1. See also

2. Notes

3. References

Early Christian Catacomb painting of Jesus and his disciples, pre-third century.]]

There are several references in the Synoptic Gospels (the gospels of Matthew, Mark and Luke) to Jesus predicting his own death, the first two occasions building up to the final prediction of his crucifixion.^[1] Matthew's Gospel adds a prediction, before he and his disciples enter Jerusalem, that he will be crucified there.^[2]

In the Gospel of Mark, generally agreed to be the earliest Gospel, written around the year 70,{{sfnp|Witherington|2001|p=31|ps=: 'from 66 to 70, and probably closer to the latter'}}{{sfnp|Hooker|1991|p=8|ps=: 'the Gospel is usually dated between AD 65 and 75.'}} Jesus predicts his death three times. Walter Schmithals, noting that this Gospel also contains verses in which Jesus appears to predict his Passion, suggests that these represent the earlier traditions available to the author, and the three death predictions are redactional creations of the author.^[3] The setting for the first prediction is somewhere near Caesarea Philippi, immediately after Peter proclaims Jesus as the Messiah. Jesus tells his followers that "the Son of Man must suffer many things and be rejected by the elders, chief priests and teachers of the law, and that he must be killed and after three days rise again".^[4] When Peter objects, Jesus tells him: "Get behind me, Satan! You do not have in mind the things of God, but the things of men". ({{bibleverse||Mark|8:31–33|NRSV}})

The Gospel of {{bibleverse||Matthew|16:21–28|NRSV}} includes this episode,^[5] saying that Jesus "from that time", i.e. on a number of occasions, Jesus "began to show his disciples that he must go to Jerusalem and suffer many things from the elders and chief priests and scribes, and be killed ...".^[6]

The Gospel of {{bibleverse||Luke|9:22–27|NRSV}} shortens the account, dropping the dialogue between Jesus and Peter.

Each time Jesus predicts his arrest and death, the disciples in some way or another manifest their incomprehension, and Jesus uses the occasion to teach them new things.^[7] The second warning appears in {{bibleverse||Mark|9:30–32|NIV}} (and also in {{bibleverse||Matthew|17:22–23|NIV}}) as follows:

He said to them, "The Son of Man is going to be betrayed into the hands of men. They will kill him, and after three days he will rise." But they did not understand what he meant and were afraid to ask him about it.^[8]

The third prediction in the {{bibleverse||Matthew|20:17–19|NIV}} specifically mentions crucifixion:

Now as Jesus was going up to Jerusalem, he took the twelve disciples aside and said to them, "We are going up to Jerusalem, and the Son of Man will be betrayed to the chief priests and the teachers of the law. They will condemn him to death and will turn him over to the Gentiles to be mocked and flogged and crucified. On the third day he will be raised to life!"^[9]

The fourth prediction in Matthew is found in Matthew 26:1-2 immediately precedes the plot made against him by the religious Jewish leaders:

"As you know, the Passover is two days away—and the Son of Man will be handed over to be crucified."

The hypothetical Q source, widely considered by scholars to be a collection of sayings of Jesus used, in addition to the Gospel of Mark, by the authors of the Luke and Matthew Gospels, contains no predictions of the death of Jesus.^[10]

The Gospel of John, in chapters 12 to 17, also mentions several occasions where Jesus prepared his disciples for his departure, which the gospel also refers to as his "glorification":^[11]

Jesus answered them, saying, “The hour has come that the Son of Man should be glorified. Most assuredly, I say to you, unless a grain of wheat falls into the ground and dies, it remains alone; but if it dies, it produces much grain.^[12]

Each of the Synoptic Gospels refers more times Jesus foretelling His death and resurrection after three days. The concordances are summarized in the following table:

As shown in the Daily Mass Readings provided in the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church^[13], the prediction given by Jesus in Mark 9:32 has one of its main references in the Wisdom of Solomon^[14]:

17 Let us see if his words be true: and let us prove what shall happen in the end of him. For if the just man be the son of God, he will help him, and deliver him from the hand of his enemies. Let us examine him with despitefulness and torture, that we may know his meekness, and prove his patience. Let us condemn him with a shameful death: for by his own saying he shall be respected.|Book of Wisdom 2:12, 17-20 (KJV translation)}}

See also

• Chronology of Jesus
• Jesus predicts his betrayal
• Life of Jesus in the New Testament

Notes

References

Books

• {{cite book |last=Barclay |first=William |authorlink=William Barclay (theologian) |title=The Gospel of John, Volume 1 |year=2001 |url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=066422489X |isbn=9780664237806 |publisher=Westminster John Knox Press |ref=harv}}
• {{cite book |last=Davies |first=Stevan L. |title=The Gospel of Thomas and Christian Wisdom |year=2004 |publisher=Bardic Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4pifdYcwcbcC |isbn=9780974566740 |ref=harv}}
• {{cite book |last=Fitzmyer |first=Joseph A. |authorlink=Joseph Fitzmyer |title=The Gospel According to Luke, X-XXIV |year=1985 |publisher=Doubleday |series=The Anchor Bible Reference Library |isbn=9780300139815 |ref=harv}}
• {{cite book |last=Harrington |first=Daniel J. |authorlink=Daniel J. Harrington |title=The Gospel of Matthew |year=1991 |publisher=Liturgical Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bNf13S3k2w0C |isbn=9780814658031 |ref=harv}}
• {{cite book |last=Hooker |first=Morna |authorlink=Morna Hooker |title=The Gospel According to Saint Mark |year=1991 |publisher=Continuum |url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0826460399 |isbn=9780826460394 |ref=harv}}
• {{cite book |last=Witherington |first=Ben |authorlink=Ben Witherington III |title=The Gospel of Mark: A Socio-Rhetorical Commentary |year=2001 |publisher=Eerdmans Publishing |url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0802845037 |isbn=9780802845030 |ref=harv}}

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