“Kaduna”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Kaduna is the state capital of Kaduna State in north-western Nigeria, on the Kaduna River. It is a trade centre and a major transportation hub for the surrounding agricultural areas, with its rail and road junction. The population of Kaduna was at 760,084 as of the 2006 Nigerian census.

Rapid urbanisation since 2005 has created an increasingly large population, now estimated to be around 1.3 million. Kaduna's name derives from the Hausa word kada, for crocodile (kaduna being the plural form).^[2]

History

Kaduna was founded by British colonists in 1913 and became the capital of Nigeria's former Northern Region in 1917.^[3] It retained this status until 1967. The first British governor of Northern Nigeria, Sir Frederick Lugard, chose the present site for development due to its proximity to the Lagos-Kano Railway.^[4] Sir Ahmadu Bello, the premier of Northern Nigeria (1954-1966), was assassinated in Kaduna on 15 January, 1966 in a mainly Igbo military coup. This event contributed to the Nigerian Civil War (1967-1970).^[4]

The Nigerian Islamic umbrella association, Jama’atu Nasril Islam, is based in the city.^[5]

Religious strife

With both Muslim and Christian populations, Kaduna has been a site of religious tension between Muslims and Christians, particularly over the implementation of shari'a law in Kaduna State beginning in 2001. In February 2000, nearly 1,000 people were killed in a riot, and several cars and houses were burned to ashes. The city remains segregated to this day, with Muslims living mainly in the north and Christians in the south.^[6]

In 2002 some Muslims were offended by an article in a Lagos newspaper about the upcoming Miss World pageant scheduled for that week in the capital city of Abuja; it suggested that if Muhammad watched the beauty pageant he would end up marrying one of its contestants. A massive riot ensued. Churches were among the most frequently attacked targets: More than 20 were burned by Muslims. In retaliation, Christians burned eight mosques. Several hotels were also burned. The city suffered widespread damage, and 11,000 people were left homeless. The local offices of the newspaper that had published the offending article were burned. As a result, thousands of civilians fled the city to escape.

Civil unrest soon spread to the capital, Abuja. After four days of rioting, Nigerian security forces quelled the riots and arrested hundreds of rioters. The government imposed a temporary curfew, but although individual killings continued. Some 215 bodies were counted on the streets or in morgues, while others were buried by their families before being counted. 1,000 people were wounded. The funerals of many of the victims took place shortly after the riot ended.

Muslim rioters were tried in Sharia courts, while Christian rioters were tried by civilian jurisdictions. The editor of the newspaper that had published the article was arrested. [Isioma Daniel]], the reporter who wrote the article, resigned and fled to Norway.^[7]

