请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 Kabardino-Balkaria
释义

  1. Geography

     Rivers  Lakes  Mountains  Natural resources  Climate 

  2. History

  3. Administrative divisions

  4. Demographics

     Population  Vital statistics  Ethnic groups  Religion 

  5. Politics

  6. See also

  7. References

     Notes  Sources 

  8. External links

{{short description|First-level administrative division of Russia}}{{Infobox Russian federal subject
|en_name=Kabardino-Balkar Republic
|ru_name=Кабардино-Балкарская Республика
|loc_name1=Къэбэрдей-Балъкъэр Республикэ
|loc_lang1=Kabardian
|loc_name2=Къабарты-Малкъар Республика
|loc_lang2=Karachay-Balkar
|image_map=Map of Russia - Kabardino-Balkaria.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|43|35|N|43|24|E|type:adm1st_region:RU|display=inline,title}}
|image_coa=Coat of Arms of Kabardino-Balkaria.svg
|coa_caption=Coat of arms
|image_flag=Flag of Kabardino-Balkaria.svg
|flag_caption=Flag
|anthem=State Anthem of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic

|anthem_ref=[1]
|holiday
|holiday_ref
|political_status=Republic
|political_status_link=Republics of Russia
|federal_district=North Caucasian
|economic_region=North Caucasus
|adm_ctr_type=Capital
|adm_ctr_name=Nalchik
|adm_ctr_name_ref=[2]
|official_lang_list=Kabardian, Karachay-Balkar
|official_lang_ref=[3]
|pop_2010census=859939
|pop_2010census_rank=59th
|urban_pop_2010census=54.5%
|rural_pop_2010census=45.5%
|pop_2010census_ref=[4]
|pop_density
|pop_density_as_of
|pop_density_ref
|pop_latest=858397
|pop_latest_date=January 2014
|pop_latest_ref=[4]
|area_km2=12500
|area_km2_rank=78th
|established_date=January 5, 1936
|established_date_ref=[5]
|license_plates=07
|ISO=RU-KB
|gov_as_of=September 2018
|leader_title=Head
|leader_title_ref=[6]
|leader_name=Kazbek Kokov (Acting)
|leader_name_ref=[7]
|legislature=Parliament
|legislature_ref=[8]
|website=
|website_ref
|date=September 2018
}}{{too short|date=June 2016}}

The Kabardino-Balkar Republic ({{lang-ru|Кабарди́но-Балка́рская Респу́блика}}, Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika; Kabardian: Къэбэрдей-Балъкъэр Республикэ, Ķêbêrdej-Baĺķêr Respublikê; Karachay-Balkar: Къабарты-Малкъар Республика, Qabartı-Malqar Respublika), or Kabardino-Balkaria ({{lang-ru|Кабарди́но-Балка́рия}}, Kabardino-Balkariya), is a federal subject of Russia (a republic) located in the North Caucasus. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 859,939[9] on 12,500 square km. Its capital is Nalchik.

Geography

The republic is situated in the North Caucasus mountains, with plains in the northern part.

  • Area: {{convert|12500|km2|sp=us}}
  • Borders:
    • internal: Stavropol Krai (N/NE), North Ossetia–Alania (E/SE/S), Karachay–Cherkessia (W/NW)
    • international: Georgia (Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti) (S/SW)
  • Highest point: Mount Elbrus (5,642 m)
  • Maximum N->S distance: {{convert|167|km|sp=us}}
  • Maximum E->W distance: {{convert|123|km|sp=us}}

Kabardino-Balkaria is traversed by the northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude.

Rivers

Major rivers include:

  • Terek River (623 km)
  • Malka River (216 km)
  • Baksan River (173 km)
  • Urukh River (104 km)
  • Chegem River (102 km)
  • Cherek River (76 km)
  • Argudan River
  • Kurkuzhin River
  • Lesken River

Lakes

There are about 100 lakes in the Republic, none of which is large. Just over half (55) are located between the Baksan and Malka Rivers, the largest each of an area of no more than {{convert|0.01|km2|sp=us}}. Some of the lakes are:

  • Tserikkel Lake (area 26,000 m²; depth 368 m)
  • Lower Goluboye Lake
  • Kel-Ketchen Lake (depth 177 m)
  • Upper Tserikkel Lake (depth 18 m)
  • Sekretnoye Lake
  • Tambukan Lake (area 1.77 km²; depth 1.5 to 2 m), partially within Stavropol Krai.

Mountains

  • Mount Elbrus (5,642 m), a volcanic mountain and the highest peak in Europe, Russia, and the Caucasus

Other major mountains include:

  • Mount Dykhtau (5,402 m)
  • Mount Koshtantau (5,151 m)
  • Mount Shkhara (5,068 m)
  • Pushkin Peak (5,033 m)
  • Mount Mizhergi (5,025 m)

Natural resources

Kabardino-Balkaria's natural resources include molybdenum, tungsten, and coal.

