词条 | Kanagawa Prefecture |
释义 |
|Name = Kanagawa |JapaneseName = 神奈川県 |Rōmaji = Kanagawa-ken |Flag = Flag of Kanagawa Prefecture.svg |Symbol = Emblem of Kanagawa Prefecture.svg |Capital = Yokohama |Region = Kantō |Island = Honshu |coordinates = {{coord|35|26|51.03|N|139|38|32.44|E|display=inline,title}} |TotalArea = 2,416.04 |AreaRank = 43rd |PCWater = 2.3 |PopDate = September 1, 2014 |Population = 9,098,984 |PopRank = 2nd |Density = 3,770 |Districts = 6 |Municipalities = 33 |ISOCode = JP-14 |Flower = Golden-rayed lily (Lilium auratum) |Tree = Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) |Bird = Common gull (Larus canus) |Fish = |Map = Map of Japan with highlight on 14 Kanagawa prefecture.svg |Website = {{URL|http://www.pref.kanagawa.jp/}} |Governor = Yūji Kuroiwa (since April 2011) }}{{Nihongo|Kanagawa Prefecture|神奈川県|Kanagawa-ken}} is a prefecture located in Kantō region of Japan.[1] The capital of the prefecture is Yokohama.[2] Kanagawa is part of the Greater Tokyo Area. Kanagawa Prefecture is home to Kamakura and Hakone, two popular side trip destinations from Tokyo. History{{See also|Historic Sites of Kanagawa Prefecture}}The prefecture has some archaeological sites going back to the Jōmon period (around 400 BCE). About 3,000 years ago, Mount Hakone produced a volcanic explosion which resulted in Lake Ashi on the western area of the prefecture. It is believed{{By whom|date=April 2011}} that the Yamato dynasty ruled this area from the 5th century onwards. In the ancient era, its plains were very sparsely inhabited. In medieval Japan, Kanagawa was part of the provinces of Sagami and Musashi.[3] Kamakura in central Sagami was the capital of Japan during the Kamakura period (1185–1333). During the Edo period, the western part of Sagami Province was governed by the daimyō of Odawara Castle, while the eastern part was directly governed by the Tokugawa shogunate in Edo (modern-day Tokyo). Commodore Matthew Perry landed in Kanagawa in 1853 and 1854 and signed the Convention of Kanagawa to force open Japanese ports to the United States. Yokohama, the largest deep-water port in Tokyo Bay, was opened to foreign traders in 1859 after several more years of foreign pressure, and eventually developed into the largest trading port in Japan. Nearby Yokosuka, closer to the mouth of Tokyo Bay, developed as a naval port and now serves as headquarters for the U.S. 7th Fleet and the fleet operations of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force. After the Meiji period, many foreigners lived in Yokohama City, and visited Hakone. The Meiji government developed the first railways in Japan, from Shinbashi (in Tokyo) to Yokohama in 1872. The epicenter of the 1923 Great Kanto earthquake was deep beneath Izu Ōshima Island in Sagami Bay. It devastated Tokyo, the port city of Yokohama, surrounding prefectures of Chiba, Kanagawa, and Shizuoka, and caused widespread damage throughout the Kantō region.[4] The sea receded as much as 400 metres from the shore at Manazuru Point, and then rushed back towards the shore in a great wall of water which swamped Mitsuishi-shima.[5] At Kamakura, the total death toll from earthquake, tsunami, and fire exceeded 2,000 victims.[6] At Odawara, ninety percent of the buildings collapsed immediately, and subsequent fires burned the rubble along with anything else left standing.[7] Yokohama, Kawasaki and other major cities were heavily damaged by the U.S. bombing in 1945. Casualties amounted to more than several thousand. After the war, General Douglas MacArthur, the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers for the Occupation of Japan, landed in Kanagawa, before moving to other areas. U.S. military bases still remain in Kanagawa, including Camp Zama (Army), Yokosuka Naval Base, Naval Air Station Atsugi (Navy). In 1945, Kanagawa was the 15th most populous prefecture in Japan, with the population of about 1.9 million. In the years after the war, the prefecture underwent rapid urbanization as a part of the Greater Tokyo Area. The population as of September 1, 2014, is estimated to be 9.1 million.[8] Kanagawa became the second most populous prefecture in 2006. GeographyKanagawa is a relatively small prefecture located at the southeastern corner of the Kantō Plain[9] wedged between Tokyo on the north, the foothills of Mount Fuji on the northwest, and the Sagami Bay[9] and Tokyo Bay on the south and east. The eastern side of the prefecture is relatively flat and heavily urbanized, including the large port cities of Yokohama and Kawasaki. The southeastern area nearby the Miura Peninsula is less urbanized, with the ancient city of Kamakura drawing tourists to temples and shrines. The western part, bordered by Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture on the west,[10] is more mountainous and includes resort areas like Odawara and Hakone. The area, stretching {{convert|80|km|mi}} from west to east and {{convert|60|km|mi}} from north to south, contains {{convert|2400|sqkm|sqmi}} of land, accounting for 0.64% of the total land area of Japan.[10] {{As of|2012|4|1}}, 23% of the total land area of the prefecture was designated as Natural Parks, namely the Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park; Tanzawa-Ōyama Quasi-National Park; and Jinba Sagamiko, Manazuru Hantō, Okuyugawara, and Tanzawa-Ōyama Prefectural Natural Parks.