| 词条 | Jin Ling |
| 释义 |
| name= Jin Ling | logo= | image= | caption= An old Russian pack of Jin Ling cigarettes, with a Russian text warning at the bottom of the pack. | type= Cigarette | producedby= Baltic Tobacco Company | origin= Russia (alleged) | introduced= {{start date and age|1997}} | discontinued= | related= | markets=Ukraine, Russia, China and everywhere else[1][2][3] | previousowners= | trademarkregistrations= | ambassadors= | tagline= | website= }}{{Commons category|Jin Ling}}Jin Ling is a Russian brand of cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by the Kaliningrad-based manufacturer Baltic Tobacco Company ({{lang-ru|link=yes|Балтийская табачная фабрика}}, BTC). Other places where this brand is manufactured include Ukraine, Moldova, Cyprus and the United Arab Emirates.[4] HistoryThe name is derived from Jinling, the older name of Nanjing, where the brand was originally developed by the Chinese state-owned Nanjing Tobacco Factory.[5] After the brand died out, the Baltic Tobacco Company re-introduced it in 1997.[5][6] The packet design resembles the American brand Camel in colour, typeface and layout,[7] but instead of a camel, it features a mouflon. Jin Ling cigarettes are only sold illegally and the brand is the first to be designed explicitly for smuggling.[8] It has been reported by customs officials as the "most seized" brand in Europe;[5] in 2007, 258 million Jin Ling cigarettes were seized by authorities in EU countries.[9] In 2017, during a bust by the North East Lincolnshire Council Trading Standards officers, a red variant of Jin Ling cigarettes was discovered. Previous Jin Ling cigarettes only had a yellow colour.[10] There are 19 factories in Russia where Jin Ling is produced, but there are also factories in the Ukraine and Moldova. Some of these factories may be acting as a franchise, but the Jin Ling brand is also licensed to other manufacturers.[11] ControversyFeathers, mites and rat droppings in Jin Ling cigarettesIn May 2010, the German tabloid Berliner Kurier reported that fake Jin Ling were being made, which were no longer distinguishable from the genuine, and which could include feathers, mites, wood, pesticides, mold spores, rat droppings and other pollutants, because they were manufactured under very poor production conditions.[12] 71 year old woman dies in house fire caused by Jin Ling cigarettesIn April 2014 the cigarette was linked to a house fire in Spalding in which a 71-year-old woman, June Buffham, had died. Emma Milligan, a Trading Standards Officer at Lincolnshire County Council, said: "Jin Ling cigarettes are so dangerous because they don't go out when not actively being smoked, potentially causing a horrendous house fire, like the case here."[13] See also
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cigarettespedia.com/index.php/BrandJin_Ling|title=BrandJin Ling - Cigarettes Pedia|website=www.cigarettespedia.com}} {{Cigarettes}}2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.zigsam.at/B_JinLing.htm|title=Jin Ling|website=www.zigsam.at}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cigarety.by/brand.php?n=10&l=9&p=0&w=JIN+LING|title=Brands|website=www.cigarety.by}} 4. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=r18sDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA229&lpg=PA229&dq=jin+ling+cigarettes#v=onepage&q=jin+ling+cigarettes&f=false|title=Handbook of Research on Counterfeiting and Illicit Trade|first=Peggy E.|last=Chaudhry|date=28 July 2017|publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing|via=Google Books|isbn=9781785366451}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.publicintegrity.org/investigations/tobacco/articles/entry/763/ |title=Made To Be Smuggled: Russian Contraband Cigarettes 'Flooding' EU |first1=Roman |last1=Shleynov |first2=Stefan |last2=Candea |first3=Duncan |last3=Campbell |first4=Vlad |last4=Lavrov |date=19 October 2008 |publisher=Center for Public Integrity |accessdate=8 October 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100704132346/http://www.publicintegrity.org/investigations/tobacco/articles/entry/763/ |archivedate= 4 July 2010 |df= }} 6. ^{{cite web|url=https://themorningnews.org/article/the-marlboro-men-of-chernivtsi|title=The Marlboro Men of Chernivtsi - The Morning News|first=Andrew W.|last=Jones|website=themorningnews.org}} 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.metro.co.uk/news/805076-children-smoke-asbestos-ciggies |title=Children smoke asbestos ciggies |first=Jo |last=Steele |date=7 December 2009 |publisher=Metro |accessdate=8 October 2010}} 8. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/transcript/transcript.php?storyId=106816342 |title=Tobacco Fuels Addiction, And Terrorism |first=Terry |last=Gross |date=21 July 2009 |publisher=NPR |accessdate=8 October 2010}} 9. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2008/oct/20/tobaccoindustry-russia-europe-smuggling-cigarettes |title=Waves of smuggled Russian cigarettes flood Europe |first1=Duncan |last1=Campbell |first2=Stefan |last2=Candea |date=20 October 2008 |work=The Guardian |accessdate=8 October 2010 |location=London}} 10. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/news/grimsby-news/illegal-jin-ling-cigarettes-linked-142365|title=Warning over these illegal Russian cigarettes being sold in Grimsby|date=28 June 2017|publisher=|via=www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk|newspaper=Grimsbytelegraph}} 11. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052540 |pmid=26418617 |pmc=5036225 |title=A closer look at 'Cheap White' cigarettes |journal=Tobacco Control |volume=25 |issue=5 |pages=527–531 |year=2016 |last1=Ross |first1=Hana |last2=Vellios |first2=Nicole |last3=Clegg Smith |first3=Katherine |last4=Ferguson |first4=Jacqueline |last5=Cohen |first5=Joanna E. }} 12. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.berliner-kurier.de/so-erfolgreich--dass-sie-sogar-gefaelscht-wird-rattenkot--federn--plaste---keiner-weiss--was-noch-in-den-schmuggel-kippen-drin-ist-schmuggelzigarette-jin-ling-21717434|title=So erfolgreich, dass sie sogar gefälscht wird Rattenkot, Federn, Plaste - keiner weiß, was noch in den Schmuggel-Kippen drin ist: Schmuggelzigarette Jin Ling|last=SHI|date=2010-05-18|website=berliner-kurier.de|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-lincolnshire-27225400 |title=Family's plea over illegal cigarette death - BBC News |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date=30 April 2014 |accessdate=10 August 2015}} 3 : Russian cigarette brands|Products introduced in 1997|Russian brands |
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