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词条 Kansai International Airport
释义

  1. History

     Construction  Operation  Expansion  Relationship with Itami Airport  Typhoon Jebi 

  2. Terminals

     Terminal 1  Terminal 2 

  3. Airlines and destinations

     Passenger   Cargo  

  4. Ground transportation

      Rail    Bus    Parking    Ferry service  

  5. Other facilities

  6. See also

  7. References

  8. Further reading

  9. External links

{{For|the domestic airport serving Osaka|Itami Airport}}{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}{{Infobox airport
| name = Kansai International Airport
| nativename =
| nativename-a = 関西国際空港
| nativename-r = Kansai Kokusai Kūkō
| IATA = KIX
| ICAO = RJBB
| image = Kansai International Airport logo 2016.png
| image-width = 250
| image2 = Kix aerial photo.jpg
| image2-width = 250
| location = Izumisano, Sennan, & Tajiri
Osaka, Japan
| hub = * All Nippon Airways
  • FedEx Express[1]
  • Japan Airlines
  • Jetstar Japan
  • Nippon Cargo Airlines
  • Peach

| elevation-m = 5
| metric-elev = yes
| pushpin_label = RJBB
| r1-surface = Asphalt concrete
| metric-rwy = Y
| WMO = 47774
| type = Public
| opened = 1994
| owner =
| operator = Kansai Airports[2]
| city-served = Greater Osaka Area
| elevation-f = 17
| website = {{URL|www.kansai-airport.or.jp/en/index.asp }}
| coordinates = {{coord|34|26|03|N|135|13|58|E|region:JP|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_map = Japan Kansai#Japan#Asia
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Japan
| r1-number = 06R/24L
| r1-length-m = 3,500
| r2-number = 06L/24R
| r2-length-m = 4,000
| r2-surface = Asphalt concrete
| stat-year = 2017
| stat1-header = Aircraft movements
| stat1-data = 185,174
({{increase}} 5%)
| stat2-header = Passenger movements
| stat2-data = 27,987,564
({{increase}} 11%)
| stat3-header = International passenger movements
| stat3-data = 21,138,928
({{increase}} 13%)
| stat4-header = Freight volume in tonnes
| stat4-data = 824,485
({{increase}} 14%)
| stat5-header = International Freight volume in tonnes
| stat5-data = 814,704
({{increase}} 15%)
}}{{nihongo|Kansai International Airport|関西国際空港|Kansai Kokusai Kūkō|colloquially known as {{nihongo||関空|Kankū}}}} {{Airport codes|KIX|RJBB}} is an international airport located on an artificial island in the middle of Osaka Bay off the Honshu shore, {{convert|38|km|abbr=on}} southwest of Ōsaka Station,[3] located within three municipalities, including Izumisano (north),[4] Sennan (south),[5] and Tajiri (central),[6] in Osaka Prefecture, Japan.

Kansai opened on 4 September 1994{{cn|date=September 2018}} to relieve overcrowding at Osaka International Airport, which is closer to the city of Osaka and now handles only domestic flights. It consists of two terminals: Terminal 1 and Terminal 2. Terminal 1, designed by Italian architect Renzo Piano, is the longest airport terminal in the world with a length of {{Convert|1.7|km|abbr=on}}. The airport serves as an international hub for All Nippon Airways, Japan Airlines, and Nippon Cargo Airlines, and also serves as a hub for Peach, the first international low-cost carrier in Japan.

In 2016, 25.2 million passengers used the airport making it the 30th busiest airport in Asia and 3rd busiest in Japan. Freight volume was at 802,162 tonnes total, of which 757,414 t were international (18th in the world), and 44,748 t were domestic.[7] The {{convert|4000|x|60|m|abbr=on|0}} second runway was opened on 2 August 2007. {{As of|2014|6}}, Kansai Airport has become an Asian hub, with 780 weekly flights to Asia and Australasia (including freight 119), 59 weekly flights to Europe and the Middle East (freight 5), and 80 weekly flights to North America (freight 42).[8]

