| 词条 | Janet Vaughan |
| 释义 |
| honorific-prefix = Dame | name = Janet Vaughan | honorific-suffix = {{Post-nominals|country=GBR|DBE|FRS|size=100%}} | image = British medical mission in Lahore, India4 (cropped).jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = Vaughan in 1944 | order = 6th | office = Principal of Somerville College, Oxford | term_start = 1945 | term_end = 1967 | predecessor = Helen Darbishire | successor = Barbara Craig | birth_name = Janet Maria Vaughan | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1899|10|18}} | birth_place = UK | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1993|1|9|1899|10|18}} | death_place = UK | education = North Foreland Lodge | alma_mater = Somerville College, Oxford | profession = Physician, physiologist, academician | awards = DBE (1957) FRS (1979) }} Dame Janet Maria Vaughan {{Post-nominals|country=GBR|DBE|FRS|size=100%|sep=}} (18 October 1899 – 9 January 1993), sometimes known by her married name of Gourlay, was a British physiologist, academic, and academic administrator.[1][2] She researched in haematology and radiation pathology. From 1945 to 1967, she served as Principal of Somerville College, Oxford. Early lifeBorn in Clifton, Bristol, she was the eldest of four children of William Wyamar Vaughan (a cousin of Virginia Woolf and later headmaster of Rugby) and Madge Symonds.[3] At the time of her birth he was an assistant master at Clifton College. She was educated at home, and later at North Foreland Lodge and Somerville College, Oxford,[3] where she studied medicine under Charles Sherrington and J. B. S. Haldane. She did her clinical training at University College Hospital, London,[1] where she worked in London's slums and saw firsthand the effects of poverty on health.[3] Later she received a scholarship from the Rockefeller Foundation to study at Harvard University.[4] CareerAs a female doctor, Vaughan had difficulties gaining access to patients and experimented on pigeons. Woolf described her as 'an attractive woman; competent, disinterested, taking blood tests all day to solve abstract problems'.[4] She suffered from prejudice for her research.[5] As a young pathologist at the Royal Postgraduate Medical School at Hammersmith Hospital in 1938 she initiated creation of national blood banks in London, setting one up with Federico Duran-Jorda. The modified milk bottle for blood collection and storage was named "MRC bottle" or "Janet Vaughan".[4][6] In 1945 she was sent to Belgium by the Medical Research Council to research starvation, and then into Germany; at war's end she was working in the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp.[1] Vaughan's research included blood disease, blood transfusion, the treatment of starvation, and the effect of radioactivity on the bone and bone marrow.[7] Her 1934 book, The Anaemias, was one of the first specialised treatments of blood diseases. After the war, she became known for her work on the effects of plutonium.[1] From 1945 until her retirement in 1967, while working as a researcher at the Churchill Hospital, she was Principal of Somerville College. She was Principal while Shirley Catlin (later Shirley Williams, Baroness Williams of Crosby) and Margaret Roberts (who would later become the British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher) studied there. She also served on the Royal Commission on Equal Pay, as a founder trustee of the Nuffield Foundation, and for one year as chairman of the Oxford Regional Hospital Board.[1] HonoursVaughan was appointed Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in the 1957 New Year Honours.[8] Oxford University awarded her an honorary DCL in 1967.[1] She was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1979.[9] Publications
Personal lifeShe married David Gourlay, of the Wayfarers' Travel Agency, in 1930. They had two daughters.[1] References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 Evelyn Irons, [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-dame-janet-vaughan-1478123.html Obituary: Dame Janet Vaughan], The Independent, 12 January 1993. 2. ^{{Cite journal|title=The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/42277|year=2004}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite web|last1=George|first1=Rose|title=A Very Naughty Little Girl|url=https://longreads.com/2015/03/10/a-very-naughty-little-girl/|website=Longreads|publisher=Longreads|accessdate=4 March 2017}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite book|last=Starr|first=D|title=Blood: An Epic History of Medicine and Commerce|year=1998|publisher=Little, Brown and company|isbn=0 316 91146 1|pages=84–87}} 5. ^{{cite book|last1=Watts|first1=Ruth|title=Women in science : a social and cultural history|date=2007|publisher=Routledge|location=London|isbn=0415253063|pages=171|edition=1st}} 6. ^{{cite book|author=Christopher D. Hillyer|title=Blood Banking and Transfusion Medicine: Basic Principles & Practice|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3QwXx_enKbcC&pg=PT29|year=2007|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=0-443-06981-6|page=29}} 7. ^{{cite book|last1= edts Ogilvie|first1=Marilyn|title=The biographical dictionary of women in science|date=2000|publisher=Routledge|location=New York [u.a.]|isbn=0415920388|pages=1323}} 8. ^{{London Gazette|issue=40960|date=28 December 1956|page=11|supp=y}} 9. ^{{Cite journal|last1=Owen|first1=M.|doi=10.1098/rsbm.1995.0029|title=Dame Janet Maria Vaughan, D.B.E., 18 October 1899 – 9 January 1993|journal=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society|volume=41|pages=482–26|year=1995}} External links
|title=Principal Somerville College, Oxford |years = 1945–1967 |before=Helen Darbishire |after=Barbara Craig }}{{S-end}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Vaughan, Janet}} 13 : 1899 births|1993 deaths|Alumni of Somerville College, Oxford|British physiologists|Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire|Female Fellows of the Royal Society|People educated at North Foreland Lodge|People from Bristol|Place of death missing|Principals of Somerville College, Oxford|Radiobiologists|Fellows of the Royal Society|20th-century women scientists |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。