| 词条 | John Dewar (RAF officer) |
| 释义 |
|name=John Scatliff Dewar |image=John Scatliff Dewar.jpg |caption=Exeter Airfield, summer 1940 |birth_date=10 August 1907 |death_date=11 September 1940 |placeofburial_label= |placeofburial= |birth_place=Mussoni, Lahore, India |death_place=Over the English Channel, just off Selsey Bill |placeofburial_coordinates= |nickname= |birth_name= |allegiance={{flag|United Kingdom}} |branch={{air force|United Kingdom}} |serviceyears=1926–1941 |rank=Wing Commander |servicenumber= |unit= |commands=No. 87 Squadron RAF, Exeter Wing |battles=World War II
|battles_label= |awards=Distinguished Service Order Distinguished Flying Cross |relations= |laterwork=Rolls Royce }} Wing Commander John Scatliff Dewar, DSO, DFC (1907 – 1940) was a World War II Royal Air Force fighter pilot, who was killed in action during the Battle of Britain. Early lifeDewar was born in Mussoni, Lahore, India, the second son of Douglas Dewar who was working for the Indian Civil Service at the time but originally came from Camberley in Surrey. John was named for his grandfather, John M.E. Scatliff. He was educated at The King's School, Canterbury where he was a School Monitor and played in the Cricket XI and the Rugby XV. Dewar was a member of the school Officer Training Corps, attaining the rank of Sergeant. He was also Editor of the school magazine, The Cantuarian. Royal Air ForceDewar attended the Royal Air Force College Cranwell from 1926 and 1927 and on graduation was commissioned as a Pilot Officer. His first posting was to No. 13 Army Co-operation Squadron at Andover. Dewar was promoted to Flying Officer on 17 June 1929. He became a Qualified Flying Instructor at the School of Naval Cooperation. In 1933 he was posted to No. 822 Fleet Spotter/Reconnaissance (an attached RAF flight that later became part of the Fleet Air Arm) and joined HMS Furious. He served as part of the Home Fleet and in the Mediterranean. On one occasion he was washed overboard in the Bay of Biscay but was rescued. He was promoted to the rank of Flight Lieutenant on 1 February 1934 while at sea in the Caribbean. In 1934 he was transferred to No. 801 Fleet Fighter Squadron. From 1936 to 1938 Dewar served in the Armament Testing Section at the Aeroplane and Armament Experimental Establishment (A&AEE) at RAF Martlesham Heath, and participated in the early development of both the Hurricane and Spitfire prototypes. He was promoted to Squadron Leader on 1 February 1938 and posted to Thorney Island as Senior Operations Officer. On 10 November 1939, he was posted to RAF's No. 11 Group pilot pool for reassignment to a fighter squadron. He was by that time one of the most senior active duty pilots in the RAF. Family lifeOn 10 July 1937, he married Kathleen "Kay" Bowyer, daughter of Southampton politician P.V. Bowyer. World War IIDewar was given command of No. 87 Squadron RAF on 29 November 1939 and led the Squadron during operations during the Battle of France, distinguishing himself by his superb piloting and leadership skills. On 7 May 1940, returning from a sortie in bad weather and low on fuel, Dewar had to force land his Hurricane at an unserviceable airfield at Villefranche. As he touched down his wheels dug into the mud and the aircraft overturned, severely injuring his right shoulder. In spite of his injury, he refused to ground himself and continued to fly. He claimed a Dornier Do 17 shared and two Junker Ju 87s of I./StG 2 on 11 May, and another Ju 87 the next day. For this and his leadership of 87 Squadron he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO). On 20 May 1940, in the face of the advancing German Army, Dewar ordered his squadron to return to England .[1] He was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross which appeared in the London Gazette of 31 May 1940. The citation reads: Air Ministry, 31 May 1940. In the same edition of the Gazette he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order with the following citation: Air Ministry, 31 May 1940. He continued to fly operationally from RAF Exeter with No. 87 Squadron during the Battle of Britain, claiming two Bf 110 fighters on 11 July, a share in a Ju 88 on 13 August, and a Ju88 destroyed on 25 August.[4] On 1 September 1940, he was promoted to the rank of Wing Commander[5][6] and became the Officer Commanding RAF Exeter. On 12 September[7] 1940 Dewar took off on a routine flight from RAF Exeter for RAF Tangmere in Hurricane V7306 to visit either conference or even his wife, but he failed to arrive. He was registered under 213 Squadron. Dewar was the highest RAF ranking officer to be lost during the battle.