History

In the 1960s, when the Kansai region was rapidly losing trade to Tokyo, planners proposed a new airport near Kobe and Osaka. Osaka International Airport, located in the densely populated suburbs of Itami and Toyonaka, was surrounded by buildings; it could not be expanded, and many of its neighbours had filed complaints because of noise pollution problems. {{Citation needed|date=July 2017}}

After the protests surrounding New Tokyo International Airport (now Narita International Airport), which was built with expropriated land in a rural part of Chiba Prefecture, planners decided to build the airport offshore. The new airport was part of a number of new developments to revitalize Osaka, which had been losing economic and cultural ground to Tokyo for most of the century.[9]

Initially, the airport was planned to be built near Kobe, but the city of Kobe refused the plan, so the airport was moved to a more southerly location on Osaka Bay. There it could be open 24 hours per day, unlike its predecessor in the city.

Construction

An artificial island, {{cvt|4|km}} long and {{cvt|2.5|km}} wide, was proposed. Engineers needed to overcome the extremely high risks of earthquakes and typhoons (with storm surges of up to {{cvt|3|m|ft|0|disp=comma}}). The water depth is 18 m on top of 20 m of soft Holocene clay which holds 70% water.[10][11][12][13] A million sand drains were built into the clay to remove water and solidify the clay.[12][13]

Construction started in 1987. The sea wall was finished in 1989 (made of rock and 48,000 tetrapods). Three mountains were excavated for {{convert|21|e6m3|e6yd3|abbr=unit}},{{Citation needed|date=August 2016}} and {{convert|180|e6m3|e6yd3|abbr=unit}} was used to construct island 1.[11] 10,000 workers and 10 million work hours over three years, using eighty ships, were needed to complete the {{convert|30|m|adj=on}} (or 40 m)[11] layer of earth over the sea floor and inside the sea wall. In 1990, a three kilometer bridge was completed to connect the island to the mainland at Rinku Town, at a cost of $1 billion.{{Citation needed|date=August 2016}} Completion of the artificial island increased the area of Osaka Prefecture just enough that it is no longer the smallest prefecture in Japan (Kagawa Prefecture is now the smallest).

The bidding and construction of the airport was a source of international trade friction during the late 1980s and early 1990s. Prime Minister Yasuhiro Nakasone responded to American concerns, particularly from Senator Frank Murkowski, that bids would be rigged in Japanese companies' favour by providing special offices for prospective international contractors,[14] which ultimately did little to ease the participation of foreign contractors in the bidding process.[15] Later, foreign airlines complained that two-thirds of the departure hall counter space had been allocated to Japanese carriers, disproportionately to the actual carriage of passengers through the airport.[16]

The island had been predicted to sink {{cvt|5.7|m}} by the most optimistic estimate as the weight of the material used for construction compressed the seabed silts. However, by 1999, the island had sunk {{cvt|8.2|m}} – much more than predicted. The project became the most expensive civil works project in modern history after twenty years of planning, three years of construction and fifteen billion (US) dollars of investment. Much of what was learned went into the successful artificial islands in silt deposits for New Kitakyushu Airport, Kobe Airport, and Chūbu Centrair International Airport. The lessons of Kansai Airport were also applied in the construction of Hong Kong International Airport.[17]

In 1991, the terminal construction commenced. To compensate for the sinking of the island, adjustable columns were designed to support the terminal building. These are extended by inserting thick metal plates at their bases. Government officials proposed reducing the length of the terminal to cut costs, but architect Renzo Piano insisted on keeping the terminal at its full planned length.[18] The airport opened in 1994.

