“John Gyles”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

During King William's War, in 1689, when he was nine years of age, he was living with his family at Fort Charles. On 2 August, while labouring with his father Thomas near the new fort, he was taken prisoner by Maliseets in the Siege of Pemaquid (1689). His father was killed, one brother was taken by the Penobscot, and only one brother escaped. John was conveyed up the Penobscot River, across portages to the Chiputneticook Lakes, and on to the main Maliseet village Meductic.

For six years, Gyles was a slave to the Maliseets. He was forced to serve as drudge to one of the many small hunting parties that moved as far north as Gaspésie and endured harsh treatment.

His fortunes greatly improved in the summer of 1695 when he was sold to Louis D'Amours de Chauffours, who had a seigneury at Jemseg. John hunted and traded for D'Amours and worked in his store. In October 1696, the English came up the Saint John River to attack the capital of Acadia in the Siege of Fort Nashwaak (1696). D'Amours was in France at the time, but Gyles helped to save his master’s house from destruction. He posted on the door a statement, written by D'Amours’ wife, that English captives had been treated kindly there. After the Treaty of Ryswick, Gyles was delivered to the captain of an English vessel at the mouth of the Saint John and sailed for Boston, where he arrived on 19 June 1698.

Queen Anne's War

Gyles’ knowledge of and fluency in the Indian dialects of Acadia made him invaluable to the governing authorities of New England when war broke out again in 1701. During Queen Anne's War, he was with March in the Northeast Coast Campaign (1703). He served as an interpreter under many flags of truce, sailed with Major Benjamin Church in 1704, and fought with Colonel John March at the Siege of Port Royal (1707).

Father Rale's War

Most of his later life was given to military service and liaison with the Indians. In 1715 he helped construct Fort George at Brunswick; which was attacked in 1722.^[3] He remained to command the fort throughout Father Rale's War, until 1725. He finished his military career as commander of the New England garrison on Fort St. George (Thomaston, Maine).^[1]

He married his first wife, Ruth True, in 1703 and his second, Hannah Heath in 1722.

Legacy

In 1736 Gyles published his memoirs of his adventures.^[4] First printed in Boston in 1736, it was reprinted in 1853 and in 1875, and used as the basis for a modern adaptation of the memoirs by Stuart Trueman in 1966.^[1]

Gyles Cove, north of Hillman in York County, New Brunswick was named for him.^[5]

The memoirs are considered a precursor to the frontier romances of James Fenimore Cooper, William Gilmore Simms, and Robert Montgomery Bird.^[6]

A play was produced about his life called John Gyles: an Indian Experience by Theatre New Brunswick's Young Company in 1978.^[7]

Further reading

Also see

References

1. ^¹²{{cite DCB |title=Gyles, John |first=W. S. |last=MacNutt |url=http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/gyles_john_3E.html |volume=3 |accessdate=25 October 2012}}
2. ^In Castine, Maine, a plaque on Dyce Head Lighthouse Rd. says: UPON THESE HEIGHTS, in 1692, James Giles [brother of John Gyles], a boy, and an Englishman, taken at Casco [initially taken in the Siege of Pemaquid (1689)], held in slavery by Madockawando for attempting to escape, were tortured by fire, compelled to eat their noses and ears and then burned to death at the stake" (See [https://archive.org/stream/memoirsoddadven01gylegoog#page/n18/mode/2up/search/brother John Gyles' captivity narrative, p. 10-11]).
3. ^{{cite book|author=Samuel Gardner Drake|title=Tragedies of the Wilderness |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7HpBAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA108&dq=fort+George|year=1853|publisher=Antiquarian bookstore and institute|page=108}}
4. ^{{cite book|author=John Gyles|title=Memoirs of Odd Adventures, Strange Deliverances, &c. in the Captivity of John Gyles, Esq; Commander of the Garrison on St. George's River|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dB4TAAAAYAAJ|accessdate=25 October 2012|year=1736|publisher=S. Kneeland and T. Green, in Queen-Street, over against the prison.}}
5. ^{{cite book|last=Hamilton|first=William B.|title=Place names of Atlantic Canada|date=1996|publisher=Univ. of Toronto Press|location=Toronto [u.a.]|isbn=0802004717|pages=82–83|edition=Repr.}}
6. ^{{Cite book|last=Burt|first=Daniel S.|title=The chronology of American literature: America's literary achievements from the colonial era to modern times|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VQ0fgo5v6e0C|accessdate=7 September 2010|date=13 January 2004|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|isbn=978-0-618-16821-7|page=49}}
7. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.lib.unb.ca/Texts/Theatre/tnb/searchTNBCalendar.cgi?location=Young+Company&search_string=Gyles&start_date=1&end_date=|title=TNB Performance Calendar Search|accessdate=14 September 2010}}