| 词条 | Kalinga (province) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Kalinga | official_name = Province of Kalinga[1] | native_name = | other_name = | settlement_type = {{PH wikidata|settlement_type}} | image_skyline = | image_caption = | image_flag = PH-KAL Flag.png | flag_size = 100x80px | image_seal = {{PH wikidata|image_seal}} | seal_size = 100x80px | image_map = {{PH wikidata|image_map}} | map_caption = Location in the Philippines | coordinates = {{coord|region:PH_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwiki|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{PH wikidata|country}} | subdivision_type1 = Region | subdivision_name1 = {{PH wikidata|region}} | established_title = Founded | established_date = May 8, 1995 | seat_type = Capital | seat = {{PH wikidata|seat}} | government_type = {{PH wikidata|government_type}} | leader_party = Sr. Felisa Pedro | leader_title = Governor | leader_name = Jocel Baac (Liberal Party) | leader_title1 = Congressman | leader_name1 = Allen Jesse Mangaoang (Liberal Party) | leader_title2 = Vice Governor | leader_name2 = James Eduba(Nacionalista Party) | area_footnotes = [2] | area_total_km2 = {{PH wikidata|area}} | area_rank = 41st out of 81 | elevation_max_m = 2,329 | elevation_max_point = Mount Binuluan | population_footnotes = {{PH census|current|CAR}} | population_total = {{PH wikidata|population_total}} | population_as_of = {{PH wikidata|population_as_of}} | population_rank = 71st out of 81 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_density_rank = 78th out of 81 | demographics_type1 = Divisions | demographics1_title1 = Independent cities | demographics1_info1 = 0 | demographics1_title2 = Component cities | demographics1_info2 = {{Collapsible list | titlestyle = font-weight:normal;text-align:left;background-color:WhiteSmoke; | title = 1 | Tabuk }} | demographics1_title3 = Municipalities | demographics1_info3 = {{Collapsible list | titlestyle = font-weight:normal;text-align:left;background-color:WhiteSmoke; | title = 7 | Balbalan | Lubuagan | Pasil | Pinukpuk | Rizal | Tanudan | Tinglayan }} | demographics1_title4 = Barangays | demographics1_info4 = 152 | demographics1_title5 = Districts | demographics1_info5 = Lone district of Kalinga | timezone = PHT | utc_offset = +8 | postal_code_type = ZIP code | postal_code = {{PH wikidata|postal_code}} | area_code_type = {{areacodestyle}} | area_code = {{PH wikidata|area_code}} | iso_code = {{PH wikidata|iso_code}} | blank_name_sec1 = Spoken languages | blank_info_sec1 = {{hlist | Kalinga | Ilocano | Gaddang | Tagalog | English }} | website = {{PH wikidata|website}} | short_description = Province of the Philippines }} Kalinga is a landlocked province in the Philippines situated within the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon. Its capital is Tabuk and borders Mountain Province to the south, Abra to the west, Isabela to the east, Cagayan to the northeast, and Apayao to the north. Kalinga and Apayao are the result of the 1995 partitioning of the former province of Kalinga-Apayao; which was seen to better service the respective needs of the various indigenous peoples in the area. Unbeknownst to many, President Emilio Aguinaldo proclaimed Lubuagan town the seat of government for 73 days from {{date|March 6, 1900}} to {{date|May 18, 1900}} before finally fleeing to Palanan.[3][4] {{TOC limit|3}}EtymologyThe province's name is derived from the Ibanag and Gaddang noun "kalinga", which means "enemy", "fighter", or "headtaker".[5] GeographyKalinga covers a total area of {{convert|{{PH wikidata|area}}|km2}}{{PSGC detail|nscb}} occupying the central section of the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon. The province is bordered by Mountain Province to the south, Abra to the west, Isabela to the east, Cagayan to the northeast, and Apayao to the north.. The topography of Kalinga province is rugged and sloping, with mountain peaks ranging from {{convert|1500|to|2500|m}} in elevation. The province’s western side is characterised by sharp, crested, interlinking peaks of steep slopes, isolated flatlands, plateaus and valleys. The eastern lands are mainly of rolling and gradually sloping foothills. Large swaths of the province's