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词条 Kadhimiya
释义

  1. Religious significance and history

  2. Government and infrastructure

     Education 

  3. See also

  4. References

  5. External links

{{refimprove|date=February 2013}}{{Infobox settlement
|name =Kadhimiya
|other_name = al-Kāẓimiyyah
|native_name = الكاظمية
|native_name_lang = ar
|settlement_type = neighbourhood
|image_skyline =File:The Kadhimain mosque-iraq.jpg
|imagesize =
|image_caption =An aerial view of the mosque and its environs
|pushpin_map = Iraq
|pushpin_label_position =
|pushpin_map_caption = Kāẓimiyyah's location inside Iraq
|pushpin_mapsize =
|subdivision_type =Country
|subdivision_name ={{flag|Iraq}}
|subdivision_type1 =Governorate
|subdivision_name1 =Baghdad
|subdivision_type2 =District
|subdivision_name2 =Kāẓimiyyah
|leader_title =
|leader_name =
|established_title =
|established_date =
|area_total_km2 = 28
|population_as_of =2013
|population_footnotes =
|population_total =1,500,000
|population_density_km2 =
|timezone = AST
|utc_offset = +3
|coordinates = {{coord|33|22|50|N|44|20|50|E|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_footnotes =
|elevation_m =
|elevation_ft =
|website =
|footnotes =
}}Al-Kāẓimiyyah ({{lang-ar|الكاظمية}}, {{IPA-ar|alˈkaːðˤɪmijːa|pron}}) or al-Kāẓimayn ({{lang|ar|الكاظمين}}) is a northern neighbourhood of the city of Baghdad, Iraq. It is about {{convert|5|km}} from the city's center, on the west bank of the Tigris. Al-Kāẓimiyyah is also the name of one of nine administrative districts in Baghdad. Being the place of Masjid al-Kāẓimayn ({{lang-ar|مَـسْـجِـد الـكَـاظِـمَـيْـن}}, Mosque of the "Two who swallow their anger"), even before its inception into the urban area of Baghdad, it is regarded as a holy city by Twelver Shi'ites.[1]

Religious significance and history

{{See also|Iraq in the Quran}}
  • The Kāẓimayn ({{lang-ar|كَـاظِـمَـيْـن}}, "Two who swallow their anger"), from whom the Mosque and area of Kadhimiyyah are named, are the Twelver Shi'i Imams Musa al-Kadhim and his grandson, Muhammad al-Jawad ibn Ali al-Ridha. The qubur ({{lang-ar|قُـبـور}}, graves) of the Kāẓimayn, and scholars Mufid and Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, are within the premises of the Mosque.[1][2] The area that now constitutes Al-Kāẓimiyyah was originally the location of a graveyard reserved for members of the Quraysh. This land was set aside for this purpose by the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid. In its early history, the town was an important center of Shi'i learning, perhaps the main center, but over time the town declined, and other cities rose to prominence.
  • The location of the city has lent it to numerous plunders, that have resulted in damage to its shrines at different times in history. Among the most damage ever experienced by the town was after the Mongol Siege of Baghdad (1258) where the shrine of the Shi'i Imams was burnt down. The area was also an important center of Iraqi revolt against the British after World War I.
  • In 2005, a stampede occurred on Al-Aimmah Bridge over the Tigris River. About 1000 people were killed.[3]
  • Iraqi officials executed Saddam Hussein at an American operated facility in al-Kāẓimiyyah known as "Camp Justice".
  • Baghdad Security Plan: During Operation Imposing Law in 2007, there were rumours that United States' forces built walls around Al-Kadhimiyya Mosque. According to Iraqslogger.com, the protests that resulted were due to an agreement between Iraqi security officials and the Mahdi Army (now called the Peace Companies) that US forces would not come within {{convert|1000|m}} of the shrine.[4]
  • Pilgrims to the shrine were attacked on 30 April 2016, leading to wider protests.

Government and infrastructure

Kadhimiyya Women's Prison is in the area. Women on Iraq's death row are held at the Shaaba Khamsa death row facility at Camp Justice. As of 2014 the adult women's death row had 36 women as well as children even though the facility was only intended to hold 25 women.[5]

Education

{{expand section|date=May 2015}}Amil High School for Girls is in this neighborhood.[6]

See also

{{Portal|Iraq}}
  • Adhamiyah
  • Holiest sites in Shia Islam
  • List of neighborhoods and districts in Baghdad
  • List of places in Iraq

References

1. ^1 {{Cite web |title=Kadhimiya |work=Encyclopaedia of Iranian Architectural History |language=fa |url=http://iranshahrpedia.ir/view/9341 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003210802/http://iranshahrpedia.ir/view/9341 |archivedate=3 October 2015 |deadurl=no}}
2. ^{{cite web |title=تاریخچه حرم کاظمین |publisher=kazem.ommolketab.ir |url=http://kazem.ommolketab.ir/تاريخچه-حرم-كاظمين/ |accessdate=2017-06-15}} (in Persian)
3. ^{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4214926.stm |title=Sunni rescuer hailed as Iraq hero |publisher=BBC News |date=2005-09-05 |accessdate=2013-11-09}}
4. ^Exclusive "Bridges of Baghdad" Report.
5. ^"[https://www.hrw.org/report/2014/02/06/no-one-safe/abuse-women-iraqs-criminal-justice-system “No One is Safe” The Abuse of Women in Iraq’s Criminal Justice System]" ([https://www.webcitation.org/6e1R9820H Archive]). Human Rights Watch. February 6, 2014. Retrieved on December 25, 2015.
6. ^Partlow, Joshua. "[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/02/16/AR2007021602195.html For Baghdad's Uprooted Girls, School Offers A Hard Haven]" ([https://www.webcitation.org/6YJHm3zob Archive]). Washington Post. February 16, 2007. Retrieved on May 6, 2015.

External links

  • [https://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/22/world/middleeast/22shiites.html?_r=1&oref=slogin New York Times article about the district, May 18, 2007]
{{Administrative districts in Baghdad}}{{Tigris}}

5 : Administrative districts in Baghdad|Holy cities|Neighborhoods in Baghdad|Shia holy cities|Twelvers
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