“Jiexiu”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Jiexiu is a county-level city in the central part of Shanxi Province, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Jinzhong and is located in the latter's western confines. It has jurisdiction over Mianshan, the site of the AAAAA-rated tourist attraction Mount Mian.

Names

The territory around {{nowrap|Mt Mian}} was known as Mianshang under the Zhou.{{sfnp|Xiao & al.|1996|p=[https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=V08ABAAAQBAJ&pg=PA274 274]}} By the Jin, the territory was known as Dingyang and the settlement at Jiexiu proper as Pingchang.{{sfnp|Xiong|2016}} Under the Northern Wei (4th–5th century), both became known as Jiexiu{{nbsp}}Commandery.{{sfnp|Xiong|2016}} Under the Tang, this was renamed Jiezhou {{sc|ad}}{{nbsp}}618–627.{{sfnp|Xiong|2016}}

History

Mianshang was supposedly set apart by Duke Chong'er to endow sacrifices for his retainer Jie Zhitui {{c.|636}}{{nbsp}}{{sc|bc}}. The early histories state that Jie had loyally followed Chong'er in exile around China for 19 years but, when Chong'er was installed as duke of Jin by a Qin army, Jie had chosen to retire as a hermit rather than debase himself by asking for favors.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] In time, this caused him to be seen as a Taoist immortal.^[6] Later legend embellished the tale, having Jie save Chong'er from starvation{{sfnp|Zhang|2015}} by cooking a soup made from meat from his own thigh{{sfnp|Liao|1959|loc=Bk. VIII, Ch. xxvii}}{{sfnp|Legge & al.|1891|loc=Bk. XXIX, §10}} only to be killed when Chong'er listened to advice from Jin courtiers that the way to drive him out of the mountains was to light a forest fire.^[7] The idea was that Jie's duty to his mother would overcome his pride and they would flee together;{{sfnp|Lan & al.|1996}} instead, their corpses were found days later beneath a willow.{{sfnp|Lan & al.|1996}}{{sfnp|Zhang|2015}}^[7] Temples were erected in Jie's honor{{sfnp|Zhang|2015}} and, by the Han, the people of Shanxi tried to curry favor with his spirit by observing a Cold Food Festival in the dead of winter.{{sfnp|Pokora|1975|pp=122 & 136–7}}^[9]{{sfnp|Holzman|1986|p=52–4}} They ignored repeated attempts to ban it^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]{{sfnp|Holzman|1986|pp=54–9}} although, as it moved to spring{{sfnp|Holzman|1986|p=69}} and spread throughout China,^[12]{{sfnp|Holzman|1986|pp=60–1}} it eventually developed into the present-day Tomb-Sweeping Festival.^[13]^[14]

During the Warring States Period, the area of Jiexiu was held by Zhao before its conquest by Qin.{{sfnp|Barbieri-Low & al.|2015|p=[https://books.google.co.kr/books?id=1W3sCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA1021 1021]}} Under the Han, it was part of Dingyang County (t{{nbsp}}{{lang|zh|{{linktext|定|陽|縣}}}}, s{{nbsp}}{{lang|zh|{{linktext|定|阳|县}}}}, Dìngyáng Xiàn) in Shang Commandery.{{sfnp|Barbieri-Low & al.|2015|pp=[https://books.google.co.kr/books?id=1W3sCgAAQBAJ&pg=PR56 lvi], [https://books.google.co.kr/books?id=1W3sCgAAQBAJ&pg=PR66 lxvi], & [https://books.google.co.kr/books?id=1W3sCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA1021 1021]}} Jiexiu County was created under the Jin, but with its seat southeast of the current town.{{sfnp|Xiong|2016}} The Northern Wei moved to the present location—then known as Pingchang—around {{sc|ad}}{{nbsp}}484 and made it the seat of a commandery.{{sfnp|Xiong|2016}} This was made a county again by the Sui in 598, restored by the Tang in 617, and changed to a prefecture the next year.{{sfnp|Xiong|2016}}

Climate

Jiexiu experiences a semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSk). Spring is dry, with frequent dust storms, followed by early summer heat waves. Summer tends to be warm to hot with most of the year's rainfall concentrated in July and August. Winter is long and cold, but dry and sunny. Because of the aridity, there tends to be considerable diurnal variation in temperature, except during the summer. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from {{convert|−4.4|°C|1}} in January to {{convert|23.9|°C|1}} in July, while the annual mean is {{convert|10.64|°C|1}}. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 49% in July to 60% in May, the city receives 2,425 hours of bright sunshine annually.

