| 词条 | Kalka |
| 释义 |
|official_name = Kalka |nickname = |settlement_type = Town |motto = |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |pushpin_map = India Haryana#India |pushpin_label_position = bottom |pushpin_mapsize = |pushpin_map_caption = |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} |subdivision_type1 = State |subdivision_name1 = Haryana |subdivision_type2 = District |subdivision_name2 = Panchkula |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |established_title = Founded |established_date = 1842 |area_magnitude = |unit_pref = metric |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = 2 |area_land_km2 = |population_as_of = 2011 |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = 34134 |Urban = 86550 |population_density_km2 = |timezone = IST |utc_offset = +5.30 |coordinates = {{coord|30.83|N|76.93|E|display=inline,title}} |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = 656 |elevation_ft = |postal_code_type = Post code |postal_code = 133302 |area_code = 1733 |registration_plate = HR-49 |website = |footnotes = }} Kalka is a town in the Panchkula district of Haryana, India. The name of this town is derived from the goddess Kali. The town is situated in the foothills of the Himalayas and is a gateway to the neighbouring state of Himachal Pradesh. It is on the National Highway 22 between Chandigarh and Shimla, and it is the terminus of the Kalka-Shimla Railway. To the south of Kalka is Pinjore, and the industrial village of Parwanoo (Himachal Pradesh) is to the north on the NH 22. Industrial development has led to a continuous urban belt from Pinjore to Parwanoo, but Kalka remains largely unaffected by these developments. Nearby is Chandimandir Cantonment where the Western Command of the Indian army is based. In 2013 it has come under the jurisdiction of Panchkula Municipal Corporation and its municipal committee has been dissolved. HistoryThe town takes its name from Kalika maa the ruling deity. Kalka was acquired by British India from the Princely state of Patiala in 1843 as a stopover and depot for the Simla, the summer capital of the Raj.[1] In 1946, it was transferred to then Shimla district and in 1899 to then Ambala district.[1] It became the junction for the Delhi-Panipat-Ambala-Kalka railway line, and the Kalka - Shimla railways (opened in 1903).[1] By 1901, the town, administered as a notified area, had a population of 7,045, a railway workshop, and was a market for ginger and turmeric.[2] The Kalka municipal committee was created on 11 April 1933. ClimateKalka experiences a subtropical climate, with a monsoon season from late June to early October. The summer starts in mid-April and temperatures peak during May and June. This is followed by the monsoon season, which is accompanied by a drop in temperature and an increase in humidity. Temperatures remain moderate in October and November, but start falling towards the end of November. Winter lasts through December, January and February, with temperatures lowest in early January. Kalka also receives some rainfall from Western Disturbance, near the end of winter. Winter season, despite being chilly, is mostly free of fog unlike most North Indian cities in the plains. {{Weather box|collapsed = |metric first= Y |single line= Y |temperature colour = pastel |location= Kalka |Jan high C= 18.1 |Feb high C= 21 |Mar high C= 26.2 |Apr high C= 32.2 |May high C= 36.7 |Jun high C= 36.7 |Jul high C= 31.5 |Aug high C= 30.3 |Sep high C= 31.1 |Oct high C= 29.3 |Nov high C= 25.3 |Dec high C= 20.7 |Jan low C= 6.2 |Feb low C= 8.1 |Mar low C= 12.8 |Apr low C= 17.7 |May low C= 22.6 |Jun low C= 24.8 |Jul low C= 23.7 |Aug low C= 23.1 |Sep low C= 21.7 |Oct low C= 16 |Nov low C= 10.2 |Dec low C= 7.1 |rain colour= green |Jan rain mm= 73 |Feb rain mm= 51 |Mar rain mm= 55 |Apr rain mm= 17 |May rain mm= 30 |Jun rain mm= 104 |Jul rain mm= 428 |Aug rain mm= 339 |Sep rain mm= 200 |Oct rain mm= 53 |Nov rain mm= 12 |Dec rain mm= 29 |source 1= climate-data.org[3] }} TransportRoadKalka is situated along a slope. This makes it somewhat difficult to commute on foot. Local transport (within Kalka) is by shared auto-rickshaws. These autos ply to a distance of around 15–20 km. There are also shared cabs (not the luxury ones) for distances up to 25–30 km. Government and private buses are also very common for commuting to nearby cities. Many intercity govt buses start or pass through Kalka, connecting it with Chandigarh, Ambala, Panipat, Delhi, Shimla and many other cities. RailKalka railway station is the northern terminal of the Delhi-Kalka line of Northern Railway, Indian Rail (Station code KLK) serving as terminal station for broad gauge line (towards Chandigarh) and narrow gauge line (towards Shimla). Direct trains on broad gauge, connect to Delhi, Mumbai, Howrah etc. Kalka Shimla Railway{{Main article|Kalka Shimla Railway}}The Kalka Shimla Railway features on the UNESCO's World Heritage sites list. Work on the railway line started in 1898 and it opened for traffic in 1903. DemographicsAccording to 2011 census the population of Kalka is 34,314. Kalka Metropolitan area population is 86,550 which consists of the adjoining cities of Kalka, Pinjore and Parwanoo. Places of interestKalika Devi temple{{anchor | Kali Mata Temple | Kali Mata temple | Kalika Devi Temple | Kalika Devi temple }}The ancient temple of the Hindu goddess Kali is situated on the National Highway 22 that runs through Kalka town. The temple is world wide popular with lakhs of devotees pay their respects annually during the Navratri. According to oral tradition, the original temple was built by Pandavas of Mahabharata of Vedic era during their Agyatvas (exile) when they stayed here for some time. Annual religious mela (fair0 is held in March-April every year.[1] Shri Trimurtidham Balaji Hanuman TempleSri Trimurti Dham is situated amidst the beautiful mountain ranges of shivalik hills - like the jewel in the crown - on the picturesque hill-top beside the eastern fringe of Kalka village in distt. Panchkula (Haryana) overlooking the industrial city Parwanoo which is serving as the gateway to the scenic beauty and grandeur of the mighty Himalyas of Himachal Pradesh. The literal meaning of 'Sri Trimurti Dham' is "a place where Teen Murtis (three idols) exist together".Shri Bala ji Hanuman, Shri Pretraj Sarkar and Shri Bhairav ji. http://www.sritrimurtidham.org/ References{{portal|Chandigarh}}1. ^1 2 Haryana Gazateer, Revennue Dept of Haryana, Capter-V. 2. ^1 {{Cite book|title=Imperial gazetteer of India: provincial series, Volume 21|year=1906|publisher=Supdt. of Govt. of India|pages=335|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-AO2AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA335&dq=Kalka&cd=4#v=onepage&q=Kalka&f=false}} 3. ^{{Cite web |url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/24776/ |title= Climate:Kalka |accessdate=2014-02-10}} External links
2 : Hindu temples in Haryana|Cities and towns in Panchkula district |
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