-1.1153809 |archivedate=November 21, 2015 }}
150. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2012/05/04/hbert_is_justin_trudeau_the_liberals_salvation.html |title=Hébert: Is Justin Trudeau the Liberals’ salvation? |work=Toronto Star |date=May 4, 2012 |accessdate=November 21, 2015 |author=Hébert, Chantal |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121133504/http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2012/05/04/hbert_is_justin_trudeau_the_liberals_salvation.html |archivedate=November 21, 2015}}
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152. ^{{cite news|title=Justin Trudeau to seek Liberal leadership |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/ottawa-notebook/justin-trudeau-to-seek-liberal-leadership-reports/article4568675 |accessdate=September 28, 2012 |newspaper=The Globe and Mail |date=September 26, 2012 |location=Toronto |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120930005644/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/ottawa-notebook/justin-trudeau-to-seek-liberal-leadership-reports/article4568675/ |archivedate=September 30, 2012 }}
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154. ^{{cite news|last=Caplan |first=Gerald |title=Is Justin Trudeau really taken seriously by his own party? |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/second-reading/is-justin-trudeau-really-taken-seriously-by-his-own-party/article4575515/ |accessdate=October 1, 2012 |newspaper=The Globe and Mail |date=September 28, 2012 |location=Toronto |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121001034649/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/second-reading/is-justin-trudeau-really-taken-seriously-by-his-own-party/article4575515/ |archivedate=October 1, 2012 }}
155. ^{{cite news|last=Berthiaume |first=Lee |title=Justin Trudeau's good looks expected to cover up other weaknesses |url=http://o.canada.com/2012/09/28/0929-trudeau-looks/ |accessdate=October 1, 2012 |publisher=Canada.com |date=September 28, 2012 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120930033518/http://o.canada.com/2012/09/28/0929-trudeau-looks/ |archivedate=September 30, 2012 }}
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210. ^{{cite web|title=Justin Trudeau wants to legalize marijuana in order to 'keep it out of the hands of our kids' |url=http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/canadian-politics/justin-trudeau-wants-to-legalize-marijuana-in-order-to-keep-it-out-of-the-hands-of-our-kids |date=June 24, 2013 |work=National Post |accessdate=November 21, 2015 }}
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225. ^Prime Minister Justin Trudeau Explains Importance of Gender Parity With 3-Word Answer {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151108193218/http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2015/11/04/justin-trudeau-gender-parity-because-it-s-2015_n_8474386.html?ir=World |date=November 8, 2015 }} – The Huffington Post Canada
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262. ^{{cite web |title=Matt Gurney: Mr. Trudeau has the right to bring the jets home. But why is he? |url=http://news.nationalpost.com/full-comment/matt-gurney-mr-trudeau-has-the-right-to-bring-the-jets-home-but-why-is-he |first=Matt |last=Gurney |date=October 22, 2015 |accessdate=October 24, 2015 |work=National Post |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20151120072115/http://news.nationalpost.com/full-comment/matt-gurney-mr-trudeau-has-the-right-to-bring-the-jets-home-but-why-is-he |archivedate=November 20, 2015 |df=mdy-all }}
263. ^{{cite news|title=Trudeau pulls jets out from coalition against ISIS to mixed reviews |url=http://www.cbc.ca/radio/thecurrent/the-current-for-october-23-2015-1.3285264/trudeau-pulls-jets-out-from-coalition-against-isis-to-mixed-reviews-1.3285292 |authors=Lara O'Brien and Marc Apollonio. |date=October 23, 2015 |accessdate=October 24, 2015 |publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026184732/http://www.cbc.ca/radio/thecurrent/the-current-for-october-23-2015-1.3285264/trudeau-pulls-jets-out-from-coalition-against-isis-to-mixed-reviews-1.3285292 |archivedate=October 26, 2015 }}
264. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2015/11/13/end-combat-mission-in-iraq-and-syria-trudeau-orders-defence-minister.html |title=End combat mission in Iraq and Syria, Trudeau orders defence minister |agency=The Canadian Press |work=Toronto Star |date=November 13, 2015 |accessdate=November 13, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114132621/http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2015/11/13/end-combat-mission-in-iraq-and-syria-trudeau-orders-defence-minister.html |archivedate=November 14, 2015 }}
265. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-trudeau-obama-apec-g20-1.3319142 |title=Trudeau faces fiery foreign policy debut amid Paris attacks and G20 |publisher=CBC News |date=November 14, 2015 |accessdate=November 21, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122055503/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-trudeau-obama-apec-g20-1.3319142 |archivedate=November 22, 2015 }}
266. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-debate/after-paris-attacks-trudeaus-soft-power-already-under-fire/article27264347 |title=After Paris attacks, Trudeau's soft power already under fire |work=The Globe and Mail |date=November 14, 2015 |accessdate=November 20, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120120117/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-debate/after-paris-attacks-trudeaus-soft-power-already-under-fire/article27264347/ |archivedate=November 20, 2015 }}
267. ^{{cite web|url=http://ca.reuters.com/article/topNews/idCAKCN0T305W20151114 |title=After Paris attacks, Trudeau mulls Canada military policy |agency=Reuters Canada |date=November 13, 2015 |accessdate=November 20, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117021429/http://ca.reuters.com/article/topNews/idCAKCN0T305W20151114 |archivedate=November 17, 2015 }}
268. ^{{cite news|title=Conservative motion to label ISIS actions genocide fails as Liberals vote against |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/isis-genocide-tory-motion-1.3635632 |accessdate=June 16, 2016 |publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160615075614/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/isis-genocide-tory-motion-1.3635632 |archivedate=June 15, 2016 }}
269. ^{{cite news|title=Liberals Agree ISIS Actions Constitute Genocide After UN Report |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2016/06/16/un-isis-genocide_n_10509594.html |accessdate=June 16, 2016 |work=Huffington Post |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617162105/http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2016/06/16/un-isis-genocide_n_10509594.html |archivedate=June 17, 2016 }}
270. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/saudi-arms-deal-breaks-canadas-export-controls-opponents-argue/article29769283/ |title=Human rights groups ask Trudeau to end 'immoral' arms deal with Saudi Arabia |work=The Globe and Mail |date=April 27, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918191624/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/saudi-arms-deal-breaks-canadas-export-controls-opponents-argue/article29769283/ |archivedate=September 18, 2016 }}
271. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/2038660-canadas-mistaken-arms-sale-to-saudi-arabia/ |title=Canada's Mistaken Arms Sale to Saudi Arabia |work=Epoch Times |date=April 25, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924072304/http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/2038660-canadas-mistaken-arms-sale-to-saudi-arabia/ |archivedate=September 24, 2016 }}
272. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/26/world/americas/justin-trudeau-fidel-castro.html|title=Justin Trudeau Criticized for Praising Fidel Castro as ‘Remarkable Leader’|last=Stack|first=Liam|date=2016-11-26|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331}}
273. ^{{cite news|last1=Gillies |first1=Rob |title=Trudeau says Canada will take refugees banned by U.S. |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/trudeau-canada-refugees-banned-u-s/ |accessdate=March 8, 2017 |work=PBS NewsHour |date=January 28, 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170307230538/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/trudeau-canada-refugees-banned-u-s/ |archivedate=March 7, 2017 }}
274. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2018/08/05/saudi-arabia-to-expel-canadian-ambassador-and-freeze-trade-in-human-rights-dispute.html|title=Saudi Arabia expels Canadian ambassador, freezes trade in human rights dispute|author=Jon Gambrell|publisher=The Associated Press|website=Toronto Star|date=5 August 2018}}
275. ^{{cite news |title='We don't have a single friend': Canadas Saudi spat reveals country is alone |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/aug/11/canada-saudi-arabia-support-us |work=The Guardian |date=August 11, 2018}}
276. ^{{cite news |title=Trudeau says he is open to reconsidering Suu Kyi's honorary citizenship |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-parliament-could-reconsider-suu-kyis-honorary-citizenship-over/ |work=The Globe and Mail |date=26 September 2018}}
277. ^{{cite news |title=Canada strips Aung San Suu Kyi of honorary citizenship |url=https://www.dw.com/en/canada-strips-aung-san-suu-kyi-of-honorary-citizenship/a-45665877 |work=Deutsche Welle |date=28 September 2018}}
