| 词条 | Kamchatka earthquakes |
| 释义 |
Three earthquakes, which occurred off the coast of Kamchatka Peninsula in far eastern Russia and the Soviet Union in 1737, 1923 and 1952, were megathrust earthquakes and caused tsunamis. They occurred where the Pacific Plate subducts under the Okhotsk Plate at the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench. The depth of the trench at the point of the earthquakes is 7,000–7,500 m. Northern Kamchatka lies at the western end of the Bering fault, between the Pacific Plate and North American Plate,[1] or the Bering plate[2] There are many more earthquakes and tsunamis originating from Kamchatka, of which the most recent was the 1997 Kamchatka earthquake and tsunami originating near the Kronotsky Peninsula. 1737 earthquakeThe epicentre of the 1737 earthquake was located at {{coord|52.5|159.5|type:event}}. This earthquake occurred at a depth of 40 km (25 miles). A magnitude of 8.3 Ms (9.0Mw) has been estimated.[3] 1923 earthquakes{{main|1923 Kamchatka earthquake}}On February 4, 1923, an estimated magnitude 8.3–8.5 Mw earthquake with an approximate location of {{coord|54.0|161.0|type:event}} triggered an 8-meter (26-foot) tsunami that caused considerable damage in Kamchatka, with a number of reported deaths.[4][5] The tsunami was still 6 meters (20 feet) high when it reached Hawaii, causing at least one fatality.[4] There was another earthquake and tsunami in April 1923, which caused locally high tsunami runup near Ust' Kamchatsk, leaving a deposit studied by Minoura and others.[6] 1952 earthquake{{main|1952 Severo-Kurilsk tsunami}}The main earthquake struck at 16:58 GMT (04:58 local time) on November 4, 1952. Initially assigned a magnitude of 8.2, the quake was revised to 9.0 Mw in later years.[7] A large tsunami resulted,[8] causing destruction and loss of life around the Kamchatka peninsula and the Kuril Islands. Hawaii was also struck, with estimated damage of up to US$1 million and livestock losses, but no human casualties were recorded. Japan reported no casualties or damage. The tsunami reached as far as Alaska, Chile, and New Zealand.[4][9] The hypocentre was located at {{coord|52.75|159.5|type:event|display=inline,title}}, at a depth of 30 km (18.6 miles). The length of the subduction zone fracture was 600 km (373 miles). Aftershocks were recorded in an area of approximately 247,000 km2 (90,367 square miles), at depths of between 40 and 60 km (25 and 37 miles).[10][11] A recent analysis of the tsunami runup distribution based on historical and geological records give some indication as to the slip distribution of the rupture.[12] See also
References1. ^Kamchatka: Edge of the Plate {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070807185402/http://www.unc.edu/~leesj/kamchatka/KAM_WEBarticle.htm |date=2007-08-07 }} 2. ^Pedoja, K., Bourgeois, J., Pinegina, T., Higman, B., 2006. Does Kamchatka belong to North America? An extruding Okhotsk block revealed by coastal neotectonics of the Ozernoi Peninsula, Kamchatka, Russia, Geology, v. 34(5), pp. 353–356. 3. ^Page on tsunami associated with event from West Coast and Alaska warning center 4. ^1 2 Tsunami Laboratory, Novosibirsk, Russia 5. ^[https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/world/10_largest_world.php Largest Earthquakes in the World Since 1900] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101107224716/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/world/10_largest_world.php |date=2010-11-07 }} United States Geological Survey 6. ^Minoura, K., Gusiakov, V.G., Kurbatov, A., Takeuti, S., Svendsen, J.I., Bondevik, S., and Oda, T., 1996, Tsunami sedimentation associated with the 1923 Kamchatka earthquake. Sedimentary Geology, v. 106, pp. 145–154. 7. ^[https://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/world/events/1952_11_04.php Historic Earthquakes] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090825173729/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/world/events/1952_11_04.php |date=2009-08-25 }} It was also said to be magnitude 9.2. 8. ^MacInnes,B.T., Weiss, R., Bourgeois, J., Pinegina, T.K., 2010. Slip distribution of the 1952 Kamchatka great earthquake based on near-field tsunami deposits and historical records. Bull. Seismol. Soc. America, v. 100(4), pp. 1695–1709. 9. ^[https://archive.is/20120721025622/http://www.bom.gov.au/info/tsunami/nov_1952.shtml Bureau of Meteorology: Tsunami Information] 10. ^The aftershock sequence of the Kamchatka earthquake of November 4, 1952 - BÅTH and BENIOFF 48 (1): 1 - Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 11. ^Three Kamchatka earthquakes - STAUDER 50 (3): 347 - Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 12. ^MacInnes et al., 2010, see above. External links
11 : 1952 in the Soviet Union|Megathrust earthquakes in Russia|Megathrust earthquakes in the Soviet Union|1737 earthquakes|1952 earthquakes|Kamchatka Peninsula|Natural disasters in the Russian Far East|1737 tsunamis|1923 tsunamis|1923 earthquakes|1952 tsunamis |
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