lowlands are open grassland suitable for pasture, while the highlands have extensive areas of tropical rainforest. In higher elevations to the west, particularly in the mountains of Balbalan, lie some of the most intact pine forests of Luzon island. Rizal and Tabuk with their flatlands are the biggest rice producers. Next in rice production are the mountainous area, and of note are the rice terraces of Balbalan, Lubuagan, Pasil, Pinukpuk, Tinglayan, and Tanudan. {{clear left}}ClimateThe province experiences an average temperature ranging from {{convert|17|to|22|C|F}} with Type 3 weather patterns. The dry season extends from November to April, while the rest of the year is considered the rainy season, the heaviest rains usually occurring from July to October. HydrologyThe province is drained mainly by the Chico River, with its headwaters in the Mountain Province and emptying into the Cagayan River. The Chico River has several tributaries: Bunog River in Tinglayan in the south; the Tanudan and Biga Rivers in the east; Pasil River in the central area; and Poswoy, Dao-angan, Mabaca and Saltan Rivers in the west. Several small lakes can also be found in Kalinga. {{clear left}}Administrative divisionsKalinga comprises one city and seven municipalities, all encompassed by a single legislative district. Tabuk was proclaimed a component city in 2007, but in November 2008 the Supreme Court of the Philippines ruled that its cityhood was unconstitutional. However, Tabuk had its city status reinstated by the Supreme Court on December 22, 2009.[6]{{col-begin|width=auto}}{{col-break}}
BarangaysThe 7 municipalities and 1 city of the province comprise a total of 152 barangays, with Bulanao in Tabuk City as the most populous in 2010, and Anggacan Sur in Tanudan as the least. If cities are excluded, Pinukpuk Junction in Pinukpuk municipality has the highest population.{{PSGC detail|nscb}} {{Further|List of barangays in Kalinga}}Demographics{{Philippine Census| align = left | cols = 2 | title = Population census of Kalinga | 1918 = 27467 | 1939 = 31320 | 1948 = 36777 | 1960 = 59927 | 1970 = 86597 | 1975 = 102110 | 1980 = 114382 | 1990 = 137055 | 1995 = 154145 | 2000 = 174023 | 2007 = 182326 | 2010 = 201613 | 2015 = 212680 | footnote = Source: Philippine Statistics Authority{{PH census|2015|CAR}}{{PH census|2010|CAR}}{{PH census|2010}} }}{{bar box | title = Population by ethnicity (2000)[7] | titlebar = #CCCCFF | left1 = Ethnicity | right2 = Number | float = right | barwidth = 6.5em | bars ={{bar pixel | Kalinga | #000040| 64.37| | {{number and percent | 111,774 | 173,638 | 2}} }}{{bar pixel | Ilocano | #404070| 23.98| | {{number and percent | 41,633 | 173,638 | 2}} }}{{bar pixel | Kankanaey | #9494AF| 2.55| | {{number and percent | 4,421 | 173,638 | 2}} }}{{bar pixel | Ibontoc | #AFAFC3| 1.61| | {{number and percent | 2,804 | 173,638 | 2}} }}{{bar pixel | Tagalog | #C3C3D2| 1.28| | {{number and percent | 2,227 | 173,638 | 2}} }}{{bar pixel | Applai | #D2D2DE| 1.00| | {{number and percent | 1,730 | 173,638 | 2 | pad=yes}} }}{{bar gap| }}{{bar pixel | Others | #707094| 4.67| | {{number and percent | 8,115 | 173,638 | 2}} }}{{bar pixel | Not Reported | #DEDEE6| 0.54| | {{number and percent | 930 | 173,638 | 2}} }}{{bar pixel | Other foreign ethnicity | #E6E6EC| 0| | {{number and percent | 4 | 173,638 | 3}} }} }} The population of Kalinga in the {{PH wikidata|population_as_of}} was {{PH wikidata|population_total}} people,{{PH census|current|CAR}} with a density of {{convert|{{sigfig|{{PH wikidata|population_total}}/{{PH wikidata|area}}|2}}|PD/km2|disp=or}}. On the 2000 census survey, Kalinga people comprised {{percent and number|111,774|173,638|2}} of the total provincial population of 173,638. Ilocanos came in second at {{percent and number|41,633|173,638|2}}, while other ethnic groups in the province were the Kankanaey at {{percent and number|4,421|173,638|2}}, Bontoc at {{percent and number|2,804|173,638|2}}, Tagalog at {{percent and number|2,227|173,638|2}} and Applai at {{percent and number|1,730|173,638|2}}.