| 词条 | Kangerlussuaq |
| 释义 |
|name = Kangerlussuaq |other_name = Søndre Strømfjord |image_skyline = Greenland 9, Kangerlussuaq, Myers Avenue.JPG |imagesize = 300px |image_caption = Myers Avenue with church and congress centre |image_shield = |shield_size = |pushpin_map = Greenland |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_map_caption = Location within Greenland |pushpin_mapsize = 300 | subdivision_type = State | subdivision_name = {{Flag|Kingdom of Denmark}} | subdivision_type1 = Constituent country | subdivision_name1 = {{Flag|Greenland}} | subdivision_type2 = Municipality | subdivision_name2 = Qeqqata | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = |government_footnotes = [1] |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = Albrecht Kreutzmann |established_title = Founded |established_date = 1941 |population_as_of = 2016 |population_total = 499[2] |timezone = UTC-03 |coordinates = {{coord|67|00|31|N|50|41|21|W|region:GL|display=inline,title}} |postal_code_type = Postal code |postal_code = 3910 |website = }} Kangerlussuaq ({{lang-en|"Big Fjord" from Greenlandic language}}), ({{lang-da|Søndre Strømfjord}}), is a settlement in western Greenland in the Qeqqata municipality[3] located at the head of the fjord of the same name ({{lang-da|Søndre Strømfjord}}). It is Greenland's main air transport hub and the site of Greenland's largest commercial airport. The airport dates from American settlement during and after World War II, when the site was known as Bluie West-8 and then Sondrestrom Air Base. The Kangerlussuaq area is also home to Greenland's most diverse terrestrial fauna, including muskoxen, caribou, and gyrfalcons. The settlement's economy and population of 499[2] is almost entirely reliant on the airport and tourist industry. GeographyKangerlussuaq occupies an alluvial flatland on the far end of the 190 km long[4] Kangerlussuaq Fjord, straddling both sides of the Qinnguata Kuussua river estuary. East of Kangerlussuaq there is a confluence of the two major regional rivers, the Qinnguata Kuussua and Akuliarusiarsuup Kuua. The valley of the latter forms large quicksand plains. Both rivers originate from the Russell Glacier. The edge of the glacier is easily accessible and is a major tourist attraction from the town, as is the edge of the ice sheet in the Isunngua highlands to its northeast.[5] Highlands such as Tarajornitsut bound Kangerlussuaq from the north and south. To the southeast behind lake Tasersuatsiaq, which provides fresh water to the town,[6] is the vast highland of Ammalortup Nunaa,[5] the original region artificially populated with 27 muskoxen.[7] The town is situated about {{convert|50|km|mi}} north of the Arctic Circle. HistoryWhile Inuit hunters certainly visited Kangerlussuaq, there appears never to have been a settlement at the location. Kangerlussuaq was founded at the east end of Kangerlussuaq fjord as Bluie West-8 on 7 October 1941, under the supervision of Colonel Bernt Balchen of the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF). Following the fall of Denmark to Germany in World War II, US forces assumed security for Greenland, building several bases including Bluie West-1 to the south in Narsarsuaq and Bluie West-8 at the Kangerlussuaq fjord. The base briefly came under Danish control in 1950, but following mounting concerns about the Cold War threat, a new agreement saw the United States reopen Bluie West-8 under the name of Sondrestrom Air Base on 27 April 1951. It served as one of the Distant Early Warning Line bases and a supply station for similar early warning facilities. Following the fall of the Soviet Union, the usefulness of the base was greatly diminished and the last U.S. Air Force personnel left the base on 30 September 1992. The base subsequently came under Greenlandic Home Rule and was renamed using the Kalaallisut dialect of the West Greenland Inuit. This site and Bluie West-1 in Narsarsuaq remain Greenland's best-equipped airports. Almost all of the permanent structures in the town were built during the American occupation of the site. ClimateThe climate in Kangerlussuaq is subarctic, bordering on polar continental, with the area receiving very little rainfall.