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词条 Janos, Chihuahua
释义

  1. History

  2. Climate

  3. References

Janos is a town located in the northern Mexican state of Chihuahua.[1] It serves as the municipal seat of government for the surrounding Janos Municipality of the same name. As of 2010, the town of Janos had a population of 2,738.[2]

History

Janos was founded around 1580 by Franciscan missionaries.[3] It was subject to raids by Apache and Jumano Indians, and in 1680 the mission (Nuestra Señora de la Soledad de Janos) was completely destroyed in such a raid. As a result, in 1686 the Spanish governor ordered Captain Juan Fernández de la Fuente to send troops to Janos to establish a presidio. It was named Presidio de San Felipe y Santiago de Janos and in 1717 resettlement efforts resulted in the town being re-established with Janos and Jocomes Indians.[3] This settlement offer was also open to Apache, but few took advantage of it. Over the next several years, the Spanish made a number of punitive raids against local Apache groups, both from the Janos Presidio and others in the area. When Hugo Oconor (Hugh O'Connor) assumed command of the military in Chihuahua in 1772, he instituted large scale campaigns against the Apache. In 1789 Chief Squielnoctero and his family surrendered at Janos[4] and with the peace agreement with Ojos Colorados[5] in 1790, the area became relatively peaceful, the Apache having been seriously weakened by war and disease.[3]

Climate

Janos has a semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSk).[6] Winters are cool and sunny with a January average of {{convert|7.1|C|1}} and temperatures regularly fall below freezing.[9] Occasionally, the city can see 2 or 3 snowfalls per year.[9] Summers are warm with June being the warmest month with an average of {{convert|22.3|C|1}}. Most of the precipitation falls during this time of the year, during the monsoon season. The highest recorded temperature was {{convert|45.0|C|1}} on August 21, 1979 and the lowest recorded temperature was {{convert|-13|C|1}} on December 9, 1978.[11]

{{Weather box
|location = Janos, Chihuahua
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|temperature colour =
|Jan record high C = 26.0
|Feb record high C = 29.0
|Mar record high C = 31.0
|Apr record high C = 36.0
|May record high C = 40.0
|Jun record high C = 42.0
|Jul record high C = 40.0
|Aug record high C = 45.0
|Sep record high C = 40.0
|Oct record high C = 36.5
|Nov record high C = 30.0
|Dec record high C = 26.0
|year record high C = 45.0
|Jan high C = 14.2
|Feb high C = 16.7
|Mar high C = 19.5
|Apr high C = 23.1
|May high C = 27.3
|Jun high C = 31.5
|Jul high C = 30.1
|Aug high C = 30.1
|Sep high C = 27.1
|Oct high C = 22.7
|Nov high C = 18.0
|Dec high C = 14.6
|year high C = 22.9
|Jan mean C = 7.1
|Feb mean C = 8.8
|Mar mean C = 11.1
|Apr mean C = 14.3
|May mean C = 18.2
|Jun mean C = 22.3
|Jul mean C = 22.3
|Aug mean C = 22.1
|Sep mean C = 19.4
|Oct mean C = 14.7
|Nov mean C = 10.1
|Dec mean C = 7.4
|year mean C = 14.8
|Jan low C = -0.1
|Feb low C = 0.9
|Mar low C = 2.8
|Apr low C = 5.4
|May low C = 9.0
|Jun low C = 13.2
|Jul low C = 14.5
|Aug low C = 14.1
|Sep low C = 11.6
|Oct low C = 6.6
|Nov low C = 2.1
|Dec low C = 0.2
|year low C = 6.7
|Jan record low C = -10.0
|Feb record low C = -7.5
|Mar record low C = -7.0
|Apr record low C = -11.5
|May record low C = -7.0
|Jun record low C = 2.0
|Jul record low C = 2.0
|Aug record low C = 2.0
|Sep record low C = 1.0
|Oct record low C = -4.0
|Nov record low C = -12.0
|Dec record low C = -13.0
|year record low C = -13.0
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 15.3
|Feb precipitation mm = 11.6
|Mar precipitation mm = 11.0
|Apr precipitation mm = 7.1
|May precipitation mm = 5.8
|Jun precipitation mm = 16.7
|Jul precipitation mm = 73.8
|Aug precipitation mm = 58.6
|Sep precipitation mm = 46.3
|Oct precipitation mm = 29.5
|Nov precipitation mm = 15.5
|Dec precipitation mm = 21.5
|year precipitation mm = 312.7
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 3.0
|Feb precipitation days = 2.0
|Mar precipitation days = 2.0
|Apr precipitation days = 1.2
|May precipitation days = 1.0
|Jun precipitation days = 1.8
|Jul precipitation days = 9.1
|Aug precipitation days = 7.2
|Sep precipitation days = 5.2
|Oct precipitation days = 3.3
|Nov precipitation days = 2.1
|Dec precipitation days = 3.4
|year precipitation days = 41.3
|Jan snow days = 0.60
|Feb snow days = 0.50
|Mar snow days = 0.30
|Apr snow days = 0.05
|May snow days = 0
|Jun snow days = 0
|Jul snow days = 0
|Aug snow days = 0
|Sep snow days = 0
|Oct snow days = 0
|Nov snow days = 0.31
|Dec snow days = 0.57
|year snow days = 2.33
|source 1 = Servicio Meteorológico Nacional[7]
|source 2 = Colegio de Postgraduados (snowy days)[8]
|date = February 2013
}}

