| 词条 | Kaiping | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name = {{raise|0.2em|Kaiping}} |official_name = |native_name = {{lower|0.1em|{{nobold|{{lang|zh-hans|开平市}}}}}} |other_name = |postal_code = 529300 |postal_code_type = Postal code |pushpin_label_position = top |pushpin_map = China Guangdong |pushpin_map_caption = Location of the city centre in Guangdong |pushpin_mapsize = 250 |seat = Changsha Subdistrict ({{lang|zh-hans|长沙街道}}) |seat_type = County seat |settlement_type = County-level city |image_skyline = European Style Street.jpg |imagesize = 250px |image_caption = Dixi Road in Chikan, Kaiping |image_map = Location_of_Kaiping_within_Guangdong_(China).png |map_caption = Location of Kaiping City (red) in Kaiping (pink), Guangdong province, and the PRC |mapsize = 250px |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = People's Republic of China |subdivision_type1 = Province |subdivision_name1 = Guangdong |subdivision_type2 = Prefecture-level city |subdivision_name2 = Jiangmen |area_code = 0750 |area_total_km2 = 1659 |population_as_of = 2017 census |population_density_km2 = auto |population_total = 688242 |coordinates = {{coord|22.3773|N|112.6982|E|type:adm3rd_region:CN-44_source:Gaode|format=dms|display=it}} |elevation_ft = |elevation_m = |timezone = China Standard |utc_offset = +8 |website = {{URL|www.kaiping.gov.cn/}} }}{{Infobox Chinese |s={{linktext|开平}} |t={{linktext|開平}} |p=Kāipíng |w=K‘ai-p‘ing |j=Hoi1-ping4 |toi=Hoi3-pen6{{nbsp}}(local) |psp=Hoiping |showflag=toip |order=st }} Kaiping ({{zh|s=开平}}), formerly romanized in Cantonese as Hoiping,{{efn|The Postal Map romanization is based on the local Cantonese pronunciation. Other romanizations include Kae Ping.{{sfnp|Bolton & al.|1941|p=[https://books.google.com.hk/books?id=6irEoGgDrm4C&pg=PA262 262]}}}} is a county-level city in Guangdong Province, China. It is located west of the Pearl River Delta and administered as part of the prefecture-level city of Jiangmen. The surrounding area, especially Sze Yup ({{zh|links=no |c=四邑}}), is the ancestral homeland of many overseas Chinese, particularly in the United States.[1] Kaiping has a population of 688,242 as of 2017 and an area of {{convert|1,659|km²}}.[2] The locals speak a variant of the Toishan (Hoisan) dialect. HistoryDuring the Northern Song dynasty, Kaipjng was under the administration of Xin'an county ({{lang|zh-hant|信安縣}}）[3]{{full citation needed|date=October 2018}} Under the Qing (1649), {{nowrap|Kaiping County}} made up part of the commandery of Zhaoqing.{{sfnp|Bolton & al.|1941|p=[https://books.google.com.hk/books?id=6irEoGgDrm4C&pg=PA262 262]}} It was promoted to county-level city status in 1993. AdministrationAdministratively, Kaiping is administered as part of the prefecture-level city of Jiangmen.
GeographyKaiping city centre is located on the Tanjiang River, {{convert|140|km}} away from Guangzhou, on the edge of the county Kaiping west of the Pearl River Delta. Kaiping consists of broken terrain, mostly either rocky or swampy, with only a third of the land arable.[1] The county is shaped like a giant question mark (see map, in pink) and includes rural areas as well as three port cities: Changsha, Xinchang, and Dihai. SightsKaiping Diaolou{{main|Kaiping Diaolou}}Kaiping Diaolous ({{lang|zh-hans|碉楼}}) are fortified multi-storey towers constructed in the village countryside of mainly the Kaiping area. They were built from the early Qing Dynasty to the early 20th century, reaching a peak in the 1920s and 1930s, with the financial aid of overseas Chinese, when there were more than three thousand of these structures. Today, approximately 1,800 diaolou are still standing, with the most in the towns of Tangkou ({{lang|zh-hans|塘口镇}}), Baihe ({{lang|zh-hans|百合镇}}), Chikan ({{lang|zh-hans|赤坎镇}}), and Xiangang ({{lang|zh-hans|蚬冈镇}}), in that order (see map in article by Batto).[5]In the late 19th and early 20th century, Kaiping was a region of major emigration abroad, and a melting pot of ideas and trends brought back by overseas Chinese, Huaqiao, made good.[1] As a consequence, many watchtowers incorporated architectural features from China and the West. These were examples of the Qiaoxiang ({{lang|zh-hant|僑鄉}}) architecture.