| 释义 |
- Alphabet
- Phonology
- Grammar Nominals Cases Possessive suffixes
- Language example
- Numerals
- Loanwords
- Bibliography
- References
- External links
{{pp-pc1}}{{more footnotes|date=June 2011}}{{Infobox language
|name = Karachay-Balkar
|nativename = Къарачай-Малкъар тил
Таулу тил
|states = Russia
|region = Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay–Cherkessia, Afyonkarahisar Province
|ethnicity = Karachays, Balkars
|speakers = {{sigfig|305,000|2}}
|ref = [1]
|date = 2010 census
|familycolor = Altaic
|fam1 = Turkic
|fam2 = Common Turkic
|fam3 = Kipchak
|fam4 = {{Interlanguage link multi|Kipchak–Cuman|ru|3=Половецко-кыпчакские языки}}
|script = Cyrillic,
Latin
|nation = {{Flag|Russia}}- {{Flag|Karachay-Cherkessia}}
- {{Flag|Kabardino-Balkaria}}
|iso2 = krc
|iso3 = krc
|glotto = kara1465
|glottorefname = Karachay-Balkar
|dia1 = Karachay
|dia2 = Balkar
|notice = IPA
}}The Karachay-Balkar language ({{lang|krc|Къарачай-Малкъар тил}}, {{lang|krc-Latn|Qaraçay-Malqar til}} or {{lang|krc|Таулу тил}}, {{lang|krc-Latn|Tawlu til}}, Kabardian:Къарачайбзэ) is a Turkic language spoken by the Karachays and Balkars in Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay–Cherkessia, European Russia, as well as by an immigrant population in Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey. It is divided into two dialects: Karachay-Baksan-Chegem, which pronounces two phonemes as {{IPA|/tʃ/}} and {{IPA|/dʒ/}}, and Balkar, which pronounces the corresponding phonemes as {{IPA|/ts/}} and {{IPA|/z/}}. The modern Karachay-Balkar written language is based on the Karachay-Baksan-Chegem dialect. The language is closely related to Kumyk.[1] Alphabet Modern Karachay-Balkar Cyrillic alphabet: А а
/a/ | Б б
/b/ | В в
/v/ | Г г
/g/ | Гъ гъ
| Д д
/d/ | Дж дж
/dʒ/ | Е е
/je/ | Ё ё
/ø, jo/ | Ж ж*
/ʒ/ | З з
/z/ | И и
/i/ | Й й
/j/ | К к
/k/ | Къ къ
/q/ | Л л
/l/ | М м
/m/ | Н н
/n/ | Нг нг
/ŋ/ | О о
/o/ | П п
/p/ | Р р
/r/ | С с
/s/ | Т т
/t/ | У у
/u, w/ | Ф ф*
/f/ | Х х
/x/ | Ц ц
/ts/ | Ч ч
/tʃ/ | Ш ш
/ʃ/ | Щ щ | ъ
| Ы ы
/ɯ/ | ь
| Э э
/e/ | Ю ю
/y, ju/ | Я я
/ja/ |
* Not found in native vocabulary Karachay-Balkar Latin alphabet: | A a | B в | C c | Ç ç | D d | E e | F f | G g | | Ƣ ƣ | I i | J j | K k | Q q | L l | M m | N n | | N̡ n̡ | O o | Ө ө | P p | R r | S s | Ş ş | T t | | Ь ь | U u | V v | Y y | X x | Z z | Ƶ ƶ |
Phonology Vowels[2]| Front | Back |
|---|
| Close | i y | ɯ u |
|---|
| Mid | e ø | o |
|---|
| Open | a |
|---|
Consonants[2]| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | | Plosive | p b | t d | k ɡ | (q) (ɢ) |
|---|
| Fricative | [f] | s z | ʃ | x (ɣ) | h |
|---|
| Affricate | [ts] | tʃ dʒ |
|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ |
|---|
| Liquid | l r |
|---|
| Approximant | w | j |
|---|
Parentheses indicate allophones. GrammarNominalsCases| Case | Suffix | | Nominative | -ø | | Accusative | -NI | | Genitive | -NI | | Dative | -GA | | Locative | -DA | | Ablative | -DAн |
Possessive suffixes| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | | Singular | -Iм | -Iнг | -(s)I(n) | | Plural | -IбIз | -IгIз | -(s)I(n) |
Language exampleArticle 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Karachay-Balkar: | In Cyrillic | Transliteration | Translation | | Бютеу адамла эркин болуб эмда сыйлары бла хакълары тенг болуб тууадыла. Алагъа акъыл бла намыс берилгенди эмда бир-бирлерине къарнашлыкъ халда къараргъа керекдиле. | Bütew adamla erkin bolub emda sıyları bla haqları teñ bolub tuwadıla. Alağa aqıl bla namıs berilgendi emda bir-birlerine qarnaşlıq halda qararğa kerekdile. | All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. |
Numerals| Numeral | Karachay-Balkar | Kumyk | Nogay | | 0 | ноль | ноль | ноль | | 1 | бир | бир | бир | | 2 | эки | эки | эки | | 3 | юч | уьч | уьш | | 4 | тёрт | дёрт | доьрт | | 5 | беш | беш | бес | | 6 | алты | алты | алты | | 7 | джети | етти | йети | | 8 | сегиз | сегиз | сегиз | | 9 | тогъуз | тогъуз | тогыз | | 10 | он | он | он | |
LoanwordsLoanwords from Ossetian, Kabardian, Arabic, and Persian are fairly numerous.[1] Bibliography- Chodiyor Doniyorov and Saodat Doniyorova. Parlons Karatchay-Balkar. Paris: Harmattan, 2005. {{ISBN|2-7475-9577-3}}.
- Steve Seegmiller (1996) Karachay (LINCOM)
References[3]External links{{InterWiki|code=krc}}{{wikivoyage|Karachay-Balkar phrasebook}}- Russian-Karachay-Balkar On-Line Dictionary (a)
- Russian-Karachay-Balkar On-Line Dictionary (b)
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20130321005118/http://zaman.smikbr.ru/ "Заман" newspaper]
- "Къарачай" newspaper
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20120402101738/http://jurnals.smikbr.ru/downloads.php?cat_id=2 "Минги Тау" magazine]
{{Turkic languages}}{{Languages of the Caucasus}}{{Languages of Russia}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Karachay-Balkar Language}} 7 : Agglutinative languages|Kipchak languages|Languages of Russia|Kabardino-Balkaria|Karachay-Cherkessia|Languages of the Caucasus|Western Kipchak |