278. ^{{cite news |title=Trudeau's dilemma: how to be tough on Saudi Arabia and save jobs |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-khashoggi-canada-arms/trudeaus-dilemma-how-to-be-tough-on-saudi-arabia-and-save-jobs-idUSKCN1N65FV |work=Reuters |date=1 November 2018}}
279. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/justin-trudeau-and-sophie-gregoire-required-reading-on-the-firstfamily/article26950165 |title=JUSTIN AND SOPHIE: THE FAMILY ALBUM |work=The Globe and Mail |date=October 30, 2015 |accessdate=November 20, 2015 |author=Annett, Evan |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122055943/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/justin-trudeau-and-sophie-gregoire-required-reading-on-the-firstfamily/article26950165/ |archivedate=November 22, 2015 }}
280. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/story/2005/05/28/trudeau-nuptials050528.html |title=Justin Trudeau weds |accessdate=August 23, 2013 |date=May 30, 2005 |publisher=CBC News |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523050836/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/story/2005/05/28/trudeau-nuptials050528.html |archivedate=May 23, 2013 }}
281. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/2007/10/19/trudeau_clan_adds_baby_xavier_to_its_ranks.html |title=Trudeau clan adds baby Xavier to its ranks |accessdate=August 23, 2013 |date=October 19, 2007 |work=Toronto Star |first=Sean |last=Gordon |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005222501/http://www.thestar.com/news/2007/10/19/trudeau_clan_adds_baby_xavier_to_its_ranks.html |archivedate=October 5, 2013 }}
282. ^{{cite news|title=Justin and Sophie Trudeau Welcome Daughter Ella-Grace |url=http://celebritybabies.people.com/2009/02/07/justin-and-sophie-trudeau-welcome-daughter-ella-grace |accessdate=August 23, 2013 |work=People |date=February 7, 2009 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005224016/http://celebritybabies.people.com/2009/02/07/justin-and-sophie-trudeau-welcome-daughter-ella-grace/ |archivedate=October 5, 2013 }}
283. ^{{cite news|title=Justin Trudeau, Sophie Gregoire welcome baby girl |url=http://www.ctvnews.ca/justin-trudeau-sophie-gregoire-welcome-baby-girl-1.367531 |accessdate=April 17, 2013 |publisher=CTV News |date=February 5, 2009 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130503171156/http://www.ctvnews.ca/justin-trudeau-sophie-gregoire-welcome-baby-girl-1.367531 |archivedate=May 3, 2013 }}
284. ^{{cite web|url=https://montrealgazette.com/news/national/Justin+Trudeau+welcomes+birth+third+child+baby+Hadrian/9563426/story.html|archive-url=https://archive.is/20140228162915/http://www.montrealgazette.com/news/national/Justin+Trudeau+welcomes+birth+third+child+baby+Hadrian/9563426/story.html|dead-url=yes|archive-date=February 28, 2014|work=The Gazette|location=Montreal|title=Justin Trudeau announces birth of third child, Hadrien|date=February 28, 2014|accessdate=February 28, 2014}}
285. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2014/03/13/thats_hadrien_trudeau_new_baby_new_spelling.html |work=Toronto Star |title=That's Hadrien Trudeau: new baby, new spelling |date=March 13, 2014 |accessdate=March 15, 2014 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140314133911/http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2014/03/13/thats_hadrien_trudeau_new_baby_new_spelling.html |archivedate=March 14, 2014 }}
286. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/justin-trudeau-moves-family-to-his-childhood-stomping-grounds-in-ottawa |title=Justin Trudeau moves family to his childhood stomping grounds in Ottawa |work=National Post |date=August 9, 2013 |accessdate=November 20, 2015 |author=McGregor, Glen |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20160105040314/http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/justin-trudeau-moves-family-to-his-childhood-stomping-grounds-in-ottawa |archivedate=January 5, 2016 }}
287. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/break-in-at-justin-trudeaus-home-the-latest-in-long-line-of-security-breaches-involving-canadian-politicians |title=Break-in at Justin Trudeau's home the latest in long-line of security breaches involving Canadian politicians |work=National Post |date=August 18, 2014 |accessdate=January 31, 2016 }}
288. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.torontosun.com/2015/10/26/justin-trudeau-and-family-to-live-in-rideau-cottage-not-24-sussex|title=Justin Trudeau and family to live in Rideau Cottage, not 24 Sussex|agency=The Canadian Press|work=Ottawa Sun|date=October 26, 2015|accessdate=November 20, 2015}}