On 17 January 1995, Japan was struck by the Kobe earthquake, whose epicenter was about {{cvt|20|km}} away from KIX and killed 6,434 people on Japan's main island of Honshū. Due to its earthquake engineering, the airport emerged unscathed, mostly due to the use of sliding joints. Even the glass in the windows remained intact. In 1998, the airport survived a typhoon with wind speeds of up to {{cvt|200|km/h}}.{{Citation needed|date=July 2017}}

On 19 April 2001, the airport was one of ten structures given the "Civil Engineering Monument of the Millennium" award by the American Society of Civil Engineers.[19]

{{As of|2008|}}, the total cost of Kansai Airport was $20 billion including land reclamation, two runways, terminals and facilities. Most additional costs were initially due to the island sinking, expected due to the soft soils of Osaka Bay. After construction the rate of sinking was considered so severe that the airport was widely criticized as a geotechnical engineering disaster. The sink rate fell from {{cvt|50|cm}} per year during 1994 to {{cvt|7|cm}} per year in 2008.[20]

Operation

Opened on 4 September 1994, the airport serves as a hub for several airlines such as All Nippon Airways, Japan Airlines, and Nippon Cargo Airlines. It is the international gateway for Japan's Kansai region, which contains the major cities of Kyoto, Kobe, and Osaka. Other Kansai domestic flights fly from the older but more conveniently located Osaka International Airport in Itami, or from the newer Kobe Airport.

The airport had been deeply in debt, losing $560 million in interest every year. Airlines had been kept away by high landing fees (about $7,500 for a Boeing 747), the second most expensive in the world after Narita's. In the early years of the airport's operation, excessive terminal rent and utility bills for on-site concessions also drove up operating costs: some estimates before opening held that a cup of coffee would have to cost US$10.[21] Osaka business owners pressed the government to take a greater burden of the construction cost to keep the airport attractive to passengers and airlines.[22]

On 17 February 2005, Chubu Centrair International Airport opened in Nagoya, just east of Osaka. The opening of the airport was expected to increase competition between Japan's international airports. Despite this, passenger totals were up 11% in 2005 over 2004, and international passengers increased to 3.06 million in 2006, up 10% over 2005. Adding to the competition was the opening of Kobe Airport, less than {{convert|25|km|abbr=on}} away, in 2006 and the lengthening of the runway at Tokushima Airport in Shikoku in 2007. The main rationale behind the expansions was to compete with Incheon International Airport and Hong Kong International Airport as a gateway to Asia, as Tokyo area airports were severely congested. Kansai saw a 5% year-on-year increase in international traffic in summer 2013, largely supported by low-cost carrier traffic to Taiwan and Southeast Asia overcoming a decrease in traffic to China and South Korea.[23]

The airport authority was allotted 4 billion yen in government support for fiscal year 2013, and the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport and Ministry of Finance have agreed to reduce this amount in stages through fiscal year 2015, although local governments in the Kansai region have pressed for continued subsidies.[24]

Kansai has been marketed as an alternative to Narita Airport for international travelers from the Greater Tokyo Area. By flying to Kansai from Haneda Airport and connecting to international flights there, travelers can save the additional time required to get to Narita: up to one and a half hours for many residents of Kanagawa Prefecture and southern Tokyo.

Expansion

The airport was at its limit during peak times, owing especially to freight flights, so a portion of Phase II expansion—the second runway—was made a priority.[25] Thus, in 2003, believing that the sinking problem was almost over, the airport operators started to construct a {{convert|4000|m|abbr=on}} second runway and terminal.

The second runway opened on 2 August 2007, but with the originally planned terminal portion postponed. This lowered the project cost to JPY¥910 billion (approx. US$8 billion), saving ¥650 billion from the first estimate.[26] The additional runway development, which was opened in time for the IAAF world athletics championships in Osaka, has expanded the airport size to {{convert|10.5|km2|acre}}. The second runway is used for landings and when there are incidents prohibiting take off use of runway A. The new runway allowed the airport to start 24-hour operations in September 2007.[27][28]

A new terminal building opened in late 2012.[29] There are additional plans for several new aprons, a third runway (06C/24C) with a length of {{convert|3500|m|abbr=on|0}}, a new cargo terminal and expanding the airport size to {{convert|13|km2|abbr=on}}. {{As of|2012|}}, the Japanese government is postponing these plans for economic reasons.