References

1. ^{{GEOnet2|32FA882B8A153774E0440003BA962ED3|Janos (Approved)}}, GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
2. ^{{cite web|title=Janos|url=http://www.microrregiones.gob.mx/catloc/LocdeMun.aspx?tipo=clave&campo=loc&ent=08&mun=035|work=Catálogo de Localidades|publisher=Secretaría de Desarrollo Social (SEDESOL)|accessdate=23 April 2014}}
3. ^1 2 {{Cite web|title=Presidio de San Felipe y Santiago de Janos Records, 1706-1858|publisher=University of Texas|location=Austin, Texas|url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/taro/utlac/00083/lac-00083p1.html}}
4. ^{{Cite book|author=Griffen, William B.|title=Apaches at War and Peace: The Janos Presidio, 1750-1858|location=Norman, Oklahoma|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=lTLS_XZj-a0C&pg=PA63 63]|isbn=978-0-8061-3084-2}}, originally published in 1988 by the University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, New Mexico
5. ^probably Mangas Colorado {{Cite book|author=Stockel, H. Henrietta|year=2008|title=Salvation Through Slavery: Chiricahua Apaches and priests on the Spanish colonial frontier|location=Albuquerque, New Mexico|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Wmc329HNTskC&pg=PA106 106]|isbn=978-0-8263-4325-3}}
6. ^{{cite journal| last = Kottek | first = M.|author2=J. Grieser |author3=C. Beck |author4=B. Rudolf |author5=F. Rubel | title =World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated| journal =Meteorol. Z.| volume =15 | pages =259–263| url =http://www.schweizerbart.de/resources/downloads/paper_free/55034.pdf| doi =10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130| accessdate = January 17, 2013| year =2006| issue = 3}}
7. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://smn.cna.gob.mx/climatologia/Normales5110/NORMAL08176.TXT |title=NORMALES CLIMATOLÓGICAS 1951-2010 |publisher=Servicio Meteorológico Nacional |language=Spanish |accessdate=February 2, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221315/http://smn.cna.gob.mx/climatologia/Normales5110/NORMAL08176.TXT |archivedate=March 3, 2016 |df= }}
8. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.cm.colpos.mx/meteoro/progde/norm/norm24/08055.htm |archive-url=https://archive.is/20130219034329/http://www.cm.colpos.mx/meteoro/progde/norm/norm24/08055.htm |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2013-02-19 |title=Normales climatológicas para Janos, Chihuahua |publisher=Colegio de Postgraduados |language=Spanish |accessdate=February 2013 }}
{{Clear}}{{coord|30|53|16|N|108|11|24|W|scale:10000_source:INEGI|display=title}}{{Chihuahua}}

1 : Populated places in Chihuahua (state)
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