289. ^{{cite web|first=Anna |last=Friedman |title=Justin Trudeau Joins the Ranks of the World's Tattooed Leaders |date=October 20, 2015 |publisher=tattoohistorian.com |url=http://tattoohistorian.com/2015/10/20/justin-trudeau-joins-the-ranks-of-the-worlds-tattooed-leaders |accessdate=November 14, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117022817/http://tattoohistorian.com/2015/10/20/justin-trudeau-joins-the-ranks-of-the-worlds-tattooed-leaders/ |archivedate=November 17, 2015 }}
290. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/haida-leaders-proud-of-justin-trudeaus-stylized-raven-tattoo |title=Haida leaders 'proud' of Justin Trudeau's stylized raven tattoo |work=National Post |date=October 22, 2015 |accessdate=November 20, 2015 |author=Hopper, Tristin |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20160105040328/http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/haida-leaders-proud-of-justin-trudeaus-stylized-raven-tattoo |archivedate=January 5, 2016 }}
291. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.macleans.ca/politics/ottawa/skin-deep-the-awkwardness-of-justin-trudeaus-haida-tattoo/|title=Skin-deep: The awkwardness of Justin Trudeau’s Haida tattoo|last=Macdonald|first=Nancy|date=October 27, 2016|website=Macleans|access-date=August 20, 2018}}
292. ^{{cite news|last=Mas |first=Susana |title=Justin Trudeau memoir: 7 surprising revelations from Common Ground |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/justin-trudeau-memoir-7-surprising-revelations-from-common-ground-1.2805502 |publisher=CBC News |date=October 20, 2014 |access-date=October 22, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022182156/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/justin-trudeau-memoir-7-surprising-revelations-from-common-ground-1.2805502 |archivedate=October 22, 2015 }}
293. ^{{cite book|last1=Derfler|first1=Leslie|title=Political Resurrection in the Twentieth Century: The Fall and Rise of Political Leaders|date=2012|publisher=Springer|isbn=9781137027863|page=185|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=x8c1F0yMcqQC&pg=PA185|accessdate=December 19, 2017|language=en}}
294. ^1 2 {{cite news|first=John |last=Longhurst |title=PM's faith has evolved with age – Trudeau's beliefs in social justice, abortion rights attract some, alienate others |url=http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/arts-and-life/life/faith/pms-faith-has-evolved-with-age-348375211.html |newspaper=Winnipeg Free Press |agency=Associated Press |accessdate=November 23, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124123301/http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/arts-and-life/life/faith/pms-faith-has-evolved-with-age-348375211.html |archivedate=November 24, 2015 }}
295. ^{{cite news|title=Justin Trudeau upset Tory MP questioned his faith|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/justin-trudeau-upset-tory-mp-questioned-his-faith-1.1017541|accessdate=December 19, 2017|work=CBC News|date=November 3, 2011|language=en}}
296. ^{{cite web|last1=The Office of the Secretary to the Governor|title=The Diamond Jubilee Medal awarded to Justin Trudeau, M.P.|url=http://gg.ca/honour.aspx?id=1298&t=13&ln=Trudeau|website=Website of the Governor General of Canada|language=en}}
297. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.ed.ac.uk/news/2017/canadian-pm-trudeau-receives-honorary-degree|title=Canadian PM Justin Trudeau receives honorary degree|work=The University of Edinburgh|access-date=July 6, 2018|language=en}}
298. ^{{Citation|last=Global News|title=Justin Trudeau receives honourary degree from University of Edinburgh|date=July 5, 2017|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=veMI-Xw0ji8|access-date=July 6, 2018}}
299. ^{{Citation|last=CBC News|title=Justin Trudeau's full commencement speech to NYU graduates|date=May 16, 2018|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vs6jok1vplA|access-date=July 6, 2018}}
300. ^{{cite web |title=2018 Honorees,Honorary Degrees & Speakers |url=https://www.nyu.edu/life/events-traditions/commencement/all-university-commencement/honorary-degrees-speakers.html |website=www.nyu.edu}}

External links

{{Spoken Wikipedia|Justin_Trudeau_Recorded_by_Viktor_O_Ledenyov.ogg|2016-02-22}}{{sisterlinks|collapsible=collapsed|d=Q3099714|commons=category:Justin Trudeau|n=category:Justin Trudeau|b=no|v=no|voy=no|mw=no|species=no|m=no|wikt=no|s=no}}
  • {{Official website|https://pm.gc.ca/}}
  • [https://www.liberal.ca/rt-hon-justin-trudeau/ Liberal Party of Canada profile]
  • {{Canadian Parliament links|ID=17300}}
  • [https://www.ourcommons.ca/Parliamentarians/en/members/Justin-Trudeau(58733) House of Commons profile]
  • {{C-SPAN|Justin Trudeau}}
{{Justin Trudeau}}{{Navboxes
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{{small|When in Canada}}}}{{s-ttl|rows=2|title=Order of Precedence of Canada
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