Relationship with Itami Airport

Since July 2008, Osaka Prefecture governor Toru Hashimoto has been a vocal critic of Itami Airport, arguing that the Chuo Shinkansen maglev line will make much of its domestic role irrelevant, and that its domestic functions should be transferred to Kansai Airport in conjunction with upgraded high-speed access to Kansai from central Osaka.[30] In 2009, Hashimoto also publicly proposed moving the functions of Marine Corps Air Station Futenma to Kansai Airport as a possible solution for the political crisis surrounding the base.[31]

In May 2011, the Diet of Japan passed legislation to form a new Kansai International Airport Corporation using the state's existing equity stake in Kansai Airport and its property holdings at Itami Airport. The move was aimed at offsetting Kansai Airport's debt burden.[32]

The merger of the Itami and Kansai airport authorities was completed in July 2012. Shortly following the merger, Kansai Airport announced a 5% reduction in landing fees effective October 2012, with additional reductions during overnight hours when the airport is underutilized, and further discounts planned for the future, including subsidies for new airlines and routes. {{As of|2012|10}} these moves were intended to bring Kansai's fees closer to the level of Narita International Airport, where landing fees were around 20% lower than Kansai's, and to improve competitiveness with other Asian hubs such as Incheon International Airport in Korea.[33]

Since its formation, the new operating company has also made efforts toward international expansion, bidding for operating concessions at Yangon International Airport and Hanthawaddy International Airport in Myanmar.[34]

KIAC conducted a public tender to sell the operating rights for Kansai and Itami Airport in May 2015. Orix and Vinci SA were the sole bidder for the 45-year contract, at a price of around $18 billion.[35] The new operating company, Kansai Airports, took over on April 1, 2016.[36] It is 80% owned by Orix and Vinci, with the remaining 20% owned by Kansai-based enterprises such as Hankyu Hanshin Holdings and Panasonic.[37]

Typhoon Jebi

On 4 September 2018, the airport was hit by Typhoon Jebi. The airport ceased operations after the typhoon inundated the island under meters{{citation needed|date=September 2018}} of seawater. The situation was further exacerbated when a large tanker crashed into the bridge that links the airport to the mainland, effectively stranding the people remaining at the airport.[38] All flights at the airport were cancelled until 6 September, at which date Prime Minister Shinzō Abe announced the airport would partially resume domestic operations.[39][40]

Terminals

Terminal 1

The main KIX passenger terminal, Terminal 1, is a single four-storey building designed by Renzo Piano Building Workshop (Renzo Piano and Noriaki Okabe), and has a gross floor space of {{convert|296043|m²}}. {{As of|2018|}}, at a total length of {{Convert|1.7|km|abbr=on}} from end to end, Terminal 1 is the longest airport terminal in the world.[41] It has a sophisticated people mover system called the Wing Shuttle, which moves passengers from one end of the pier to the other.

The terminal's roof is shaped like an airfoil. This shape is used to promote air circulation through the building: giant air conditioning ducts blow air upwards at one side of the terminal, circulate the air across the curvature of the ceiling, and collect the air through intakes at the other side. Mobiles are suspended in the ticketing hall to take advantage of the flowing air.

The ticketing hall overlooks the international departures concourse, and the two are separated by a glass partition. During Kansai's early days, visitors were known to throw objects over the partition to friends in the corridor below. The partition was eventually modified to halt this practice.

Terminal 2

Terminal 2 is a low-cost carrier (LCC) terminal designed to attract more LCCs by providing lower landing fees than Terminal 1. It is exclusively occupied by Peach, Spring Airlines and Jeju Air. Other LCCs serving Kansai, such as Jetstar Airways, Jetstar Japan, and Cebu Pacific Air, use the main Terminal 1.[42]

Peach requested that Terminal 2 have a simplified design in order to minimize operating costs.[43] The terminal is a single-story building, thus eliminating the cost of elevators. Passageways to aircraft have no air conditioning.[44] The terminal also has no jet bridges, having one boarding gate for domestic departures and one boarding gate for international departures. In case of rain, passengers are lent umbrellas to use as they walk to the aircraft.[45]

