| 词条 | Kandalaksha |
| 释义 |
|en_name=Kandalaksha |ru_name=Кандалакша |image_skyline=Кандалакша.jpg |image_caption=A view to Kandalaksha |coordinates = {{coord|67|09|25|N|32|24|42|E|display=inline,title}} |map_label_position=right |image_coa=Coat of Arms of Kandalaksha (Murmansk oblast) (2008).png |coa_caption= |image_flag=Flag of Kandalaksha (Murmansk oblast).png |flag_caption= |anthem= |anthem_ref= |holiday= |holiday_ref= |federal_subject=Murmansk Oblast |federal_subject_ref= |adm_data_as_of= |adm_district_jur=Kandalakshsky District |adm_district_jur_ref= |adm_ctr_of= |adm_ctr_of_ref= |inhabloc_cat=Town |inhabloc_cat_ref= |inhabloc_type= |inhabloc_type_ref= |mun_data_as_of= |mun_district_jur=Kandalakshsky Municipal District |mun_district_jur_ref= |urban_settlement_jur=Kandalaksha Urban Settlement |urban_settlement_jur_ref= |mun_admctr_of= |mun_admctr_of_ref= |leader_title= |leader_title_ref= |leader_name= |leader_name_ref= |representative_body= |representative_body_ref= |area_of_what= |area_as_of= |area_km2= |area_km2_ref= |pop_2010census=35654 |pop_2010census_ref=[1] |pop_density= |pop_density_as_of= |pop_density_ref= |pop_latest= |pop_latest_date= |pop_latest_ref= |established_date=11th century |established_title= |established_date_ref= |current_cat_date=April 20, 1938 |current_cat_date_ref=[2] |prev_name1= |prev_name1_date= |prev_name1_ref= |postal_codes=184041 |postal_codes_ref=[2] |dialing_codes=81533 |dialing_codes_ref= |website= |website_ref= |commonscat=Kandalaksha |date=May 2010 }} Kandalaksha ({{lang-ru|Кандала́кша}}; {{lang-fi|Kantalahti}}, also Kandalax or Candalax in the old maps; {{lang-krl|Kannanlakši}}; {{lang-sms|Käddluhtt}}) is a town in Kandalakshsky District of Murmansk Oblast, Russia, located at the head of Kandalaksha Gulf on the White Sea, north of the Arctic Circle. Population: {{ru-census2010|35,654|;}} 40,564 (2002 Census);[3] {{su-census1989|54,080|.}} HistoryThe settlement has existed since the 11th century. In the 13th century, it became a part of the Novgorod Republic along with the southern part of the Kola Peninsula, and in 1478 was annexed by the Grand Duchy of Moscow. In 1915, the construction of a seaport started, and in 1918 a railroad connecting Moscow to Murmansk running through Kandalaksha was opened. On August 29, 1927, Kandalaksha was made the administrative center of the newly established Kandalakshsky District,[4] and on June 1, 1932, it was granted work settlement status.[5] Status of a town of district significance was granted to it on April 20, 1938.[5] On February 9, 1940, Kandalaksha was administratively separated from the district and granted the status of a town of oblast significance.[5] In July 1941, during World War II, the town was the primary target of an unsuccessful German-Finnish offensive which attempted to cut the strategic Murman Railway. By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of March 19, 1959, the Councils of Deputies of Kandalaksha and of Kandalakshsky District were merged into one Kandalaksha Town Council of Deputies.[6] While the district was nominally retained as a separate administrative division, all its subdivisions were administratively subordinated to the town's Council of Deputies.[6] Since 1995, Vitino oil port operates near Beloye More a few kilometers south of Kandalaksha. Kandalaksha Mayor Nina Varlamova was murdered in an attack in December 2008.[7] International relations{{Main|List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia}}Twin towns and sister citiesKandalaksha is twinned with:
See also
ReferencesNotes1. ^{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}} 2. ^Local post office info http://www.russianpost.ru/PostOfficeFindInterface/FindOPSByPostOfficeID.aspx?index=184041 3. ^{{ru-pop-ref|2002Census}} 4. ^Administrative-Territorial Division of Murmansk Oblast, p. 35 5. ^1 2 3 Administrative-Territorial Division of Murmansk Oblast, pp. 52–53 6. ^1 Administrative-Territorial Division of Murmansk Oblast, p. 55 7. ^{{cite news|first=Anna|last=Malpas|title=Mayor Stabbed To Death|url=http://www.moscowtimes.ru/article/1010/42/373273.htm|work=Moscow Times|publisher=|date=2008-12-18|accessdate=2009-01-12}} Sources
External links
4 : Cities and towns in Murmansk Oblast|Kemsky Uyezd|White Sea|Populated places of Arctic Russia |
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