| 词条 | Kargopol |
| 释义 |
|en_name=Kargopol |ru_name=Каргополь |image_skyline= |image_caption= |coordinates = {{coord|61|30|N|38|56|E|display=inline,title}} |map_label_position=right |image_coa=Coat of Arms of Kargopol (Arkhangelsk oblast).png |coa_caption= |image_flag= |flag_caption= |anthem= |anthem_ref= |holiday= |holiday_ref= |federal_subject=Arkhangelsk Oblast |federal_subject_ref=[1] |adm_data_as_of=June 2011 |adm_district_jur=Kargopolsky District |adm_district_jur_ref=[1] |adm_selsoviet_jur=Kargopol |adm_selsoviet_type=Town of district significance |adm_selsoviet_jur_ref=[1] |adm_ctr_of1=Kargopolsky District |adm_ctr_of1_ref=[1] |adm_ctr_of2=town of district significance of Kargopol |adm_ctr_of2_ref=[1] |inhabloc_cat=Town |inhabloc_cat_ref=[1] |inhabloc_type= |inhabloc_type_ref= |mun_data_as_of=March 2013 |mun_district_jur=Kargopolsky Municipal District |mun_district_jur_ref=[7] |urban_settlement_jur=Kargopolskoye Urban Settlement |urban_settlement_jur_ref=[7] |mun_admctr_of1=Kargopolsky Municipal District |mun_admctr_of1_ref=[7] |mun_admctr_of2=Kargopolskoye Urban Settlement |mun_admctr_of2_ref=[7] |leader_title= |leader_title_ref= |leader_name= |leader_name_ref= |representative_body= |representative_body_ref= |area_of_what= |area_as_of= |area_km2= |area_km2_ref= |pop_2010census=10214 |pop_2010census_ref=[1] |pop_density= |pop_density_as_of= |pop_density_ref= |pop_latest= |pop_latest_date= |pop_latest_ref= |established_date=1146 |established_title=First mentioned |established_date_ref= |current_cat_date= |current_cat_date_ref= |prev_name1= |prev_name1_date= |prev_name1_ref= |postal_codes= |postal_codes_ref= |dialing_codes= |dialing_codes_ref= |website= |website_ref= |commonscat=Kargopol |date=September 2013 }} Kargopol ({{lang-ru|Ка́ргополь}}) is a town and the administrative center of Kargopolsky District in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, located on both sides of the Onega River, several miles north of Lake Lacha, in the southwestern corner of the oblast. Population: {{ru-census|p2010=10,214|p2002=11,192|p1989=12,495}} HistoryIt is not clear when Kargopol was founded, but, when first chronicled in 1146, it was a trade station of the Novgorod Republic and one of the most northerly permanent Slavic settlements.{{citation needed|date=September 2013}} Although documentation for its early history is scarce, it is believed that Kargopol was the most significant trade center of Bjarmaland throughout the 13th and 14th centuries. In 1447, it was the place where Dmitry Shemyaka found refuge from Vasily II's ire. Situated on the ancient route between Moscow and Arkhangelsk (then the only Russian seaport), Kargopol became one of the most prosperous cities of Russia, especially after the Muscovy Company started to operate in the mid-16th century. During the Time of Troubles it withstood a siege by Polish and Lithuanian brigands. The peasant rebel Ivan Bolotnikov was executed in Kargopol in 1608. After Russia regained access to the Baltic Sea and St. Petersburg was founded, Kargopol gradually faded to obscurity. However, the people of Kargopol were still active in the exploration of Asian Russia. Alexander Baranov, the first governor of Russian America (Alaska), was born in this town. Administrative and municipal statusWithin the framework of administrative divisions, Kargopol serves as the administrative center of Kargopolsky District.[2] As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Kargopolsky District as the town of district significance of Kargopol.[2] As a municipal division, the town of district significance of Kargopol, together with the village of Zazhigino in Pavlovsky Selsoviet of Kargopolsky District, are incorporated within Kargopolsky Municipal District as Kargopolskoye Urban Settlement.[3] EconomyIndustryTimber industry serves as the basis of the industry of Kargopolsky District. The linum production factory, which used to exist in Kargopol until the 1970s, is defunct.[4] TransportationKargopol is connected by a paved road with Nyandoma and further east the principal highway in the region, M8 connecting Moscow and Arkhangelsk. There is a road to the north, which connects to M8 via Plesetsk and Brin-Navolok. This is the historic trading route which connected Kargopol with Arkhangelsk before the railroad was built and long stretches of this road are still unpaved. The stretch between Kargopol and Plesetsk was paved in 2011.[5] Another unpaved road in the western direction crosses the border with the Republic of Karelia and heads to Pudozh. There is no railroad in Kargopol, even though at the time of construction of the railway between Vologda and Arkhangelsk—a decision taken by Tsar Alexander III in June 1894—it was the biggest town in the region, and the railway was constructed through unpopulated areas. There is an urban legend stating that Kargopol merchants were unhappy with the prospective of the railway construction in Kargopol, thinking it would deteriorate the trade, and therefore requested the railway to be built in detour. As a matter of fact, the local governance body, the Kargopol Duma, in September 1894 twice discussed the issue, came to the conclusion that the railroad construction indeed would deteriorate the trade, but that if it does not pass Kargopol, the damage would be much stronger. Therefore, on both occasions, the Duma sent a petition requesting that the railway would be rerouted via Kargopol. This did not occur since the construction had already started in August 1894, and since the detour would have been too big, as Kargopol is not on a straight line connecting Vologda with Arkhangelsk.