Terminal 2 is not directly connected to Terminal 1 or to Kansai Airport Station. Free shuttle buses run between the two terminals, and between Terminal 2 and the railway and ferry stations. It is also possible to walk between the terminals through the KIX Sora Park, a four-hectare park located adjacent to Terminal 2.[46]

Airlines and destinations

Passenger

{{Airport-dest-list
| Air Busan | Busan, Daegu[47]
| Air Canada | Seasonal: Vancouver (resumes 2 June 2019)[48][49]
| Air China | Beijing–Capital, Chengdu, Dalian, Hangzhou[50], Shanghai–Pudong, Tianjin[51]
| Air France | Paris–Charles de Gaulle
| Air India | Delhi, Hong Kong, Mumbai
| Air Macau | Macau
| Air New Zealand | Seasonal: Auckland
| Air Seoul | Seoul–Incheon[52]
| AirAsia X | Honolulu,[53] Kuala Lumpur–International, Taipei-Taoyuan[54]
| Aircalin | Nouméa
| All Nippon Airways | Beijing–Capital, Dalian, Fukuoka, Hangzhou, Hong Kong, Ishigaki, Miyako, Naha, Qingdao, Sapporo–Chitose, Shanghai–Pudong, Tokyo–Haneda
Seasonal: Asahikawa, Memanbetsu
| Asiana Airlines | Seoul–Gimpo, Seoul–Incheon
Seasonal: Saipan
| Beijing Capital Airlines | Hangzhou
| British Airways | London–Heathrow[55]
| Cathay Pacific | Hong Kong, Taipei–Taoyuan
| Cebu Pacific | Manila
| China Airlines | Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taipei–Taoyuan
| China Eastern Airlines | Beijing–Capital, Dalian,[56] Hangzhou, Kunming, Nanjing, Ningbo, Qingdao, Shanghai–Pudong, Xi'an, Yanji,[57] Yantai
| China Eastern Airlines
{{nowrap|operated by Shanghai Airlines}} | Shanghai–Pudong
| {{nowrap|China Southern Airlines}} | Changchun (resumes 17 June 2019)[58], Changsha, Dalian, Guangzhou, Guiyang, Harbin, Shanghai–Pudong, Shenyang, Shenzhen, Wuhan, Zhengzhou
| Delta Air Lines |Honolulu
Seasonal: Seattle/Tacoma (resumes 2 April 2019)[59][60]
| Eastar Jet | Busan, Cheongju, Seoul–Incheon
| EgyptAir | Charter: Cairo, Luxor[61]
| Emirates | Dubai–International
| EVA Air | Kaohsiung, Taipei–Taoyuan
| Finnair | Helsinki
| Garuda Indonesia | Denpasar/Bali, Jakarta–Soekarno–Hatta
| Hainan Airlines | Haikou,[62] Shenzhen[63]
| Hawaiian Airlines | Honolulu
| Hong Kong Airlines | Hong Kong
| HK Express | Hong Kong
| Japan Airlines | Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Honolulu, Los Angeles, Sapporo–Chitose, Shanghai–Pudong, Taipei–Taoyuan, Tokyo–Haneda
| Japan Airlines
operated by Japan Transocean Air | Ishigaki, Naha
| Jeju Air | Busan, Cheongju,[64] Guam,[64] Seoul–Gimpo, Seoul–Incheon
Seasonal: Muan[65]
| Jetstar Airways | Cairns
| Jetstar Asia Airways | Clark,[66] Manila, Singapore, Taipei–Taoyuan
| Jetstar Japan | Fukuoka, Hong Kong, Kochi,[67] Kumamoto,[68] Manila, Naha, Sapporo–Chitose, Shimojishima (begins 3 July 2019),[69] Taipei–Taoyuan, Tokyo–Narita
| Jetstar Pacific | Da Nang, Hanoi[70]
| Jin Air | Busan,[71] Seoul–Incheon
| Juneyao Airlines | Nanjing,[72] Qingdao,[73] Shanghai–Pudong
| KLM | Amsterdam
| Korean Air | Busan, Jeju, Seoul–Gimpo, Seoul–Incheon
| Lufthansa | Munich[74]
| Malaysia Airlines | Kuala Lumpur–International
| MIAT Mongolian Airlines | Seasonal: Ulaanbaatar (resumes 3 July 2019)[75]
| NokScoot | Bangkok–Don Mueang[76]
| Okay Airways | Tianjin
| Peach | Amami Oshima (begins 27 October 2019), Busan, Fukuoka, Hong Kong, Ishigaki, Kagoshima, Kaohsiung, Kushiro,[77] Matsuyama, Miyazaki, Nagasaki, Naha, Niigata,[78] Sapporo–Chitose, Sendai, Seoul–Incheon, Shanghai–Pudong, Taipei–Taoyuan, Tokyo–Narita
| Philippine Airlines | Cebu, Manila, Taipei–Taoyuan[79]
| Philippines AirAsia |Manila (begins 1 July 2019)[80]
| Qantas | Sydney[81][82]
| S7 Airlines | Seasonal: Vladivostok
| Scoot | Bangkok–Don Mueang, Honolulu (ends 7 May 2019),[83] Kaohsiung, Singapore
| Shandong Airlines | Jinan, Qingdao,[84]
| Shenzhen Airlines | Beijing–Capital,[85] Nantong,[86] Shenzhen, Wuxi
| Sichuan Airlines | Chengdu, Xi'an[87]
| Singapore Airlines | Singapore
| Spring Airlines | Chongqing, Dalian,[88] Guangzhou ,[89] Hefei (ends 24 April 2019),[90] Luoyang, Qingdao, Shanghai–Pudong, Tianjin, Wuhan, Xi'an,[91] Yangzhou, Zhengzhou (ends 30 April 2019)[92]
| Spring Airlines Japan | Tokyo–Narita
| StarFlyer | Tokyo–Haneda
| Thai AirAsia X | Bangkok–Don Mueang
| Thai Airways | Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi
| Thai Lion Air | Bangkok–Don Mueang[93]
| Tianjin Airlines | Tianjin
| Tigerair Taiwan | Kaohsiung,[94] Taipei–Taoyuan
| T'way Airlines | Busan,[95] Daegu, Muan, Guam,[96] Jeju,[95] Seoul–Incheon
| United Airlines | Guam, San Francisco
| Vanilla Air | Amami Oshima (ends 6 May 2019),[97] Taipei–Taoyuan (ends 7 May 2019)
| VietJet Air | Hanoi,[98] Ho Chi Minh City[99]
| Vietnam Airlines | Da Nang,[100] Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City
| XiamenAir | Fuzhou, Hangzhou,[101] Xiamen }}

