| 词条 | Kabbalah Centre |
| 释义 |
|name = Kabbalah Centre International |image = The Kabbalah Centre.png |caption = |size = 160px |abbreviation = |founder = Philip Berg |formation = 1984 |headquarters = Los Angeles, California, United States |type = Kabbalah |website = {{URL|http://www.kabbalah.com/}} }} The Kabbalah Centre International is a non-profit organization[1] located in Los Angeles, California that provides courses on the Zohar and Kabbalistic teachings online as well as through its regional and city-based centers and study groups worldwide. The presentation of Kabbalah was developed by its director, Philip Berg, along with his wife, Karen Berg.[2] The Kabbalah Centre International has a multi-ethnic, international staff of teachers that offers kabbalistic study and guidance to its worldwide student community.[3] Traditionally, rabbis believed that the mysteries of Kabbalah were so complex and so easily misunderstood that it could only be taught to devout students (mostly males) only after age 40.[2] Therefore, some traditionalists had seen the Kabbalah Centre as a perversion of Judaism's ancient and secretive mystic tradition.[4] HistoryThe Kabbalah Centre was founded in the United States in 1965 as The National Research Institute of Kabbalah by Philip Berg (born Feivel Gruberger) and Yehuda Tzvi Brandwein.[5] Brandwein in turn was the dean of Yeshivah Kol Yehuda in Israel (a precursor of the US Kabbalah Centres) which was founded in 1922. After Brandwein's death, and after several years in Israel, Philip Berg and his wife Karen Berg, re-established the U.S. Kabbalah Centre in New York City. The Kabbalah Centre in Los Angeles was opened in 1984. After the death of Berg, Karen and Michael Berg act as directors and spiritual teachers of the organization. The organization is a registered non-profit[1] with over fifty branches worldwide, including major ones in Los Angeles, New York City, London and Toronto. TeachingsApproachThe Kabbalah Centre's approach to teaching is to start students with teachings of Kabbalah that do not make previous knowledge of Hebrew and Jewish texts a prerequisite for understanding.[6] Relation to religionAccording to its views, all widely held spiritual or religious belief systems are merely specific branches of a universal wisdom. The effect of this is a resemblance of religions such as Christianity, Judaism, Islam and Buddhism, as well as new-age teachings, to Kabbalah. In accordance with this belief, the Kabbalah Centre does not present itself as an alternative to any religion in particular, but rather, as a supplement to it. The BibleSome biblical passages, such as the Passage of the Red Sea, are understood to be codes to life and unseen universal laws which the Zohar and writings of the Kabbalists throughout history unravel.[7] According to Berg "The Zohar reveals the dynamic interplay and interconnectedness of our universe and man's relationship to it."[8] The Kabbalah Centre has produced a series of the Books of the Bible with Kabbalistic commentaries to each of the Weekly portion of the Torah.[9] The LightOne should primarily be concerned with their relationship with the essence of God, rather than God himself, as he is beyond comprehension. The essence of God is referred to in its teachings as Light.[10] 99%The five senses provide access to a mere 1% of reality, which is the byproduct of a 99% reality that cannot be accessed by the senses.[11] KlippotKabbalah Centre teaches the Kabbalistic concept of Klippot. The idea is that everyone has a direct and clear connection to the upper metaphysical-spiritual world of the Light (Ein Sof, unbounded God), but that this channel is blocked by Klippot, restricting the spiritual energy from entering the physical body. It is through study and practice of Kabbalah teachings and Jewish law (which the Kabbalah Centre says is early rabbinistic construction to aid in practicing Kabbalah without revealing its secrets) that one removes Klippot, and it is by violence and negative behavior that one adds Klippot.