Climate

{{Weather box
|location = Kaduna
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan record high C = 37.8
|Feb record high C = 37.8
|Mar record high C = 38.3
|Apr record high C = 38.3
|May record high C = 37.8
|Jun record high C = 34.4
|Jul record high C = 32.2
|Aug record high C = 31.7
|Sep record high C = 32.2
|Oct record high C = 34.4
|Nov record high C = 35.6
|Dec record high C = 35.6
|year record high C = 38.3
|Jan high C = 31.7
|Feb high C = 33.4
|Mar high C = 35.0
|Apr high C = 34.2
|May high C = 31.7
|Jun high C = 29.5
|Jul high C = 27.5
|Aug high C = 27.0
|Sep high C = 29.0
|Oct high C = 31.1
|Nov high C = 32.7
|Dec high C = 31.8
|year high C = 31.2
|Jan mean C = 23.4
|Feb mean C = 25.0
|Mar mean C = 27.7
|Apr mean C = 27.9
|May mean C = 26.3
|Jun mean C = 24.6
|Jul mean C = 23.4
|Aug mean C = 23.2
|Sep mean C = 24.0
|Oct mean C = 24.9
|Nov mean C = 24.2
|Dec mean C = 23.0
|year mean C = 24.8
|Jan low C = 15.1
|Feb low C = 16.7
|Mar low C = 20.4
|Apr low C = 21.6
|May low C = 20.9
|Jun low C = 19.8
|Jul low C = 19.4
|Aug low C = 19.3
|Sep low C = 19.1
|Oct low C = 18.7
|Nov low C = 15.6
|Dec low C = 14.3
|year low C = 18.4
|Jan record low C = 9.4
|Feb record low C = 8.9
|Mar record low C = 15.0
|Apr record low C = 14.7
|May record low C = 16.7
|Jun record low C = 15.6
|Jul record low C = 16.7
|Aug record low C = 16.7
|Sep record low C = 15.6
|Oct record low C = 13.3
|Nov record low C = 10.0
|Dec record low C = 9.4
|year record low C = 8.9
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 0.5
|Feb precipitation mm = 2
|Mar precipitation mm = 13
|Apr precipitation mm = 66
|May precipitation mm = 157
|Jun precipitation mm = 178
|Jul precipitation mm = 206
|Aug precipitation mm = 290
|Sep precipitation mm = 277
|Oct precipitation mm = 86
|Nov precipitation mm = 5
|Dec precipitation mm = 0
|year precipitation mm = 1280
|unit precipitation days = 0.3 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 0
|Feb precipitation days = 0
|Mar precipitation days = 2
|Apr precipitation days = 5
|May precipitation days = 13
|Jun precipitation days = 16
|Jul precipitation days = 18
|Aug precipitation days = 22
|Sep precipitation days = 21
|Oct precipitation days = 8
|Nov precipitation days = 0
|Dec precipitation days = 0
|year precipitation days = 105
|Jan humidity = 26
|Feb humidity = 24
|Mar humidity = 37
|Apr humidity = 57
|May humidity = 73
|Jun humidity = 82
|Jul humidity = 86
|Aug humidity = 88
|Sep humidity = 85
|Oct humidity = 74
|Nov humidity = 48
|Dec humidity = 31
|year humidity = 59
|Jan sun = 279.0
|Feb sun = 262.7
|Mar sun = 266.6
|Apr sun = 243.0
|May sun = 241.8
|Jun sun = 216.0
|Jul sun = 155.0
|Aug sun = 120.9
|Sep sun = 171.0
|Oct sun = 248.0
|Nov sun = 285.0
|Dec sun = 294.5
|year sun = 2783.5
|Jand sun = 9.0
|Febd sun = 9.3
|Mard sun = 8.6
|Aprd sun = 8.1
|Mayd sun = 7.8
|Jund sun = 7.2
|Juld sun = 5.0
|Augd sun = 3.9
|Sepd sun = 5.7
|Octd sun = 8.0
|Novd sun = 9.5
|Decd sun = 9.5
|yeard sun = 7.6
|source 1 = Deutscher Wetterdienst^[8]

}}

Demographics

Muslims compose roughly 60% of the population and Christians constitute roughly 40% of the population.^[2]

Economy and transport

Kaduna is an industrial centre of Northern Nigeria and the Middle Belt, manufacturing products like textiles, machinery, steel, aluminium, petroleum products and bearings. However, the textile industry has been declining because of factory closings due to neglect during military rule and competition with Chinese imports. Automobile manufacturing also remains an important part of Kaduna's economy.^[2] Pottery is highly prized from Kaduna, especially from the Nok culture, which precedes Abuja and Minna. Other light manufactures include: plastics, pharmaceuticals, leather goods, furniture, and televisions.^[4] Some of the main agricultural exports include: cotton, peanuts, sorghum, and ginger.^[9]

One of Nigeria's four main oil refineries is located in Kaduna. It is supplied by a pipeline from the Niger Delta oil fields.^[4]

A 2009 World Bank survey states that Kaduna is one of the top six cities with the highest unemployment. 20% of the population is estimated to be unemployed.^[2]

The main highway through the city is called Ahmadu Bello Way. Many of the place names come from past sultans, emirs and decorated Civil War heroes. Kaduna has a large market, recently rebuilt after an extensive fire in the mid-1990s.

There is a large racecourse, approximately {{convert|1|mi|km|order=flip}} round, inside which the Ahmadu Yakubu Polo Club and Kaduna Crocodile Club are situated, whilst the Kaduna and Rugby Clubs are on the periphery.