[6] The diaolou were built by villagers during a time of chaos and served two purposes: housing and protecting against forays by bandits.[5] In 2007, the Kaiping diaolou and villages were added to the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites and consist of four separate restored village areas: Zilicun village ({{lang|zh|自力村}}) in Tangkou, Sanmenli village ({{lang|zh-hans|三门里}}) in Chikan, Jinjiangli village ({{lang|zh-hans|锦江里}}) in Xiangang, and Majianglong village cluster ({{lang|zh-hans|马降龙村落群}}) in Baihe township.[7] The Kaiping diaolou was the location for parts of the filming of 2010 movie Let the Bullets Fly ({{lang|zh-hans|让子弹飞}}).[8] Examples of diaolous include:
Chikan{{main|Chikan, Kaiping}}Chikan ({{lang|zh|赤坎}}) is officially designated as a National Historic and Cultural Town of China ({{lang|zh-hans|中国历史文化名镇}}). The old town of Chikan has many historical sites that are about one hundred years old. For example, it has over 600 late-Qing and early-Republic historic Tong laus or Qilous ({{lang|zh-hant|唐樓/ 騎樓}}) continuous, spanning over a length of 3 kilometers, including the riverside stretch along Dixi Lu ({{lang|zh|堤西路}}), sometimes referred to as 'European Styled Street'. Part of old Chikan town has been designated Chikan Studio City ({{lang|zh-hans|赤坎影视城}}) for filming of historical scenes. Chikan township also has two restored diaolous: Yinglonglou, built by the Guan ({{lang|zh-hans|关族}}) lineage in the Ming dynasty, and Nanlou, memorialized by the martyrdom of seven Situ clan ({{lang|zh|司徒族}}) members in the early 20th century. Historically, Chikan has been shaped by these two competing clans.[1] One example is the existence of two libraries: the Situ's library, opened in 1926, and, not to be outdone, the Guan's library, opened in 1931; both libraries funded by overseas Chinese and incorporated architecture features from overseas. It is a famous and well-known location for braised pork in noodles to locals. Chikan is to become a tourist destination and the closing of local stores, dining posts, and streets are scheduled for the summer of 2017.[9] MiscellaneousKaiping has been twinned with Mesa, Arizona, United States, since October 18, 1993. Kaiping was a major source of emigrants at the turn of the 20th century. As a result, a large number of early Chinese Canadian and Chinese American communities had people who originated from Kaiping and its neighboring counties of Taishan, Enping and Xinhui, which is known collectively as Sze Yup. It is said that there are more Kaipingnese people living abroad today than there are Kaipingnese in Kaiping. In a 2016 report, Deloitte estimated that there are 750,000 Kaiping-born overseas Chinese.[10] In 1973, various people originated from Kaiping started the Hoi Ping Chamber of Commerce Secondary School in Hong Kong. Climate{{Weather box|width=auto|metric first=y |single line=y |collapsed = Y |location = Kaiping (1981−2010) |Jan high C = 19.0 |Feb high C = 20.1 |Mar high C = 22.5 |Apr high C = 26.9 |May high C = 30.2 |Jun high C = 31.7 |Jul high C = 32.8 |Aug high C = 32.7 |Sep high C = 31.3 |Oct high C = 29.1 |Nov high C = 25.3 |Dec high C = 21.0 |Jan mean C = 15.0 |Feb mean C = 16.2 |Mar mean C = 18.9 |Apr mean C = 23.4 |May mean C = 26.5 |Jun mean C = 28.1 |Jul mean C = 28.9 |Aug mean C = 28.7 |Sep mean C = 27.6 |Oct mean C = 25.1 |Nov mean C = 21.1 |Dec mean C = 16.9 |year mean C = |Jan low C = 12.1 |Feb low C = 13.6 |Mar low C = 16.4 |Apr low C = 20.9 |May low C = 23.9 |Jun low C = 25.6 |Jul low C = 26.2 |Aug low C = 26.1 |Sep low C = 24.8 |Oct low C = 22.1 |Nov low C = 17.8 |Dec low C = 13.7 |Jan record high C = 28.5 |Jan record low C = 3.3 |Feb record high C = 29.3 |Feb record low C = 3.3 |Mar record high C = 31.7 |Mar record low C = 6.9 |Apr record high C = 33.8 |Apr record low C = 9.3 |May record high C = 35.2 |May record low C = 17.3 |Jun record high C = 38.0 |Jun record low C = 18.3 |Jul record high C = 39.4 |Jul record low C = 22.6 |Aug record high C = 37.8 |Aug record low C = 22.2 |Sep record high C = 36.0 |Sep record low C = 16.9 |Oct record high C = 35.8 |Oct record low C = 14.3 |Nov record high C = 33.3 |Nov record low C = 8.9 |Dec record high C = 