| 词条 | Joan Waste |
| 释义 |
| name = Joan Waste | image = | image_size = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = 1534 | birth_place = Derby | death_date = 1 August 1556 | death_place = Derby | death_cause = Burned to death | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | residence = | nationality = English | other_names = | known_for = martyrdom | education = | employer = | occupation = rope maker | title = | term = | predecessor = | successor = | party = | boards = | spouse = | children = | parents = William and Joan Waste | relatives = | signature = | website = | footnotes = }}Joan Waste or Wast (1534 – 1 August 1556) was a blind woman who was burned in Derby for refusing to renounce her Protestant faith.[1][2] BiographyWaste was born blind in 1534, with her twin brother Roger, to a Derby barber, William Waste and his wife, Joan. By the age of twelve she had learned to knit as well as how to make ropes (her father was also a ropemaker). In 1553, Queen Mary I came to the throne and in January 1555 it was made illegal by Parliament to hold Protestant views. At least 284 people were condemned for heresy during Mary's reign. Some were famous, the bishops Thomas Cranmer, Hugh Latimer, and Nicholas Ridley among them, but many executed between spring 1555 and the queen's death in November 1558 were from "the lower orders".[3] Waste was called before the Catholic Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, Ralph Baines'[1] chancellor, Anthony Draycot, to defend her views; and for these she was condemned.[1] She had objected to the services now being read in Latin.[4] She was sentenced for buying a New Testament which she asked friends to read to her for a penny a time.[4] She also denied the doctrine of transubstantiation and held that the bread and wine were only that.[5] On the day of her death she was reported to have held hands with her twin brother as she walked to her death. Waste was accompanied to church by Anthony Draycot who gave a final sermon, Thomas Powthread, Sir John Port,[1] Henry Vernon and Master John Dethick of Newhall.[2] The public execution took place at Windmill Pit[10] on the Burton Road in Derby. Windmill Hill Pit is on Lime Avenue which is just off Burton Road in Derby. She was hanged over the fire with a rope and she fell into the fire when the rope burned through. Waste was expected to suffer for her beliefs for eternity. Draycot it is said went home to his meal that day.[6] There is a memorial to her in Birchover church. The place where Waste was executed is now the site of a Roman Catholic church.[7] Ralph Baines, the Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield was deprived of his bishopric (21 June 1559) on the accession of Elizabeth I of England[8] and committed to the imprisonment of Edmund Grindal, the Protestant Bishop of London. Draycot was sent to be a prisoner of the fleet and died after being released in 1571.[6] A blue plaque commemorating the site of Waste's execution was erected in Lime Avenue by Derby Civic Society in February 2017. [9]References1. ^1 2 3 [https://books.google.com/books?id=1OUKAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA2-PA604&lpg=RA2-PA604&dq=%22Joan+waste%22&source=bl&ots=wQH5GruUun&sig=UumrATM-IgGguvzgPbwxP6PRQH8&hl=en&ei=rpKiSeCvKtSujAfVydXLCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=4&ct=result The History of the County of Derby], Stephen Glover, Thomas Noble, 1829, accessed 23 February 2009 2. ^1 John Foxe's Book of Martyrs {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709092855/http://www.hrionline.ac.uk/johnfoxe/index.html |date=9 July 2011 }}, 1563, republished 2006, accessed February 2009 3. ^Mary Tudor, Catholic Encyclopedia, accessed February 2009 4. ^1 2 A Martyr in the Parish, St Peters Derby, accessed February 2009 5. ^Blind Faith - Joan Waste, Derby's martyr, J.Bunting, accessed February 2009 6. ^1 Gordon Goodwin, ‘Draycot, Anthony (d. 1571)’, rev. Andrew A. Chibi, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 28 Feb 2009 7. ^1 2 3 A History of the Life, Trial, & Execution of Joan Waste, who was burnt in Windmill Pit near Derby in the year 1556 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214143429/http://www.wmward.org/Misc2%20html/joanwaste.html |date=14 February 2012 }}, Foxes Book of Martyrs, 1563 8. ^Bishops', Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1541-1857: volume 10: Coventry and Lichfield diocese (2003), pp. 1-5. URL: Date accessed: 20 February 2009. 9. ^{{cite web|title=Blue Plaque unveiled in memory of Derby’s historical figure Joan Wast (1532-1555)|url=https://news.derby.gov.uk/blue-plaque-unveiled-in-memory-of-derbys-historical-figure-joan-wast-1532-1555/|publisher=Derby City Council|date=10 February 2017}} Further reading
14 : People from Derby|1534 births|1556 deaths|People executed under Mary I of England|People executed for heresy|Executed British people|Executed English women|Blind people from England|16th-century Protestant martyrs|16th-century English people|Women of the Tudor period|People executed by the Kingdom of England by burning|Executed people from Derbyshire|Protestant martyrs of England |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。