There are two airports, one of which is Kaduna Airport. Chanchangi Airlines has its head office in Kaduna.^[10]

Railways

Kaduna is an important junction on Nigeria's Cape gauge railway network. At Kaduna, a branch line connects the Lagos–Nguru Railway to the Port Harcourt–Maidugur Railway.

Kaduna is also on the route of the planned Lagos–Kano Standard Gauge Railway, which has been completed between the national capital of Abuja and Kaduna. Trains for Abuja depart from the Rigasa Railway Station in Kaduna.^[11]

Notable residents

See also

References

1. ^Summing the 2 LGAs Kaduna North/South as per {{cite web|url=http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/nbsapps/Connections/Pop2006.pdf |title=Legal Notice on Publication of the Details of the Breakdown of the National and State Provisional Totals 2006 Census |author=Federal Republic of Nigeria Official Gazette |date=15 May 2007 |format=PDF |accessdate=2007-05-19 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305101910/http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/nbsapps/Connections/Pop2006.pdf |archivedate= 5 March 2012 |df= }}
2. ^¹²³{{Cite web|url=https://citiesintransition.net/fct-cities/kaduna/|title=Kaduna|last=|first=|date=|website=The Forum for Cities in Transition|publisher=|access-date=13 November 2016}}
3. ^{{cite book|last=Fletcher|first=Banister |author2=Dan Cruickshank |title=Sir Banister Fletcher's a History of Architecture|year=1996|chapter=Africa|publisher=Architectural Press|isbn= 0-7506-2267-9|page=1466}}
4. ^¹²³⁴{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Kaduna-Nigeria|title=Kaduna|last=|first=|date=|website=Encyclopædia Britannica|publisher=|access-date=13 November 2016}}
5. ^Nagendra Kr Singh. International Encyclopaedia of Islamic Dynasties. Anmol Publications PVT. LTD., 2002. {{ISBN|81-261-0403-1}}, {{ISBN|978-81-261-0403-1}}. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Qqwv7cm80NIC&pg=PA411&dq=Jama%E2%80%99atu+Nasril+Islam&hl=en&ei=qCAuTfDmOMT58Abv_8HnCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Jama%E2%80%99atu%20Nasril%20Islam&f=false Pg 411]
6. ^{{cite news| url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2579825.stm| title = Kaduna: Nigeria's religious flashpoint| accessdate = 2007-04-06 | date=2002-12-20 | first=Dan | last=Isaacs | work=BBC News}}
7. ^{{cite news| url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2510743.stm| title = BBC News - Nigeria Buries Its Dead| accessdate = 2009-02-07 | date=2002-11-25}}
8. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_650190_kt.pdf| title = Klimatafel von Kaduna / Nigeria| work = Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world| publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst| language = German| accessdate = 14 July 2016}}
9. ^{{Cite web|url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ulh&AN=39015260&site=ehost-live|title=Kaduna|last=|first=|date=|website=Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia|publisher=|isbn=9780787650155|access-date=13 November 2016|edition=6th}}
10. ^"Contacts {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091227082502/http://www.chanchangi.com/website/contacts.html |date=2009-12-27 }}." Chanchangi Airlines. Retrieved on 19 October 2009.
11. ^{{cite news|last1=Muhammad|first1=Hamisu|title=A memorable trip on the Abuja-Kaduna train|url=http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/news/general/a-memorable-trip-on-the-abuja-kaduna-train/156469.html|work=Daily Trust|date=23 July 2016}}
12. ^{{cite news | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/17/world/africa/17abdulmutallab.html | work=The New York Times | first=Adam | last=Nossiter | title=Lonely Trek to Radicalism for Terror Suspect | date=2010-01-17}}

13. https://www.powpedia.com/news.php#news5 Kaduna Seminar on Business and Agriculture

14. {{Cite news|url=https://www.hausa.ng/bikin-sallah-an-rufe-wuraren-shakatawa-a-kaduna/|title=Bikin Sallah: An rufe wuraren shakatawa a Kaduna|date=2018-08-13|work=Hausa.ng|access-date=2018-10-22|language=en-US}}