[8] 87 Squadron ORB stated on 12 September: "Wing Commander Dewar set out from Exeter for a visit to Tangmere and was not heard of again. He had been informed of enemy activity on the route over which he was to pass, and no doubt must have run into more trouble than he could cope with by himself. A very set loss to 87 Squadron."[9] On that day he was listed with 213 Squadron, not 87 Squadron. 213 Squadron made combat claim both on 11 September and 12 September at 11.10.[10] He took off during late afternoon. His body was washed ashore on 30 September 1940[7] at Kingston Gorse in Sussex. There is some mystery surrounding his death as some reports suggest that he had taken to his parachute and that his body "was riddled with bullets" when it was found, implying that he had been shot and killed during his parachute descent. In reality there was no evidence at all. He could be hit in the cockpit, of course. From S/Ldr Randolph Stuart Mills letter we know: "a body clothed in a shirt was washed up on the beach at Kingston Gorse, Sussex, and subsequently identified as Wing Commander J. S. Dewar by means of laundry marks... a tunic was also found nearby the body, market ʽJSDʼ and had the ribbons of DSO and DFC. It was established that this officer was killed by machine-gun fire, there being bullet wounds in the back of the head, and the left leg was practically shot off."[11] It looks like he was surprised and killed from behind at very close range both by machine-gun bullets in the head and cannon shell in leg. This suit to a sudden and deadly attack without knowing anything about the possible danger. We know one suitable claim for his loss. Lt. Günter Hess (1.) of 2./JG 53, Hurricane at 18.00 (OKL+JFV d.Dt.Lw. 4/II-129B), so he was killed by a rookie.[12] His unit was based at Neuville-sous-Montreuil airport situated 14,5 km ESE Le Touquet. The distance from that base is only up to 200 km, so definitely in confortable range by Bf 109E-4.[13]{{original research inline|date=April 2018}} John Scatliff Dewar is buried at St John the Baptist church in North Baddesley, Hampshire. He and his wife Kay had no children. Kay died on 16 September 2001 at Blatchington Court, Seaford. References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://battleofbritain1940.net/bobhsoc/index.html|title=Welcome to the Official Website of The Battle of Britain Historical Society|website=Battleofbritain1940.net|accessdate=3 November 2018}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/34860/supplements/3252|title=The London Gazette|date=28 May 1940|quotation=Supplement:34860|page=3252|website=London-gazette.co.uk|accessdate=3 November 2018}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/34860/supplements/3251|title=The London Gazette|date=28 May 1940|quotation=Supplement:34860|page=3251|website=London-gazette.co.uk|accessdate=3 November 2018}} 4. ^'Aces High', Shores & Williams, page 221 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/34949/pages/5580|title=The London Gazette|date=20 September 1940|quotation=Supplement:34949|page=5580|website=London-gazette.co.uk|accessdate=3 November 2018}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/35029/supplements/34|title=The London Gazette|date=31 December 1940|quotation=Supplement:35029|page=34|website=London-gazette.co.uk|accessdate=3 November 2018}} 7. ^1 RAF records record this as 12 September. The date of 11 September has been erroneously confirmed by the Air Historical Branch (RAF) (letter dated 3 May 2002). One of many AHB mistakes. 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/2439033|title=Casualty|website=Cwgc.org|accessdate=3 November 2018}} 9. ^{{cite book|author=Dilip Sarkar|title=The Final Few|page=235|publisher=Amberley Publishing|date=15 September 2015|isbn=978-1445642369}} 10. ^Foreman: RAF Fighter Command Victory Claims of World War two, pp.219-223. 11. ^{{cite book|author=Dilip Sarkar|title=The Final Few|page=239|publisher=Amberley Publishing|date=15 September 2015|isbn=978-1445642369}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cieldegloire.fr/jg_053.php#victoires1940|title=Jagdgeschwader 53 - JG 53|first=PARRA|last=Laurent|website=Cieldegloire.fr|accessdate=3 November 2018}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lexikon-der-wehrmacht.de/Gliederungen/Jagdgeschwader/Inhalt.htm|title=Lexikon der Wehrmacht - Jagdgeschwader|website=Lexikon-der-wehrmacht.de|accessdate=3 November 2018}} External links
8 : 1907 births|1940 deaths|Royal Air Force officers|Companions of the Distinguished Service Order|Royal Air Force pilots of World War II|The Few|Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)|Graduates of the Royal Air Force College Cranwell |
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