[11]TopographyTopographically, the prefecture consists of three distinct areas. The mountainous western region features the Tanzawa Mountain Range and Hakone Volcano. The hilly eastern region is characterized by the Tama Hills and Miura Peninsula. The central region, which surrounds the Tama Hills and Miura Peninsula, consists of flat stream terraces and low lands around major rivers including the Sagami River, Sakai River, Tsurumi River, and Tama River.[10] The Tama River forms much of the boundary between Kanagawa and Tokyo. The Sagami River flows through the middle of the prefecture. In the western region, the Sakawa (river) runs through a small lowland, the Sakawa Lowland, between Hakone Volcano to the west and the Ōiso Hills to the east and flows into Sagami Bay.[9] The Tanzawa Mountain Range, part of the Kantō Mountain Range, contains Mount Hiru ({{convert|1673|m|abbr=on|disp=or}}), the highest peak in the prefecture. Other mountains measure similar mid-range heights: Mount Hinokiboramaru ({{convert|1601|m|abbr=on|disp=or}}), Mount Tanzawa, ({{convert|1567|m|abbr=on|disp=or}}), Mount Ōmuro ({{convert|1588|m|abbr=on|disp=or}}), Mount Himetsugi ({{convert|1433|m|abbr=on|disp=or}}), and Mount Usu ({{convert|1460|m|abbr=on|disp=or}}). The mountain range is lower in height southward leading to Hadano Basin to the Ōiso Hills. At the eastern foothills of the mountain range lies the Isehara Plateau and across the Sagami River the Sagamino plateau.[9] CitiesNineteen cities are located in Kanagawa Prefecture: {{stack begin | clear=false | float=center}}{{col-begin}}{{col-break}}
Towns and villagesThese are the towns and villages in each district: {{stack begin | clear=false | float=center}}{{col-begin}}{{col-break}}
Mergers{{main|List of mergers in Kanagawa Prefecture}}Festivals and events{{Unreferenced section|date=June 2011}}
TransportationKanagawa's transport network is heavily intertwined with that of Tokyo (see: Transportation in Greater Tokyo). Shin-Yokohama and Odawara stations on the Tōkaidō Shinkansen are located in the prefecture, providing high-speed rail service to Tokyo, Nagoya, Osaka, and other major cities. Railways
Subways
Monorail
People movers
RoadExpressway
National highways
Ports
EducationThe Kanagawa Prefectural Board of Education manages and oversees individual municipal school districts. The board of education also directly operates most of the public high schools in the prefecture. University facilities
SportsFacilitiesFootball and athletics
Baseball
Indoor
Other
TeamsSoccer (football)
Baseball
Basketball
Volleyball
Visitors attractions and places of interest
Sister areasKanagawa Prefecture has sister relationships with these places: [12]
In popular culture
See also{{Portal|Japan|Geography}}
Notes1. ^Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Kanagawa" in {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|Japan Encyclopedia, p. 466|page=466}}; "Kantō" in {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|p. 479|page=479}}. 2. ^Nussbaum, "Yokohama" in {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|pp. 1054–1055|page=154}}. 3. ^Nussbaum, "Provinces and prefectures" in {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|p. 466|page=466}}. 4. ^Hammer, Joshua. (2006). {{Google books|6O8VyhDbUPgC|Yokohama Burning: the Deadly 1923 Earthquake and Fire that Helped Forge the Path to World War II, p. 278|page=278}}. 5. ^Hammer, {{Google books|6O8VyhDbUPgC|pp. 114–115|page=114}}. 6. ^Hammer, {{Google books|6O8VyhDbUPgC|pp. 115-116|page=115}}. 7. ^Hammer, {{Google books|6O8VyhDbUPgC|p. 113|page=113}}. 8. ^{{cite report|title=神奈川県人口統計調査公表資料|date=2014|url=http://www.pref.kanagawa.jp/cnt/f6774/p520876.html|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141013040640/http://www.pref.kanagawa.jp/cnt/f6774/p520876.html|archivedate=2014-10-13|df=}} 9. ^1 2 3 {{webtrans|http://www.jiban.co.jp/jibankaisetu/todohuken/kanagawa/jiban_kanagawa.htm|Kanagawa terrain|ja}} 10. ^1 2 {{webtrans|//web.archive.org/web/20081030195757/http://www.pref.kanagawa.jp/osirase/kankyokeikaku/heatisland/H17HeatIsland2-1.pdf|Overview of the prefectural geography|ja}} 11. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.env.go.jp/en/nature/nps/park/doc/files/np_6.pdf |title=General overview of area figures for Natural Parks by prefecture |publisher=Ministry of the Environment |accessdate=16 August 2012 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120421180819/http://www.env.go.jp/en/nature/nps/park/doc/files/np_6.pdf |archivedate=21 April 2012 |df= }} 12. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.pref.kanagawa.jp/mlt/p5875.html |title=Friendly/Sister Affiliations of Kanagawa Prefecture and the Municipalities : Kanagawa |publisher=Kanagawa Prefectural Government |date=February 1, 2016 |accessdate=July 17, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160719083105/http://www.pref.kanagawa.jp/mlt/p5875.html |archivedate=July 19, 2016 |df= }} 13. ^{{cite web |url=https://coordinacionpolitica.sre.gob.mx/images/stories/documentos_gobiernos/rai/agu/ags9.pdf |title=Memorándum de Entendimiento entre el Estado de Aguascalientes, de lo s Estados Unidos Mexicanos, y el Gobierno de la Prefectura de Kanagawa, Japón. |accessdate=2017-12-04 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204171241/https://coordinacionpolitica.sre.gob.mx/images/stories/documentos_gobiernos/rai/agu/ags9.pdf |archivedate=2017-12-04 |df= }} References
External links{{commons category|Kanagawa prefecture}}{{wikivoyage}}
3 : Kanagawa Prefecture|Kantō region|Prefectures of Japan |
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