[8] {{Weather box|width=75%|location = Kangerlussuaq (south-west), elevation: 50 m, 1961-1990 normals |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes |Jan high C = -14.7 |Feb high C = -15.5 |Mar high C = -11.2 |Apr high C = -2.5 |May high C = 7.9 |Jun high C = 14.0 |Jul high C = 16.5 |Aug high C = 14.2 |Sep high C = 7.9 |Oct high C = -1.5 |Nov high C = -7.5 |Dec high C = -12.1 |Jan mean C = -19.7 |Feb mean C = -21.0 |Mar mean C = -17.5 |Apr mean C = -8.4 |May mean C = 2.3 |Jun mean C = 8.4 |Jul mean C = 10.7 |Aug mean C = 8.5 |Sep mean C = 3.1 |Oct mean C = -6.0 |Nov mean C = -12.0 |Dec mean C = -16.9 |Jan low C = -24.4 |Feb low C = -25.6 |Mar low C = -22.1 |Apr low C = -12.9 |May low C = -1.7 |Jun low C = 3.9 |Jul low C = 5.7 |Aug low C = 4.0 |Sep low C = -0.5 |Oct low C = -9.4 |Nov low C = -16.3 |Dec low C = -21.8 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 6 |Feb precipitation mm = 4 |Mar precipitation mm = 4 |Apr precipitation mm = 7 |May precipitation mm = 7 |Jun precipitation mm = 13 |Jul precipitation mm = 22 |Aug precipitation mm = 28 |Sep precipitation mm = 18 |Oct precipitation mm = 13 |Nov precipitation mm = 12 |Dec precipitation mm = 6 | unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm | Jan precipitation days =1.0 | Feb precipitation days =1.0 | Mar precipitation days =1.0 | Apr precipitation days =2.0 | May precipitation days =2.0 | Jun precipitation days =4.0 | Jul precipitation days =6.0 | Aug precipitation days =5.0 | Sep precipitation days =4.0 | Oct precipitation days =4.0 | Nov precipitation days =4.0 | Dec precipitation days =2.0 | Jan humidity =75.0 | Feb humidity =76.0 | Mar humidity =75.0 | Apr humidity =72.0 | May humidity =64.0 | Jun humidity =61.0 | Jul humidity =62.0 | Aug humidity =66.0 | Sep humidity =69.0 | Oct humidity =76.0 | Nov humidity =77.0 | Dec humidity =76.0 |source 1 =NOAA[9] |date= October 2014 }} In July 2012 a gust of warm air resulted in glacier meltwater which wiped out a key crossing of the Watson River.[10][11][12] PopulationThe population of Kangerlussuaq dropped significantly after the liquidation of the Sondrestrom Air Base. Since then it has increased by more than 80%, although it has begun dropping again in recent years.[2] {{wide image|Kangerlussuaq-population-dynamics.png|1000px|alt=Kangerlussuaq population dynamics|Kangerlussuaq population growth dynamics, 1991-2010. Source: Statistics Greenland[2]}}TransportAir{{main article|Kangerlussuaq Airport}}As the only civilian airport in Greenland large enough to support large long-range airplanes such as Boeing 747s, Kangerlussuaq Airport is Greenland's most important transport hub. Hotel Kangerlussuaq operates at the airport. SeaKangerlussuaq Fjord is navigable in its entire length. There is a seaport at Kangerlussuaq, 20 km west of Kangerlussuaq Airport. It is fairly shallow and suitable for small ships only, mainly used by supply ships of the Royal Arctic Line, and unusable in winter.[13] Cruise ships, such as Norway's Hurtigruten,[14] navigate the fjord, anchoring outside the port. There are plans to build a new deep port, around 10 km west of the present one.[15] As of today, the long journey and lack of ports and other infrastructure make cruise ship lines avoid Greenland. RoadKangerlussuaq has the largest road network outside any settlement in Greenland (not counting streets inside the settlement). A gravel road through Isunngua connects Kangerlussuaq with the ice sheet, initially serving as venue for car endurance experiments. Since then it has been mainly used for tourist purposes.[16] There are plans to construct a road to Sisimiut (170 km) as of 2017.[17] The cost estimates have been between 250-500 million Danish kroner (DKK), depending on road quality, and therefore the plans are delayed. The drive time would be much longer than the fly time, and there are also considerations to move the main hub of Air Greenland to Nuuk Airport, closing Kangerlussuaq airport. Scientific researchThere is an ionospheric and atmospheric research facility known as the Sondrestrom Upper Atmospheric Research Facility, situated at about {{convert|15|km|mi|abbr=on}} west of Kangerlussuaq. It is commonly known around the town as Kellyville. It is operated by SRI International for the U.S. National Science Foundation and the Danish Meteorological Institute. This facility is host to more than 20 instruments, the majority of which provide unique and complementary information about the arctic upper atmosphere. The centerpiece instrument of the facility is an L band incoherent scatter (IS) radar with a {{convert|32|m|ft|abbr=on}} fully steerable antenna. It has been operational since the ionospheric radar was transported from Alaska to Kangerlussuaq in 1983 and it continues to be in high demand by the scientific communities.