{{Weather box
|metric first=y
|single line=y
|location = Jiexiu (1971−2000)
|Jan high C = 2.5
|Feb high C = 5.7
|Mar high C = 12.0
|Apr high C = 20.1
|May high C = 25.5
|Jun high C = 29.3
|Jul high C = 30.1
|Aug high C = 28.3
|Sep high C = 24.1
|Oct high C = 18.3
|Nov high C = 10.2
|Dec high C = 3.9
|year high C= 17.5
|Jan low C = −10.0
|Feb low C = −6.9
|Mar low C = −1.1
|Apr low C = 5.5
|May low C = 10.6
|Jun low C = 15.0
|Jul low C = 18.4
|Aug low C = 16.9
|Sep low C = 11.0
|Oct low C = 4.8
|Nov low C = −1.7
|Dec low C = −7.4
|year low C= 4.6
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 3.7
|Feb precipitation mm = 5.1
|Mar precipitation mm = 14.1
|Apr precipitation mm = 23.2
|May precipitation mm = 32.0
|Jun precipitation mm = 55.7
|Jul precipitation mm = 111.7
|Aug precipitation mm = 103.7
|Sep precipitation mm = 55.9
|Oct precipitation mm = 34.2
|Nov precipitation mm = 11.4
|Dec precipitation mm = 4.1
|Jan sun = 175.6 |Jan percentsun = 58
|Feb sun = 167.3 |Feb percentsun = 55
|Mar sun = 189.8 |Mar percentsun = 52
|Apr sun = 227.7 |Apr percentsun = 58
|May sun = 259.5 |May percentsun = 60
|Jun sun = 240.1 |Jun percentsun = 55
|Jul sun = 217.5 |Jul percentsun = 49
|Aug sun = 214.6 |Aug percentsun = 51
|Sep sun = 195.5 |Sep percentsun = 53
|Oct sun = 194.8 |Oct percentsun = 56
|Nov sun = 175.5 |Nov percentsun = 57
|Dec sun = 166.7 |Dec percentsun = 56
|Jan humidity = 51
|Feb humidity = 50
|Mar humidity = 54
|Apr humidity = 50
|May humidity = 54
|Jun humidity = 60
|Jul humidity = 72
|Aug humidity = 78
|Sep humidity = 73
|Oct humidity = 66
|Nov humidity = 61
|Dec humidity = 55
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 2.2
|Feb precipitation days = 3.1
|Mar precipitation days = 4.8
|Apr precipitation days = 5.6
|May precipitation days = 6.4
|Jun precipitation days = 9.4
|Jul precipitation days = 12.5
|Aug precipitation days = 11.4
|Sep precipitation days = 8.4
|Oct precipitation days = 6.3
|Nov precipitation days = 3.5
|Dec precipitation days = 1.7
|source = China Meteorological Administration
}}

Government

Jiexiu administers an area divided into 5 subdistricts, 7 towns, and 3 townships:

Subdistricts

Name

Simp.

Trad.

Pinyin

Beiguan

北关街道

北關街道

Běiguān Jiēdào

Xiguan

西关街道

西關街道

Xīguān Jiēdào

Dongnan

东南街道

東南街道

Dōngnán Jiēdào

Xinan

西南街道

Xīnán Jiēdào

Beitan

北坛街道

北關街道

Běitán Jiēdào

Towns

Yi'an

义安镇

義安鎮

Yì'ānzhèn

Zhanglan

张兰镇

張蘭鎮

Zhānglánzhèn

Lianfu

连福镇

連福鎮

Liánfúzhèn

Hongshan

洪山镇

洪山鎮

Hóngshānzhèn

Longfeng

龙凤镇

龍鳳鎮

Lóngfèngzhèn

Mianshan

绵山镇

綿山鎮

Miánshānzhèn

Yitang

义棠镇

義棠鎮

Yìtángzhèn

Townships

Chengguan

城关乡

城關鄉

Chéngguānxiāng

Songgu

宋古乡

宋古鄉

Sònggǔxiāng

Sanjia

三佳乡

三佳鄉

Sānjiāxiāng

Transport

Notes

References

Citations

1. ^{{harvp|Legge|1872|p=[https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=KzJ3D82yE_AC&pg=PA191 191–2]}}.
2. ^{{citation |last=Lü |first=Buwei |authormask=Lü Buwei & al. |trans-title=Master Lü's Spring & Autumn Annals |script-title=zh:《呂氏春秋》 |url=http://ctext.org/lv-shi-chun-qiu/zh |contribution-url=http://ctext.org/lv-shi-chun-qiu/jie-li/zh |contribution=An Account of Jie }}. {{zh icon}}
3. ^{{harvp|Knoblock & al.|2000|p=[https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=2F2HKh99PDMC&pg=PA263 263–4]}}.
4. ^{{harvp|Nienhauser & al.|2006|pp=[https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=xGBYRAIfExsC&pg=PA331 331–5]}}.
5. ^{{citation |last=Sima |first=Qian |authormask=Sima Qian & al. |trans-title=Records of the Grand Historian |script-title=zh:《史記》 |volume=Vol. 39 |contribution=The Dynasty of Jin }}. {{zh icon}}.
6. ^{{citation |trans-title=Collected Biographies of the Immortals |script-title=zh:《列仙傳》 |editor-last=Liu |editor-first=Xiang |editor-mask=Pseudo-Liu Xiang |contribution=Jiezi Tui |contribution-url=http://ctext.org/lie-xian-zhuan/jie-zi-tui }}. {{zh icon}}
7. ^¹{{harvp|Huang & al.|2016|p=[https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=XN1SDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA82 82–3]}}.
8. ^¹{{citation |trans-title=Book of the Later Han |script-title=zh:《後漢書》 |volume=Vol. 61 |at=§2024 |last=Fan |first=Ye |authormask=Fan Ye }}. {{zh icon}}
9. ^{{citation |trans-title=Imperial Reader of the Taiping Era |script-title=zh:《太平御覽》 |at=Vol. 28, §8a; Vol. 30, §6a–b; Vol. 869, §7b |last=Li |first=Fang |authormask=Li Fang }}. {{zh icon}}
10. ^{{citation |authormask=Fang Xuanling |last=Fang |first=Xuanling |trans-title=Book of Jin |script-title=zh:《晉書》 |volume=Vol. 105 |at=§2749–50 }}. {{zh icon}}
11. ^{{citation |trans-title=Book of Wei |script-title=zh:《魏書》 |last=Wei |first=Shou |authormask=Wei Shou |at=Vol. 7A, §140, & Vol. 7B, §179 }}. {{zh icon}}
12. ^{{citation |trans-title=Essential Techniques for the Welfare of the People |script-title=zh:《齊民要術》 |volume=Vol. 9 |at=§521 }} {{zh icon}}
13. ^{{harvp|Zhang|2017}}.
14. ^{{harvp|Wu|2014|p=[https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=K3N-AgAAQBAJ&pg=PT126 126]}}