Cargo

{{Refimprove section|date=April 2018}}{{Airport-dest-list|Air China Cargo|Beijing–Capital, Shanghai–Pudong|ANA Cargo|Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Dalian, Naha, Qingdao, Shanghai–Pudong, Tianjin, Tokyo–Haneda, Tokyo–Narita|Air Hong Kong|Hong Kong|Asiana Cargo|Seoul–Incheon|Cargolux Italia|Milan-Malpensa,

Hong Kong|Cathay Pacific Cargo|Hong Kong, Seoul–Incheon|China Airlines Cargo|Anchorage, Los Angeles, Taipei–Taoyuan|China Cargo Airlines|Shanghai–Pudong|China Postal Airlines|Shanghai–Pudong|EVA Air Cargo|Taipei–Taoyuan, Anchorage|FedEx Express|Anchorage, Beijing–Capital, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Indianapolis, Memphis, Oakland, Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Singapore, Shanghai–Pudong, Taipei–Taoyuan, Tokyo–Narita|Korean Air Cargo|Seoul–Incheon|Lufthansa Cargo|Frankfurt, Krasnoyarsk|Nippon Cargo Airlines|Singapore, Tokyo–Narita|Silk Way West Airlines|Baku, Seoul–Incheon|Suparna Airlines|Shanghai–Pudong|UPS Airlines|Anchorage, Shanghai–Pudong, Shenzhen, Tokyo–Narita}}

Ground transportation

{{refimprove section|date=July 2016}}

Rail

Kansai International Airport is connected only by the Sky Gate Bridge R, a road/railroad bridge to Rinku Town and the mainland. The lower railroad level of the bridge is used by two railroad operators: JR West and Nankai Electric Railway.