Climate

The republic has a continental type climate.

  • Average January temperature: {{convert|-12|C}} (mountains) to {{convert|-4|C}} (plains)
  • Average July temperature: {{convert|+4|C}} (mountains) to {{convert|+23|C}} (plains)
  • Average annual precipitation: 500–2,000 mm.

History

{{Main|History of Kabardino-Balkaria}}

Administrative divisions

{{Main|Administrative divisions of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic}}

Demographics

Population

Population: {{ru-census|p2010=859,939|p2002=901,494|p1989=759,586}}

Vital statistics

Source: Russian Federal State Statistics Service

Average population (x 1000)Live birthsDeathsNatural changeCrude birth rate (per 1000)Crude death rate (per 1000)Natural change (per 1000)Fertility rates
197059211,6833,9137,77019.76.613.1
197563412,3154,7177,59819.47.412.0
198068014,0985,4578,64120.78.012.7
198572515,9415,85410,08722.08.113.9
199077215,4126,5738,83920.08.511.52,45
199178814,9526,9957,95719.08.910.12,35
199279913,7287,0936,63517.28.98.32,16
199380711,7817,8643,91714.69.74.91,86
199481611,4078,0523,35514.09.94.11,79
199582810,8448,2362,60813.19.93.21,67
199684010,2938,1992,09412.29.82.51,56
199785310,0167,9852,03111.79.42.41,47
19988669,9978,2011,79611.59.52.11,44
19998759,2218,29292910.59.51.11,30
20008839,2078,79241510.410.00.51,26
20018918,8928,77811410.09.90.11,19
20028979,1198,95416510.210.00.21,20
20038969,2949,2029210.410.30.11,20
20048899,4148,69571910.69.80.81,22
20058828,9919,034- 4310.210.2-0.01,13
20068759,3088,76454410.610.00.61,16
200787011,3978,4412,95613.19.73.41,41
200886612,0528,0953,95713.99.34.61,49
200986312,1438,4063,73714.19.74.31,62
201086012,5768,0804,49614.69.45.21,66
201186012,8488,1364,71214.99.45.51,70
201285913,7867,7096,07716.09.07.01,83
201385913,3657,7125,65315.69.06.61,80
201486013,3977,5715,82615.68.86.81,83
201586112,6277,5825,04514.68.85.81,75
201686312,1917,3864,80514.18.55.61,73(e)
201786511,0927,3913,70112.88.54.3
201886710,7866,7784,00812.47.84.6

Note: TFR 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 source.[10]

Ethnic groups

Kabardino-Balkaria includes two major ethnic communities, the Kabardins (Circassians), who speak a North-West Caucasian language, and the Balkars who speak a Turkic language.

According to the 2010 Census,[9] Kabardins make up 57.2% of the republic's population, followed by Russians (22.5%) and Balkars (12.7%). Other groups include Ossetians (1.1%), Turks (1.6%), Ukrainians (0.6%), Armenians (0.6%), Koreans (0.5%), Chechens (0.2%), and a host of smaller groups, each accounting for less than 0.5% of the total population.

Ethnic
group		1926 Census11939 Census1959 Census1970 Census1979 Census1989 Census2002 Census2010 Census3
Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number %
Kabarday 122,23754.2% 152,23742.4% 190,28445.3% 264,67545.0% 303,60445.5% 364,49448.2% 498,702255.3% 490,45357.2%
Balkars 33,19714.7% 40,74711.3% 34,0888.1% 51,3568.7% 59,7109.0% 70,7939.4% 104,95111.6% 108,57712.7%
Russians 32,62214.5% 129,06735.9% 162,58638.7% 218,59537.2% 234,13735.1% 240,75031.9% 226,62025.1% 193,15522.5%
Ossetians 3,8391.7% 4,6081.3% 6,4421.5% 9,1671.6% 9,7101.5% 9,9961.3% 9,8451.1% 9,1291.1%
Ukrainians 24,72311.0% 11,1423.1% 8,4002.0% 10,6201.8% 12,1391.8% 12,8261.7% 7,5920.8% 4,8000.6%
Others 8,8033.9% 21,3285.9% 18,3154.4% 33,7905.7% 47,2467.1% 55,6727.4% 53,7846.0% 51,5566.0%
1 The results of the 1926 census refer to the present territory, which is a combination of the Kabardo-Balkar AO and a part of the Terek district. The latter area was mainly inhabited by Russians and Ukrainians.[11]2 In view of the results of the 1989 census and the 2010 census, the number of Kabardins in 2002 seems unlikely high.3 2,269 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[12]

Religion

{{Bar box
|title=Religion in Kabardino-Balkaria as of 2012 (Sreda Arena Atlas)[13][14]
|float=right
|bars={{Bar percent|Russian Orthodoxy|DarkOrchid|15.6}}{{Bar percent|Other Christians|DeepSkyBlue|3.8}}{{Bar percent|Islam|Green|59.8}}{{Bar percent|Native faiths|Red|3}}{{Bar percent|Spiritual but not religious|DarkSlateGray|10.6}}{{Bar percent|Atheism and irreligion|Black|4.4}}{{Bar percent|Other and undeclared|Gray|2.8}}
}}