[12] AstrologyThe Kabbalah Centre has a strong belief in astrology[13] and asserts that astrology has always been part of Judaism. Astrology was studied by Jewish scholars throughout the Middle Ages, though it was opposed by more philosophically inclined thinkers such as Maimonides.{{citation needed|date=May 2012}} There is a strong belief in the Kabbalah tradition that cosmic forces affect everything, and knowing how to understand them can prove to be valuable to the aspiring Kabbalist. Berg, the founder of the Kabbalah Centre, wrote numerous books on astrology during his career.[14] SexIn a book written by Yehuda Berg, a former teacher at the center, he recommended that men not masturbate as semen generated without loving, shared intention does not serve its purpose. He also wrote that a man should not orgasm before the woman, as it injects selfishness into the act of love making.[12] Other thoughts on sex include that a man should not orgasm with the woman positioned above him, as she is then drawing energies into herself from below, instead of above.[12] The most Light is derived from sex that occurs just after midnight on Saturday morning.[12] Celebrity followers{{see also|Madonna (entertainer)#Kabbalah Centre}}Madonna studies regularly with a personal Kabbalah Centre rabbi, no longer gives concerts on Friday night (which is the onset of Shabbat), wears the red string around her left wrist for protection and to ward off the "evil eye" (Ayin Hara), has introduced Jewish ritual objects such as tefillin ("phylacteries") into her videos and tithes regularly to the Kabbalah Centre.[15] In July 2006, it was reported that Madonna was leaving the Kabbalah Centre[16] and one media columnist speculated that one reason was alleged financial irregularities of donations to the centre.[15] Despite uncorroborated allegations of financial irregularities, the rumour turned out to be false, and Madonna continued to attend Kabbalah Centre events. In August 2006, Madonna collaborated with the Kabbalah Centre on a project called Raising Malawi, which provided relief aid to the African nation of Malawi.[17] In March 2016, Madonna and her son Rocco attended a Kabbalah Centre prayer session as she attempted to fix her relationship with him.[18]Other celebrities that have been associated with the Centre include Britney Spears, Roseanne Barr, Sandra Bernhard, Anthony Kiedis, Ashton Kutcher, Demi Moore, Mick Jagger, Jerry Hall, Lucy Liu, Alex Rodriguez, Rosie O'Donnell, Naomi Campbell, Donna Karan, Elizabeth Taylor, Mischa Barton, Paris Hilton, Ariana Grande[19][20] Nicole Richie, James Van Der Beek, Kyle Richards,[21] Heather McComb and Lindsay Lohan.[22] According to media sources, some of these celebrities have since stopped studying with the Kabbalah Centre.[23] Controversy and criticismFrom almost every corner of traditional Judaism, the Kabbalah Centre was rejected as a spiritual fraud.[24] Beginning in 2011 the Centre was put under investigation by the IRS and FBI for financial malfeasance, following the abandonment of the Raising Malawi school project with millions of donors' dollars unaccounted for.[25] In 2012, a Kabbalah Centre charity, Spirituality for Kids, accepted a $600,000 donation from an 87-year-old woman who some claim had dementia.[26] In November 2013, two lawsuits were filed by former donors alleging that their gifts were misused.[27] Other media criticisms have alleged that The Kabbalah Centre is an "opportunistic offshoot of the faith, with charismatic leaders who try to attract the rich and the vulnerable with the promise of health, wealth, and happiness."[28] Some Jewish organizations distinguish it as non-Jewish and consider its patronage by Jews problematic.[29] The Centre's sale of Kabbalah-themed merchandise has been criticized as a perversion of Judaism's ancient and secretive mystic tradition.[4] According to a BBC news article, Eliyahu Yardeni, a senior figure in the London Kabbalah Centre, made controversial comments regarding the Holocaust.[28] The Kabbalah Centre also made claims that spring water sold by the group had among its effects a curative effect on cancer.[28] In November 2015, the centre was ordered to pay $42,500 damages to one of its former students after it was found to have been negligent in the supervision of one of its co-directors, Yehuda Berg, who had caused emotional distress to the student.[30] PhilanthropyThe Kabbalah Centre donates to non-profit organizations and engages in volunteer work through its Charitable Causes initiative. Charitable Causes has worked with or donated to Habitat for Humanity,[31] Partners in Health,[32] American Red Cross,[33] and Sunrise Day Camp.[34] Locations{{col-begin}}|- | The Americas