JR West operates the Haruka limited express train services for Kansai Airport Station from Tennōji, Shin-Ōsaka, and Kyoto Station. JR West also offers "Kansai Airport Rapid" services for Kansai Airport Station from Ōsaka, Kyōbashi Station, and several stations on the way. Various connections, such as buses, subways, trams, and other railroads, are available at each station.

Nankai operates the t, a limited express train service to Namba Station on the southern edge of downtown Osaka. Osaka Metro connections are available at Namba and Tengachaya Station.

Bus

Kansai Airport Transportation Enterprise[102] and other bus operators offer scheduled express bus services, called "Airport Limousines", for Kansai International Airport.

Parking

Two six story parking structures, called P1 and P2, are located above a railroad terminal station, while the other two level parking facilities, called P3 and P4, are situated next to "Aeroplaza", a hotel complex.

The airport is only accessible from the Sky Gate Bridge R, a part of Kansai Airport Expressway. The expressway immediately connects to Hanshin Expressways Route 5, "Wangan Route", and Hanwa Expressway.

Because of the damage sustained during Typhoon Jebi in September 2018, in which two road spans on the southern (airport-bound) side were dislodged and partially crushed by a tanker that had come unmoored in the storm, both lanes of traffic have been rerouted onto the northern (shore-bound) side, and customers are urged to use public transit whenever possible, especially during peak hours.

Ferry service

In July 2007, high-speed ferry service began. OM Kobe operates "Bay Shuttle" between Kobe Airport and KIX. The journey takes about thirty minutes.

Other facilities

  • {{nihongo|Kansai Airport Agency Company Building|航空会社北ビル|Kūkō Kaisha Kita Biru}} – Houses the {{nihongo|Kansai Airport Agency Co., Ltd.|株式会社 関西エアポートエージェンシー|Kabushiki Kaisha Kansai Eapōto Ējenshī}}[103][104]
  • {{nihongo|Kensetsu-to|建設棟|Kensetsu-tō}}
    • The head office of the Kansai International Airport Land Development Co., Ltd. (KALD, 関西国際空港用地造成株式会社 Kansai Kokusai Kūkō Yōchi Zōsei Kabushiki Kaisha) is on the fourth floor.[105]
    • The Peach Aviation head office is on the fifth floor.[106][107]
  • {{nihongo|Aeroplaza|エアロプラザ|Earopuraza}} is located on the west side of Kansai Airport Station. It includes a hotel, restaurants, rental car counters, and other businesses[108]
    • Hotel Nikko Kansai Airport (north portion of Kansai Airport)[4]
    • Head office of Peach Aviation was previously located on the third floor (central portion of Kansai Airport)[109][110]
  • Central power station (KEPCO) energy center, 40 MW
  • JAL Cargo import and export facilities (in southern portion)[5]
  • Japan Coast Guard Kansai airport Coast Guard air base
  • Japan Coast Guard Special Security Team Base
  • Osaka international post office ({{as of|2010|}} carrying about 19,000 tonnes per year of international postal matter)
  • Oil tanker berths (three berths) and Fuel Supply center
  • Airport access bridge ("The Sky Gate Bridge R"), which as of 2011 is the longest {{citation needed|date=July 2017}} truss bridge in the world at {{convert|3750|m|abbr=on|0}}. The double-decker bridge consists of a lower deck devoted to rail, with the upper for road.