[6] The Onega is only navigable between Kargopol and Lake Lacha, since there are rapids downstream of Kargopol. There is an airport in Kargopol, but since at least the early 1990s it has only been used for transporting cargo. Climate{{Weather box|location=Kargopol |metric first=yes |single line=yes |Jan high C=-9 |Feb high C=-7 |Mar high C= |Apr high C=5 |May high C=13 |Jun high C=18 |Jul high C = 20 |Aug high C = 17 |Sep high C = 11 |Oct high C = 3 |Nov high C = -2 |Dec high C = -6 |year high C = 5 |Jan mean C = -12 |Feb mean C = -10 |Mar mean C = -4 |Apr mean C = 1 |May mean C = 8 |Jun mean C = 13 |Jul mean C = 16 |Aug mean C = 13 |Sep mean C = 8 |Oct mean C = 1 |Nov mean C = -4 |Dec mean C = -9 |year mean C = 2 |Jan low C = -16 |Feb low C = -13 |Mar low C = -8 |Apr low C = 2 |May low C = 4 |Jun low C = 9 |Jul low C = 12 |Aug low C = 9 |Sep low C = 5 |Oct low C = |Nov low C = -6 |Dec low C = -12 |year low C = -1 |Jan precipitation days = 28 |Feb precipitation days = 23 |Mar precipitation days = 22 |Apr precipitation days = 18 |May precipitation days = 17 |Jun precipitation days = 17 |Jul precipitation days = 16 |Aug precipitation days = 18 |Sep precipitation days = 18 |Oct precipitation days = 23 |Nov precipitation days = 27 |Dec precipitation days = 29 |year precipitation days = 256 |source 1 = Weatherbase[7] |date=June 2011 }} Culture and recreationToday, Kargopol is a sleepy historical town adjoining the Kenozersky National Park. It is best known in Russia for Kargopol toys (Kargopolskiye igrushki), which are small, simple clay figures painted in traditional style.[8] During its golden age in the 17th century, Kargopol became home to a highly localized brand of medieval Russian architecture. Quite a few wooden and white stone churches survive in the town and its vicinity. The earliest of these buildings is the black-domed Cathedral of the Nativity of Christ, built of dolomite by Novgorodians and consecrated in 1562. The interior features a curious iron hand sticking from the drum. A hallmark of Kargopol churches is delicate stone carving. The Kargopol stone churches are classified as historical and architectural heritage and include:{{RKN_base}}
Kargopol is classified as a historical town by the Ministry of Culture of Russian Federation, which implies certain restrictions on construction in the historical center.[9] The only state museum in the town is the Kargopol State Museum of History, Art, and Architecture, founded in 1919.[10] This is a cloak organization, which not only holds ethnographic, art, and historic exhibits, but also protects some of the architectural monuments in Kargopol and surroundings. Fifteen buildings, including a number of churches, are museum property. There are also two private museums in Kargopol. Kargopol "Bigfoot"Kargopol is also known throughout the Russian northwest for its numerous alleged sasquatch (bigfoot) sightings. The best known legend is reported to have happened in the early 1990s and was documented by authors.[11] Maya Bykova and Vadim Makarov (in his book Atlas of the Snowman[12]) According to the legend, about {{convert|6|km|sp=us}} from Kargopol, two hairy creatures, one a large "mother", the other its "child", made their way towards a military barracks. A young soldier on guard duty noticed the creatures and hurried back to the barracks for help. The sasquatch, carrying its young, entered behind the soldier. Although making non-threatening gestures and sounds, the creature was attacked by a soldier (who promptly passed out due to the overwhelming stench coming from the creature). Frightened, the creature ran away into the forest. As many as a dozen soldiers are reported to have witnessed these strange creatures on this night. ReferencesNotes1. ^{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{OKATO reference|11 218}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 Law #258-vneoch.-OZ 4. ^{{cite journal|last=Нефёдова|first=Татьяна|year=2004|script-title=ru:Каргопольский район: Прошлое, настоящее и будущее русского Севера|journal=Отечественные Записки|issue=4 (18)|url=http://www.strana-oz.ru/?numid=19&article=922|accessdate=June 12, 2011|language=Russian}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ador.ru/news/2011/09/22/288.shtml|script-title=ru:Запущена "Дорога в космос"|date=22 September 2011|publisher=«Дорожное агентство «Архангельскавтодор»|language=Russian|accessdate=September 25, 2011}} 6. ^{{cite book|last=Студенцова|first=Е. О.|title=Уездные города России / Влияние Вологодско-Архангельской железной дороги на экономическое развитие г. Каргополя в конце XIX—начале ХХ в.|url=http://kenozerje.by.ru/kargopol-rw.html|year=2009|location=Kargopol|language=Russian}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=054822&refer=&cityname=Kargopol%27-Russia |title=Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Kargopol' |accessdate=June 30, 2011}} 8. ^{{cite book|last=Дурасов|first=Г. П.|title=Каргопольская глиняная игрушка|year=1986|publisher=Художник РСФСР|location=Leningrad}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rg.ru/2010/09/29/istor-posel-dok.html|title=Приказ Министерства культуры Российской Федерации, Министерства регионального развития Российской Федерации от 29 июля 2010 г. N 418/339 г. Москва "Об утверждении перечня исторических поселений"|date=September 29, 2010|publisher=Российская газета|language=Russian|accessdate=October 24, 2011}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://karmuseum.ru/|script-title=ru:Каргопольский государственный историко-архитектурный и художественный музей|publisher=Каргопольский государственный историко-архитектурный и художественный музей|language=Russian|accessdate=June 12, 2011}} 11. ^http://www.bigfootencounters.com/creatures/russian.htm 12. ^Atlas of the Snowman Sources
External links
2 : Cities and towns in Arkhangelsk Oblast|Olonets Governorate |
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