| 词条 | Janet Sobel |
| 释义 |
| name = Janet Sobel | image = Photo of Janet Sobel.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birth_name = Jennie Olechovsky | birth_date = May 31, 1893 | birth_place = Ukraine | death_date = {{Death year and age|1968|1894}} | death_place = Plainfield, New Jersey | nationality = Ukrainian, American | education = No formal artistic education | field = Painting | training = None | movement = Abstract Expressionism | works = Pro and Contra (1941), Through the Glass (1944), Milky Way (1945) | patrons = | awards = | spouse = Max Sobel }}Janet Sobel (1893–1968) was a Ukrainian-American Abstract Expressionist whose career started mid-life, at age 45 . Even with an artistic career as brief as hers, Sobel is the first artist to use the drip painting technique which directly influenced Jackson Pollock.[1] Early lifeJanet Sobel was born as Jennie Olechovsky in 1893 in Ukraine. Her father, Baruch Olechovsky,[2] was killed in a Russian pogrom. Sobel along with her mother, Fannie Kinchuk, and siblings moved to Ellis Island in New York City in 1908.[2] At 17, she married Max Sobel and was a mother of four when she began painting in 1937. Sobel became a known suburban artist housewife that inspired the feminist conversation around domestic roles of women. She produced both non-objective abstractions and figurative art CareerSome of her work is curiously related to the so-called "drip paintings" of Jackson Pollock.[3] Peggy Guggenheim included Sobel's work in her The Art of This Century Gallery in 1945. The critic Clement Greenberg, with Jackson Pollock, saw Sobel's work there in 1946,[4] and in his essay "'American-Type' Painting" cited those works as the first instance of all-over painting he had seen. Her art evolved from recognizable figures to a more abstract style of paint dripping.[5] {{quote|Returning to Pollock: one might see how, in his tacit assumption of the position of the woman—the decentered and the voiceless, the one who flows uncontrollably, the one who figures the void and the unconscious—he remained on some level, a man using his masculine authority to appropriate a feminine space. In fact, one woman had tried to articulate that space before Pollock did, in a similar way—not Krasner but Janet Sobel, who made poured, all-over compositions that unmistakably made an impact on Pollock. Greenberg recalls, Pollock (and I myself) admired [Sobel's] pictures rather furtively" at the Art of This Century gallery in 1944; "The effect—and it was the first really 'all-over' one that I had ever seen ... —was strangely pleasing. Later on, Pollock admitted that these pictures had made an impression on him. When Sobel is mentioned at all in accounts of Pollock's development, however, she is generally described and so discredited as a "housewife," or amateur, a stratagem that preserves Pollock's status as the unique progenitor, both mother and father of his art, a figure overflowing not only with semen but with amniotic fluid.[6]}}Her belief in the ethics of self-realization in a democracy led to her encounter with philosopher John Dewey. Dewey championed Sobel by writing about her in a catalogue statement at the Puma Gallery in New York in 1944. In this catalogue he states: Her work is extraordinarily free from inventiveness and from self-consciousness and pretense. One can believe that to an unusual degree her forms and colors well up from a subconsciousness that is richly stored with sensitive impressions received directly from contact with nature, impressions which have been reorganized in figures in which color and form are happily wed[7] Sobel used music for inspiration and stimulation of her feelings into her canvas. Sobel's works exemplify the tendency to fill up every empty space, often known as horror vacui. She often depicted her feelings through past experiences. Her depiction of soldiers with cannons and imperial armies, as well as traditional jewish families, reflected the experiences of her childhood. Her figures often demonstrated the time of the Holocaust, where she relived the trauma of her youth. Through her traumas and troubling youth, Sobel found a safe realm for her imagination and anguish through art.[8] Notable WorksSobel's initial works show a flair for a primitivist figuration reminiscent of early Chagall and serves to herald early Dubuffet. The abundant floral motifs recall Ukrainian peasant art.{{citation needed|date=April 2018}} In addition, the need to exploit media of all sorts is very evident (including sand). If her drips paintings weren't vivid enough, she would opt to outline them in ink in order to compensate.{{citation needed|date=April 2018}} Aiding in inventing Abstract Expressionism did not conclude her imagistic work. Her main goal was visual intensity, which she attained with impressive regularity.{{citation needed|date=April 2018}} Milky Way, created in 1945, is currently displayed in the Museum of Modern Art.[9] References1. ^https://monoskop.org/images/c/ce/Greenberg_Clement_1955_1961_American-Type_Painting.pdf p. 218} 2. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.janetsobel.com/WilltheRealJanetSobelPleaseStandUp/22.html|title=Will the Real Janet Sobel Please Stand Up?|website=www.janetsobel.com|access-date=2018-04-12}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.hollistaggart.com/artists/biography/janet_sobel/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-03-15 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110712213618/http://www.hollistaggart.com/artists/biography/janet_sobel/ |archivedate=2011-07-12 |df= }} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://bigthink.com/ideas/18624|title=Mother of Invention|author=Bob Duggan|work=Big Think}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vNoX4iTHPs0C&pg=PA273&dq=Janet+Sobel+Pollock&hl=en&ei=5SLkTOy2OYKBlAf1v5nHDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=unmistakably%20made%20an%20impact%20on%20Pollock&f=false|title=Jackson Pollock|work=google.com}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vNoX4iTHPs0C&pg=PA273&lpg=PA273&dq=%22the+one+who+figures+the+void+and+the+unconscious%22&source=bl&ots=GZTrtHgKxU&sig=vN98sDiwmm18d6-rZ5f8j_hhe30&hl=en&ei=Ii8bTZP9LYK78gaf_4zrDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CBYQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=semen%20amniotic&f=false|title=Jackson Pollock|work=google.com}} 7. ^John Dewey, Janet Sobel, Puma gallery, leaflet catalogue, New York, April 24 to May 14, 1944. 8. ^{{Cite book|title=Inside Out: Selected Works by Janet Sobel|last=Levin|first=Gail|publisher=Gary Snyder Fine Art|year=2003|isbn=|location=New York|pages=5 and 6}} 9. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.moma.org/collection/works/80636|title=Janet Sobel. Milky Way. 1945 {{!}} MoMA|website=The Museum of Modern Art|language=en|access-date=2018-03-29}} External links
9 : 1894 births|1968 deaths|20th-century American painters|Abstract expressionist artists|American people of Ukrainian descent|American women painters|Painters from New York (state)|Ukrainian emigrants to the United States|20th-century American women artists |
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