See also

{{Portal bar|Osaka|Aviation}}

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.newswit.com/.gen/2014-07-03/444426a161d48e1a8d2b3551e982e060/|title=FedEx Opens North Pacific Regional Hub at Kansai International Airport|publisher=newswit.com|date=3 July 2014|accessdate=3 July 2014}}
2. ^{{cite web|title=New Management Setup of Kansai Airport|url=http://www.kansai-airports.co.jp/en/news/news-releases/file/newmanagementset-upofkansaiairports.pdf|website=Kansai Airports|publisher=Kansai Airports|accessdate=2016-04-24|date=2016-04-01}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=https://aisjapan.mlit.go.jp/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722105350/https://aisjapan.mlit.go.jp/ |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2011-07-22 |title=AIS Japan |date=2011-07-22 |accessdate=2018-07-15}}
4. ^1 Home {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110808164332/http://www.nikkokix.com/11_english/e-index.shtml |date= 8 August 2011 }}. Hotel Nikko Kansai Airport. Retrieved on 23 July 2011. "Hotel Nikko Kansai Airport 1, Senshu-kuko Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka, 549-0001, Japan "
5. ^1 "OSAKA KANSAI (Kansai International Airport)." JAL Cargo. Retrieved on 23 July 2011. "Departure JAL Export Cargo Bldg. 1 Senshu Airport Minami, Sennan, Osaka Arrival JALKAS Import Cargo Bldg. 1 Senshu Airport Minami, Sennan, Osaka"
6. ^"航空運送事業の許可について（Peach・Aviation 株式会社）." Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism. 7 July 2011 (Heisei 23). Retrieved on 21 July 2011. "１．本社所在地 大阪府泉南郡田尻町泉州空港中１番地（関西空港内）"
7. ^Kansai International Airport Statistics {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529074627/http://www.kiac.co.jp/en/data/index.html |date=29 May 2012 }} – Kansai International Airport Co., Ltd.
8. ^Kansai International Airport 2014 summer Flight Schedules – Kansai International Airport Co., Ltd.
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108. ^"Airport Facilities Information {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605033459/http://www.kansai-airport.or.jp/en/map/guidance/index.html |date=5 June 2011 }}." Kansai International Airport. Retrieved on 23 July 2011. ""
109. ^"[https://archive.is/20110530053501/http://www.flypeach.com/privacy/index.html?lang=en Privacy Policy]." Peach Aviation. Retrieved on 23 July 2011. "Personal information desk Peach Aviation Limited Aeroplaza 3F, 1 Senshu-kuko-naka, Tajiricho, Sennan-gun, Osaka 549-8585, Japan" – [https://archive.is/20110621011052/http://www.flypeach.com/privacy/index.html Japanese]: "〒549-8585 大阪府泉南郡田尻町泉州空港中1 番地エアロプラザ3F Peach Aviation株式会社 個人情報取り扱い担当行き"
110. ^"[https://archive.is/20110604181450/http://www.flypeach.com/company/index.html?lang=en About Us]." Peach. Retrieved on 21 July 2011. "Tajiri-cho, Sennangun, Osaka, Japan" [https://archive.is/20110618071411/http://www.flypeach.com/company/index.html Address in Japanese]: "本社所在地 大阪府泉南郡田尻町"

Further reading

  • Hausler, E. and N. Sitar. "Performance of Soil Improvement Techniques in Earthquakes." ([https://www.webcitation.org/6IgATO9dw?url=http://nisee.berkeley.edu/archives/hausler/cases/HKN047.pdf Archive]) (Report in Progress) Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California Berkeley.

External links

{{commons|Kansai International Airport}}{{wikivoyage|Kansai International Airport}}
  • {{en icon}} KIX operations website
  • KIX corporate website
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20061111075807/http://www.kald.co.jp/english/eindexframe.html KIX development website]
  • Airport information for KIX
  • Charts for KIX / RJBB
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20130319134458/http://www.nkiac.co.jp/en/company/history/kix/index.html History of KIX]
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927200339/http://www.focchi.it/projects/kansai-international-airport/ About the project of Kansai International Airport]
{{Japanese airports}}{{FedEx}}{{Osaka transit}}

8 : Airports established in 1994|Airports in Japan|Artificial island airports|Artificial islands of Japan|Kansai region|Renzo Piano buildings|Transport in Osaka Prefecture|1994 establishments in Japan
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