[18] Kangerlussuaq hosted the Greenland Space Science Symposium in May 2007. The selection of Greenland as a place for the symposium celebrated the rich history of Greenland in using scientific instruments to provide a window into the geospace system. {{wide image|Panorama of Kangerlussuaq from Black Ridge.jpg |900px|A panorama of Kangerlussuaq taken from Black Ridge, 2013}}References1. ^Qeqqata Municipality{{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{da icon}} 2. ^1 2 3 Statistics Greenland, Population in localities 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.qeqqata.gl/OmKommunen/ByogBygder/Kangerlussuaq/tabid/64/Default.aspx |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2012-02-14 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501011819/http://qeqqata.gl/OmKommunen/ByogBygder/Kangerlussuaq/tabid/64/Default.aspx |archivedate=2012-05-01 |df= }} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/554301/Kangerlussuaq|title=Kangerlussuaq|author=Encyclopædia Britannica|authorlink=Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate=2010-04-26}} 5. ^1 {{cite map|publisher=Greenland Tourism a/s|title=Vandrekort Vestgrønland: Kangerlussuaq|cartography=Compukort, Denmark|edition=1996}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ipy.dk/IPY_service_manual.doc |title=International Polar Year |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714082211/http://www.ipy.dk/IPY_service_manual.doc |archive-date=2007-07-14 }} 7. ^{{cite book|last=O'Carroll|first=Etain|title=Greenland and the Arctic|publisher=Lonely Planet|page=166|year=2005|isbn=1-74059-095-3}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://en.allmetsat.com/climate/arctic.php?code=04231|title=Climate : Kangerlussuaq, Kangerlussuaq Airport, Greenland|first=|last=allmetsat|publisher=|accessdate=7 September 2016}} 9. ^{{cite web|author= |url=ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_VI/GL/04231.TXT |title=NOAA|= }} 10. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2012/jul/25/greenland-glacier-bridge-destroyed-video|title=Meltwater from Greenland glacier wipes out key crossing|first1=Suzanne|last1=Goldenberg|first2=US environment|last2=correspondent|date=25 July 2012|publisher=|accessdate=7 September 2016|via=The Guardian}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=78685&src=iotdrss |title=Flooding in Kangerlussuaq, Greenland : Image of the Day |publisher=Earthobservatory.nasa.gov |date= |accessdate=2016-09-07}} 12. ^[https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/jul/26/greenland-ice-sheet-borrowed-time Greenland's ice sheet is melting fast – I'm not surprised. The ice sheet has been living on borrowed time for many years, with dire consequences] 26 July 2012 13. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.qeqqata.gl/OmKommunen/ByogBygder/Kangerlussuaq/tabid/64/language/da-DK/Default.aspx |title=Qeqqata Kommunia - Kangerlussuaq |archive-url=https://archive.is/20130903003139/http://www.qeqqata.gl/OmKommunen/ByogBygder/Kangerlussuaq/tabid/64/language/da-DK/Default.aspx |archive-date=2013-09-03 }} (Danish) 14. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.hurtigruten.co.uk/explorer-voyages/Greenland/ |title=Hurtigruten.co.uk |access-date=2014-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140211090126/http://www.hurtigruten.co.uk/explorer-voyages/Greenland/ |archive-date=2014-02-11 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 15. ^{{cite web |url=http://knr.gl/da/nyheder/qeqqata-kommunia-vil-anl%C3%A6gge-ny-havn-i-kangerlussuaq |title=Qeqqata Kommunia vil anlægge ny havn i Kangerlussuaq |publisher= |accessdate=7 September 2016}} 16. ^Sisimiut.gl{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 17. ^ http://naalakkersuisut.gl/da/Naalakkersuisut/Nyheder/2017/11/1411_arbejdsgruppe 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://isr.sri.com/about.html|title=About Sondrestrom|publisher=SRI International|accessdate=2012-03-16}} External links
5 : Kangerlussuaq|Populated places established in 1941|Populated places in Greenland|Populated places of Arctic Greenland|1941 establishments in Greenland |
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