[7] The primary language spoken is Kalinga, including its dialects of Balangao, Butbut, Limos, Lower Tanudan, Lubuagan, Mabaka, Madukayang, Southern Kalingan, and Upper Tanudan. Gaddang, as well as Ilocano, Tagalog, and English are also spoken in as lingua francas with varying degrees of proficiency. {{clear left}}CultureThere are many sub-tribes in the province. The strong sense of tribal membership and filial loyalty results in frequent tribal unrest and occasional outright war. Due to the mountainous terrain and warrior-culture of the people, the Kalinga were able to preserve their culture despite centuries of occupation in the lowlands by the Spaniards, Americans, and the Japanese. The Kalinga people are highlanders and the most extensive rice farmers of the Cordillera peoples, having been blessed with some of the most suitable land for both wet and dry rice farming. Like the Ifugao, the Kalinga are prolific terrace builders. The Kalinga are also skilled craftsmen, well-versed in basketry, loom weaving, metalsmithing, and pottery, the last centred in the lower Chico River Valley. In February 22, 2019, the Department of Tourism announced the bid of Digdiga Ni Tupayya, a Kalinga courtship dance, to be included in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists.[8][9] References1. ^({{lang-ilo|Probinsia ti Kalinga}}; {{lang-tl|Lalawigan ng Kalinga}}) 2. ^{{cite web|title=List of Provinces |url=http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/listprov.asp |work=PSGC Interactive |publisher=National Statistical Coordination Board |accessdate=2 January 2014 |location=Makati City, Philippines |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6DpMOBTiK?url=http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/listprov.asp |archivedate=21 January 2013 |df= }} 3. ^{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.lubuagan.gov.ph/index.php/about-us/history |website=Municipality of Lubuagan |accessdate=14 March 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831115057/http://lubuagan.gov.ph/index.php/about-us/history |archivedate={{date|31 Aug 2018}}}} 4. ^{{cite web |title=Municipality of Lubuagan |url=https://www.dilgcar.com/index.php/2015-07-10-09-29-38/municipality-of-lubuagan |website=Department of Interior and Local Government-Cordillera Administrative Region |accessdate=14 March 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322164018/https://www.dilgcar.com/index.php/2015-07-10-09-29-38/municipality-of-lubuagan |archivedate={{date|22 Mar 2016}}}} 5. ^http://nlpdl.nlp.gov.ph:81/CC01/NLP00VM052mcd/v1/v27.pdf 6. ^{{cite news|last1=Pulta|first1=Benjamin B.|title=SC reverses self, upholds creation of 16 cities|url=http://www.tribuneonline.org/nation/20091223nat1.html|accessdate=26 July 2016|publisher=The Daily Tribune|date=23 December 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807133221/http://www.tribuneonline.org/nation/20091223nat1.html|archivedate=7 August 2011}} 7. ^1 {{cite web|title=Females Better Educated in Kalinga; Table 5. Household Population by Ethnicity and Sex: Kalinga, 2000|url=https://www.census.gov.ph/data/pressrelease/2002/pr0259tx.html|website=Philippine Statistics Authority|accessdate=26 July 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319153557/http://www.census.gov.ph/data/pressrelease/2002/pr0259tx.html|archivedate=19 March 2012|date=29 May 2002}} 8. ^{{cite news |last1=Geminiano |first1=Pamela Mariz |title=DOT eyes Kalinga courtship dance in UNESCO heritage list |url=http://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1062739 |accessdate=14 March 2019 |work=Philippine News Agency |date={{date|22 Feb 2019}} |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190314080044/http://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1062739 |archivedate=14 March 2019 |language=en}} 9. ^http://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1062739 External links{{GeoGroup}}
| Centre = Kalinga | North = Apayao | Northeast = Cagayan | Southeast = Isabela | South = Mountain Province | West = Abra }}{{Kalinga|state=expanded}}{{Navboxes |title = Articles related to Kalinga |list1 ={{Cordillera Administrative Region}}{{Luzon lateral}}{{Philippines topics}} }} 4 : Provinces of the Philippines|Kalinga (province)|States and territories established in 1995|1995 establishments in the Philippines |
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