请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 Kalapuyan languages
释义

  1. Family division

  2. Genetic relations

  3. References

  4. Further reading

  5. External links

{{Infobox language family
|name=Kalapuya
|region=Northwest Oregon
|ethnicity=Kalapuya people
|familycolor=American
|fam1=Penutian ?
|glotto=kala1402
|glottorefname=Kalapuyan
|map=Kalapuyan langs.png
|mapcaption=
}}Kalapuyan (also Kalapuya) is a small extinct language family that was spoken in the Willamette Valley of Western Oregon, United States. It consists of three languages.[1]

Family division

Kalapuyan consists of

1. Northern Kalapuya † (also known as Tualatin–Yamhill)

2. Central Kalapuya † (several dialects, including Santiam)

3. Yoncalla † (also known as Southern Kalapuya)

Genetic relations

Kalapuyan is usually connected with the various Penutian proposals, originally as part of an Oregon Penutian branch along with Takelma, Siuslaw, Alsea and Coosan.[2] A special relationship with Takelma had been proposed, together forming a "Takelma-Kalapuyan" or "Takelman" family.[3][4][5][6] However, an unpublished paper by Tarpent & Kendall (1998)[7] finds this relationship to be unfounded because of the extremely different morphological structures of Takelma and Kalapuyan.

{{clr}}

References

1. ^Berman, H. (1990). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1265442 An Outline of Kalapuya Historical Phonology.] International Journal of American Linguistics, 56(1), 27-59.
2. ^Sapir, E. (1921). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1263181 A Characteristic Penutian Form of Stem.] International Journal of American Linguistics, 2(1/2), 58-67.
3. ^Frachtenberg, L. (1918). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1262825 Comparative Studies in Takelman, Kalapuyan and Chinookan Lexicography, a Preliminary Paper]. International Journal of American Linguistics, 1(2), 175-182.
4. ^Swadesh, M. (1965). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1263898 Kalapuya and Takelma]. International Journal of American Linguistics, 31(3), 237-240.
5. ^Shipley, W. (1969). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1264690 Proto-Takelman]. International Journal of American Linguistics, 35(3), 226-230.
6. ^Kendall, D. (1997). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1265863 The Takelma Verb: Toward Proto-Takelma-Kalapuyan]. International Journal of American Linguistics, 63(1), 1-17.
7. ^cited in: Mithun, Marianne. (1999). The languages of Native North America, pp. 432-433. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Further reading

  • Campbell, Lyle. (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|0-19-509427-1}}.
  • Goddard, Ives (Ed.). (1996). Languages. Handbook of North American Indians (W. C. Sturtevant, General Ed.) (Vol. 17). Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution. {{ISBN|0-16-048774-9}}.
  • {{cite book|last1=Jacobs|first1=Melville|title=Kalapuya Texts|date=1945|publisher=University of Washington|series=University of Washington Publications in Anthropology|volume=Volume 11|location=Seattle}}
  • Mithun, Marianne. (1999). The languages of Native North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|0-521-23228-7}} (hbk); {{ISBN|0-521-29875-X}}.
  • Sturtevant, William C. (Ed.). (1978–present). Handbook of North American Indians (Vol. 1-20). Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution. (Vols. 1-3, 16, 18-20 not yet published).
{{refend}}

External links

  • [https://www.sfu.ca/nwjl/Articles/V001_N02/Banks.html The Verbal Morphology of Santiam Kalapuya] (Northwest Journal of Linguistics)
{{Penutian languages}}{{Oregon Native History}}{{Language families}}

10 : Kalapuyan languages|Language families|Kalapuya|Penutian languages|Indigenous languages of Oregon|Indigenous languages of the Pacific Northwest Coast|Languages of the United States|Extinct languages of North America|Native American history of Oregon|Willamette Valley
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/9/23 0:41:36