29.3 |Dec record low C = 2.5 |year high C= |year low C= |year high F = |year low F = |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 36.4 |Feb precipitation mm = 66.0 |Mar precipitation mm = 66.6 |Apr precipitation mm = 197.7 |May precipitation mm = 267.5 |Jun precipitation mm = 334.1 |Jul precipitation mm = 269.5 |Aug precipitation mm = 294.4 |Sep precipitation mm = 195.3 |Oct precipitation mm = 72.0 |Nov precipitation mm = 41.3 |Dec precipitation mm = 29.7 |Jan humidity = 71 |Feb humidity = 77 |Mar humidity = 81 |Apr humidity = 82 |May humidity = 80 |Jun humidity = 83 |Jul humidity = 80 |Aug humidity = 81 |Sep humidity = 76 |Oct humidity = 69 |Nov humidity = 65 |Dec humidity = 65 |source 1 = China Meteorological Data Service Center }} Notes{{noteslist}}ReferencesCitations1. ^1 2 3 {{Cite book|title=Social organization in South China, 1911-1949: the case of the Kuan lineage in K'ai-p'ing county|last=Woon|first=Yuen-fong|publisher=Center for Chinese Studies, University of Michigan|year=1984|isbn=0-89264-051-0|location=Ann Arbor, MI|pages=}} 2. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.xzqh.org/html/gd/07_55.html |title=Profile of Kaiping |publisher= |date= |accessdate=2008-07-12 | language = zh-hans |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100118135323/http://www.xzqh.org/html/gd/07_55.html |archivedate=January 18, 2010 }} 3. ^{{lang|zh-hant|《 廣東省廣州市佛山地區韶關地區沿革地理》}} [Adjibistration alteration of Guangzhou, Foshan and Shaoguan] 4. ^{{cite book| author1=Census Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China| author2=Population and Employment Statistics Division of the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China |title=| script-title=zh:中国2010人口普查分乡、镇、街道资料|date=2012|publisher=China Statistics Print|location=Beijing|isbn=978-7-5037-6660-2|edition=1}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite web |last1=Batto |first1=Patricia R.S. |title=The Diaolou of Kaiping (1842-1937): Buildings for dangerous times |url=https://chinaperspectives.revues.org/1033 |website=China Perspectives |access-date=25 May 2017 |language=en |translator-first=Jonathan |translator-last=Hall |date=July–August 2006 |quote=...the diaolou were built in the countryside, in villages and on the initiative of the peasants themselves. Contrary to normal expectations, thanks to emigration we can see a certain “cosmopolitanism” among the peasants in Kaiping... the diaolou are the epitome of overseas Chinese culture, embodied in stone.}} 6. ^{{cite book|last1=Pan|first1=Lynn|title=The Encyclopedia of the Chinese Overseas|date=1999|publisher=Harvard University Press|location=Cambridge, MA|isbn=0674252101|pages=28–29}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=Kaiping Diaolou and Villages|url=http://whc.unesco.org/uploads/nominations/1112.pdf|website=UNESCO World Heritage Convention|accessdate=25 May 2017|date=2007}} 8. ^{{cite web|title=Kaiping "Diaolou" - Location of "Let the Bullets Fly"|url=http://english.cri.cn/6566/2010/12/03/1881s608371.htm|website=CRI english|accessdate=27 May 2017|date=December 2010}} 9. ^{{cite web|title=Families who’ve lived in old Chinese town for generations being kicked out to make way for tourists|url=http://www.scmp.com/news/china/economy/article/2106677/families-whove-lived-old-chinese-town-generations-being-kicked|website=south china morning post|accessdate=4 October 2017|date=28 August 2017}} 10. ^{{cite web|last1=Deloitte 德勤|title=Research Report on Investment Environment Kaiping, Guangdong|url=https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/kr/Documents/china-business-center/2016/kr_cbc_investment_guangdong-kaiping_en_201612.pdf|website=deloitte.com|date=2016}} Bibliography
Guangdong Zheng Guangzhou shi fishan di qu shaoguan di qu yuan he di Li ( history of geographical alterations of Guangzhou, Foshan and Shaoguan ({{lang|zh-hant|廣東省廣州市佛山地區韶關地區沿革地理》}}) Author: Zhu, peng Xur Lin publishing limited 1984 External links{{Commons category|Kaiping}}- http://english.kaiping.gov.cn/gover_affair.asp?InfoId=1205&ClassId=72 (Kaiping Press Release for future high speed rail station)
2 : Kaiping|World Heritage Sites in China |
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