| 词条 | Jewish copper plate |
| 释义 |
The charter records a grant by king Bhaskara Ravi Varma (Old Malayalam: Parkaran Iravivanman) to Joseph/Yusuf Rabban (Old Malayalam: Issuppu Irappan) of the rights of merchant guild Hanjamana/Anjuman (Anjuvannam) along with several other rights and privileges.[3] Rabban is exempted from all payments made by other settlers in the city of Muyirikkode (at the same time extending to him all the rights of the other settlers). These rights and privileges are given perpetuity to all his descendants. The document is attested by a number of chiefs from southern and northern Kerala.[2] Anjuvannam, the Old Malayalam form of Hanjamana/Anjuman[3] was a south Indian merchant guild organised by Jewish, Christian, and Islamic merchants from West Asian countries.[1] The grant is or was cherished by both "Black Jews"[3] and the "White Jews" (the Spanish Jews) of Cochin as a historical document and their original settlement deed. It is carefully preserved in an iron box, known as the Pandeal, within the White Jews’ Synagogue at Mattancheri (Cochin).{{sfn|Fischel|1967|pp=230}}[3] During the visit of Prime Minister Ariel Sharon to India in 2003, the then provincial tourism minister K. V. Thomas presented him with a replica of the copper plates.[4] Similar replicas were also gifted by Narendra Modi, the Prime Minister of India, to Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu during a state visit to Israel in 2017.[5] TextThe plate is engraved in Old Malayalam[2] using the Vattezhuthu script[2]; the Jewish leaders signed in Judeo-Persian and Pahlavi. The 1894 translation of the charter reads: {{quote|"Hail! Prosperity! [The following] gift was made by him who had assumed the title "King of Kings," His Majesty the king, the glorious Bhāskara Ravivarman, in the time during which [he] was wielding the sceptre and ruling over many hundred-thousands of places, in the thirty-sixth year after the second year, on the day on which [he] was pleased to stay at Muyirikkôdu:-"We have given to Issuppu Irappân [the village of] An̄juvannam, together with the seventy-two proprietary rights, the tolls on female elephants and [other] riding-animals, the revenue of An̄juvannam, a lamp in day-time, a cloth spread [in front to walk on], a palanquin, a parasol, a Vaduga [Telugu] drum, a large trumpet, a gateway, an arch, a canopy [in the shape] of an arch, a garland, and so forth. "We have remitted tolls and the tax on balances. "Moreover, we have granted, with [these] copperleaves, that he need not pay [the dues] which the [other] inhabitants of the city pay to the royal palace, and that [he] may enjoy [the benefits] which [they] enjoy. To Issuppu Irappān of An̄juvannam, to the male children and to the female children born of him, to his nephews, and to the sons-in-law who have married [his] daughters, [we have given] An̄juvannam [as] an hereditary estate for as long as the world and the moon shall exist. Hail!"|source=Translated by Eugen Hultzsch[6]}} The charter ends with a list of witnesses to the deed which includes several chiefs of southern and northern Kerala, the sub-commander of the forces, and the scribe who drafted the grant.[2] A later translation (1972) is as follows: {{quote|"Hail Prosperity [Svasti Sri], this is the gift [prasada] that His Majesty [Tiruvadi], King of Kings [Ko Konmai Kontan Ko], Sri Parkaran Iravivanmar, who is to wield sceptre for several thousand years, was pleased to make during the thirty sixth year opposite to the second year of his reign, on the day when he was pleased to reside at Muyirikkottu."We have granted to Issuppu Irappan, the [guild of] Ancuvannam, tolls by the boat and by other vehicles, Ancuvannam dues, the right to employ the day lamp, decorative cloth, palanquin, umbrella, kettle drum, trumpet, gateway, arch, arched roof, weapons and rest of the seventy two privileges. We have remitted customs, dues and weighing fee. "Moreover, according to this copper-plate grant, he shall be exempted from payments due to the king [koyil] from settlers in the town, but he shall enjoy what they enjoy. "To Issuppu Irappan, proprietor of the Ancuvannam, his male and female issues, nephews, and son-in-law, Ancuvannam shall belong by hereditary succession as long as the sun and moon endure - Prosperity!" "This is attested by Kotai Cirikantan, the utaiyavar of Venpalinatu" "This is attested by Manavepala Manaviyan, the utaiyavar of Eralanatu" "This is attested by Irayaran Cattan, the utaiyavar of Valluvanatu" "This is attested by Kotai Iravi, the utaiyavar of Netumpuraiyurnatu" "This is attested by Murkkan Cattan, the Commander of the Eastern forces" "This writing is executed by Vanralaceri Kandan-Kunrappolan, the officer who takes down oral messages." |sign=|source=Translated by M. G. S. Narayanan{{sfn|Narayanan|1972|pp=79–82}}}} Notes1. ^1 Noburu Karashmia (ed.), A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2014. 136, 144. 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 Narayanan, M. G. S. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013. 451-52. 3. ^1 2 3 Narayanan, M. G. S., “Further Studies in the Jewish Copper Plates of Cochin.” Indian Historical Review, Vol. 29, no. 1–2, Jan. 2002, pp. 66–76. 4. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2003/09/11/stories/2003091108060400.htm|title=Sharon delighted with gift from Kochi|date=10 September 2003|accessdate=6 July 2017|publisher=The Hindu|agency=UNI}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/heres-what-pm-narendra-modi-gifted-israeli-pm-benjamin-netanyahu-on-his-israel-visit-4736447/|title=Here’s what PM Narendra Modi gifted Israeli PM Benjamin Netanyahu|date=5 July 2017|publisher=The Indian Express}} 6. ^{{Harvnb|Fischel|1967|p=231}}: Quoted from Epigraphia Indica, 1894, Vol. 3, p. 69 References
11 : 10th-century inscriptions|11th-century inscriptions|Vatteluttu|History of Kerala|Judaic inscriptions|Malayalam inscriptions|Copper objects|Archaeological corpora|Tamil script|Malayalam script|Chera kingdom |
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