According to a 2012 survey which interviewed 56,900 people,[13] 60% of the population of Kabardino-Balkaria adheres to Islam, 15.6% to the Russian Orthodox Church, 3% to Adyghe (Kabardian) folk religion and other indigenous faiths, 5% are unaffiliated generic Christians. In addition, 12% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious", 5.4% is atheist or follows other religions including Jehovah’s Witnesses.[13]

Politics

The head of government in Kabardino-Balkaria is the Head. The current Head is Kazbek Kokov.[15]

The legislative body of the Republic is the Parliament comprising 72 deputies elected for a five-year term.[8][16]

See also

  • Caucasian Avars
  • Bulgars
  • List of the Chairmen of the Parliament of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic
  • Minor hydro-electric plants of Kabardino-Balkaria
  • Mount Imeon

References

Notes

1. ^Law #13-RZ
2. ^Constitution of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, Article 136
3. ^Constitution of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, Article 76
4. ^Kabardino-Balkar Republic Territorial Branch of the Federal State Statistics Service. Численность населения Кабардино-Балкарской Республики в разрезе городских округов и муниципальных районов на 1 января 2014 г. {{ru icon}}
5. ^USSR. Administrative-Territorial Divisions of the Union Republics, p. 35
6. ^Constitution of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, Article 78
7. ^Official website of the Head of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic. Biography {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028233959/http://president-kbr.ru/en/glava/biography.html |date=October 28, 2014 }} {{ru icon}}
8. ^1 Constitution of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, Article 91
9. ^1 2 {{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}
10. ^http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat/ru/statistics/publications/catalog/doc_1137674209312
11. ^http://www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru/rnkbr.html
12. ^http://www.perepis-2010.ru/news/detail.php?ID=6936
13. ^1 2 "Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia". Sreda, 2012.
14. ^2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170421154615/http://c2.kommersant.ru/ISSUES.PHOTO/OGONIOK/2012/034/ogcyhjk2.jpg Archived].
15. ^{{Cite news|url=https://meduza.io/paragraph/2018/09/26/putin-opyat-uvolnyaet-gubernatorov-a-na-ih-mesto-naznachaet-odnofamiltsev-ili-byvshih-gubernatorov-a-a-a-kak-ne-zaputatsya|title=Путин опять увольняет губернаторов, а на их место назначает однофамильцев или бывших губернаторов. А-а-а! Как не запутаться? Вот шпаргалка|work=Meduza|access-date=2018-09-26|language=ru-RU}}
16. ^Constitution, Article 94.

Sources

  • {{Cite Russian law

|ru_entity=Совет Республики Парламента Кабардино-Балкарской Республики
|ru_type=Закон
|ru_number=13-РЗ
|ru_date=4 августа 1994 г.
|ru_title=О государственном гимне Кабардино-Балкарской Республики
|ru_effective_date=18 августа 1994 г
|ru_published_in="Кабардино-Балкарская правда", №148
|ru_published_date=12 августа 1994 г
|ru_url=
|ru_amendment_type=Закона
|ru_amendment_number=13-РЗ
|ru_amendment_date=13 апреля 2015 г
|ru_amendment_title=О внесении изменений в статьи 2 и 4 Закона Кабардино-Балкарской Республики "О государственном гимне Кабардино-Балкарской Республики"
|en_entity=Council of the Republic of the Parliament of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic
|en_type=Law
|en_number=13-RZ
|en_date=August 4, 1994
|en_title=On the State Anthem of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic
|en_effective_date=August 18, 1994
|en_url=
|en_amendment_type=Law
|en_amendment_number=13-RZ
|en_amendment_date=April 13, 2015
|en_amendment_title=On Amending Articles 2 and 4 of the Law of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic "On the State Anthem of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic"
}}
  • {{RussiaBasicLawRef|kb}}
  • {{Cite book|last1=Дударев|first1=В. А.|last2=Евсеева|first2=Н. А.|editor=И. Каманина|script-title=ru:СССР. Административно-территориальное деление союзных республик|year=1987|language=Russian|location=Moscow}}

External links

{{Commons category|Kabardino-Balkaria}}
  • {{ru icon}} Official website of the Head of the Republic
  • Pictures of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic
  • BBC News. Kabardino-Balkaria Profile
{{Subdivisions of Russia}}{{Countries and regions of the Caucasus}}{{Politics of Europe}}{{Authority control}}{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2011}}

6 : Kabardino-Balkaria|North Caucasus|States and territories established in 1936|1936 establishments in the Soviet Union|Regions of Europe with multiple official languages|North Caucasian Federal District
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/9/20 17:52:22