United States
Asia and the Middle East
Europe
References1. ^1 worldwide{{cite news | title = Internal Revenue Service details. | publisher = United States Department of Treasury | url = https://www.irs.gov/app/pub-78/search.do?nameSearchTypeStarts=false&names=Kabbalah&nameSearchTypeAll=false&city=&state=All...&country=USA&deductibility=all&dispatchMethod=search&submitName=Search | accessdate = 2009-04-28}} 2. ^1 {{cite book| title = What's Behind Hollywood's Fascination with Kabbalah? | publisher = ABC News |date= June 17, 2005 | url = http://abcnews.go.com/2020/story?id=855125&page=1 | accessdate = 2006-10-31}} 3. ^{{cite web |title = FAQ |publisher = The Kabbalah Centre |date = |url = http://www.kabbalah.com/03.php |accessdate = 2006-10-31 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20061101031511/http://www.kabbalah.com/03.php |archivedate = 2006-11-01 |df = }} 4. ^1 {{cite news | title = Madonna shares spiritual awakening in Israel paper | publisher = Associated Press | author = Matti Friedman |date=July 31, 2009 | url = http://seattletimes.com/html/nationworld/2009573129_apmlisraelmadonna.html | accessdate = 2009-08-01}} 5. ^{{cite book | last1 = Myers | first1 = Jody Elizabeth | title = Kabbalah and the spiritual quest: the Kabbalah Centre in America | publisher = Praeger | year = 2007 | isbn = 978-0-275-98940-8}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jewishjournal.com/articles/item/maybe_its_not_so_weird_after_all_20071207/|title=Maybe It's Not So Weird, After All|publisher=Jewish Journal|first=Rob |last=Eshman |date=December 6, 2007|access-date=September 23, 2016}} 7. ^http://www.zohar.com/article/what-zohar 8. ^{{cite web|url=https://livingwisdom.kabbalah.com/prayer|title=Prayer|publisher=The Kabbalah Centre|first=Philip |last=Berg|date=October 22, 2014|access-date=September 23, 2016}} 9. ^Kabbalistic Bible - Yehuda Berg, Research Centre of Kabbalah, 2008, {{ISBN|978-1571896063}} 10. ^[https://archive.today/20130105075858/http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119423340/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0 The Kabbalah Centre and Contemporary Spirituality] Wiley InterScience Journal 11. ^Michaelson, Jay (September 03, 2004) "What the Kabbalah Centre Actually Teaches" The Jewish Daily Forward 12. ^1 2 3 {{cite book | last = Yehuda | first = Berg | title = The Kabbalah Book of Sex: And Other Mysteries of the Universe | publisher = Kabbalah Publishing | date = September 18, 2006 | isbn = 1-57189-544-2 }} 13. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/13/magazine/13kabbalah-t.html?_r=0|title=In Search of the Skeptical, Hopeful, Mystical Jew That Could Be Me|publisher=The New York Times Magazine|first=Daphne |last=Merkin |date=April 13, 2008|accessdate=September 20, 2016}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/21/us/rabbi-philip-berg-who-updated-jewish-mysticism-dies-at-86.html|title=Rabbi Philip Berg, Who Updated Jewish Mysticism, Dies at 86|publisher=The New York Times|first=Margalit |last=Fox|date=September 20, 2013 |accessdate=September 20, 2016}} 15. ^1 {{cite news | title = Madonna Gives Her Money Away | publisher = Fox News | url = http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,203104,00.html | accessdate =| date=2006-07-12}} 16. ^{{cite news | last = Barnes | first = Anthony | title = Kabbalah: is Madonna losing her religion? | date = July 9, 2006 | work = The Independent | url = https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/kabbalah-is-madonna-losing-her-religion-407250.html | accessdate = October 16, 2010 | location=London}} 17. ^{{cite news | title = Madonna Finds A Cause | publisher = Time Magazine | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1223372,00.html | accessdate =2010-05-07| date=2006-08-06| first=Belinda| last=Luscombe}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.thesun.co.uk/archives/news/1131365/madonna-and-rocco-bond-in-mystical-jewish-kabbalah-prayer-session/|title=Madonna and Rocco Bond in Mystical Jewish Kabbalah Prayer Session|publisher=The Sun|first=Emma |last=Brankin |date=April 16, 2006 |accessdate=September 20, 2016}} 19. ^Camilli, Doug. (November 29, 2003) "Paris Hilton dabbles in mysticism", Montreal Gazette 20. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2423891/Rabbi-Philip-Berg-dies-Kabbalah-center-founder-attracted-followers-including-Madonna-Demi-Moore.html |title= Kabbalah center founder who attracted celebrity devotees including Madonna and Demi Moore dies aged 86 |publisher= Daily Mail |date= 24 October 2013 |accessdate= 24 October 2013}} 21. ^Lilit Marcus, Judaism, According to Reality TV, The Jewish Daily Forward, November 19, 2012 22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ranthollywood.com/2015/11/17/15-celebrities-you-forgot-practiced-kabbalah/|title=15 Celebrities You Forgot Practiced Kabbalah|publisher=Rant Hollywood|first=Devarrick |last=Turner|date=November 17, 2015|accessdate=September 20, 2016}} 23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.today.com/id/13105699/ns/today-entertainment/t/kabbalah-ends-madonna-britney-friendship/#.V4aTnbgrKUk|title=Kabbalah ends Madonna-Britney Friendship|publisher=Today Entertainment|first=Jeannette |last=Walls|date=June 21, 2006|accessdate=September 20, 2016}} 24. ^TOM TUGEND, ,"Fraud Arrest at Kabbalah Centre" 25. ^Barrett, Wayne, "Madonna's Malawi Disaster"m Newsweek, The Daily Beast, April 3, 2011. 26. ^Rick Cohen,"Kabbalah Center Accepted $600,000 Donation From Woman With Dementia", Nonprofit Quarterly, April 11, 2012. 27. ^Kim Christensen, "Kabbalah Centre accused of misusing more than $1 million in donations", Los Angeles Times, December 3, 2013. 28. ^1 2 {{cite news | title = Kabbalah leader's Holocaust slur | publisher = BBC News |date= January 9, 2005 | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/4158287.stm | accessdate = 2006-10-31 | first=John | last=Sweeney}} 29. ^{{cite news | title = Madonna due to join Israel trip | publisher = BBC News |date= 2004-09-09 | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3641256.stm | accessdate = 2006-10-31}} 30. ^{{cite news|last1=Aron|first1=Hillel|title=KABBALAH CENTRE AND ITS FORMER RABBI TO THE STARS TO PAY $177,500 IN SEXUAL BATTERY SUIT|url=http://www.laweekly.com/news/kabbalah-centre-and-its-former-rabbi-to-the-stars-to-pay-177-500-in-sexual-battery-suit-6315924|accessdate=28 November 2015|work=LA Weekly|date=25 November 2015}} 31. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.habitatla.org/kabbalah-centre-pledges-volunteer-hours-funds-help-build-homes-downey-habitat-humanity-greater-los-angeles/|title=The Kabbalah Centre Pledges Volunteer Hours and Funds to Help Build Homes in Downey With Habitat for Humanity of Greater Los Angeles|publisher=Habitat for Humanity|date=December 12, 2016}} 32. ^{{cite web|url=https://issuu.com/pihar/docs/2015_annual_report__finalpages_web__bfd1cca70a6c17|title=PIH Revised Annual Report|date=December 20, 2015|page=31}} 33. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/kabbalah-centre-announces-superstorm-sandy-response-plan-180014831.html|title=Kabbalah Centre Announces Superstorm Sandy Response Plan|publisher=PrNewswire|date=November 19, 2012}} 34. ^{{cite journal|url=https://issuu.com/sunriseassociation/docs/winter_2016_sunriser|title=Kabbalah Week|publisher=Sunrise Day Camp|page=7|date=November 18, 2015}} External links
6 : 1984 establishments in California|Esoteric schools of thought|Jews and Judaism in Los Angeles|Kabbalah|New religious movements|Religious organizations established in 1984 |
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