| 词条 | John Holdren |
| 释义 |
|name = John Holdren |image = John Holdren at commercial human spaceflight press conference (201002020002HQ).jpg |title1 = Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy |order1 = 9th |president1 = Barack Obama |term_start1 = March 19, 2009 |term_end1 = January 20, 2017 |predecessor1 = John Marburger |successor1 = Kelvin Droegemeier |title2 = Assistant to the President for Science and Technology |order2 = |term_start2 = January, 2009 |term_end2 = January, 2017 |president2 = Barack Obama |predecessor2 = John Marburger |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1944|3|1}} |birth_place = Sewickley, Pennsylvania, U.S. |death_date = |death_place = |party = Democratic |education = Massachusetts Institute of Technology (BS) Stanford University (MS, PhD) |module = | fields = Physics, Environmental science | workplaces = {{ublist|Harvard University|University of California, Berkeley}} | alma_mater = | thesis_title = Collisionless stability of an inhomogeneous, confined, planar plasma | thesis_url = https://search.proquest.com/docview/302557782/ | thesis_year = 1970 | doctoral_advisor = Oscar Buneman | academic_advisors = | doctoral_students = | notable_students = | known_for = | influences = | influenced = | awards = }}John Paul Holdren (Sewickley, Pennsylvania, March 1, 1944) is an American scientist who served as the senior advisor to President Barack Obama on science and technology issues through his roles as Assistant to the President for Science and Technology, Director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, and Co-Chair of the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST).[1][2][3][4][5][6] Holdren was previously the Teresa and John Heinz Professor of Environmental Policy at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University,[7] director of the Science, Technology, and Public Policy Program at the School's Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, and Director of the Woods Hole Research Center.[8] Early life and educationHoldren was born in Sewickley, Pennsylvania, and grew up in San Mateo, California.[9] He trained in aeronautics, astronautics and plasma physics and earned a bachelor's degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1965 and a Ph.D. from Stanford University in 1970 supervised by Oscar Buneman.[10][11] CareerHoldren taught at Harvard for 13 years and at the University of California, Berkeley for more than two decades.[1] His work has focused on the causes and consequences of global environmental change, population control, energy technologies and policies, ways to reduce the dangers from nuclear weapons and materials, and science and technology policy.[1][8] He has also taken measures to contextualize the United States' current energy challenge, noting the role that nuclear energy could play.[12] Holdren was involved in the famous Simon–Ehrlich wager in 1980. He, along with two other scientists helped Paul R. Ehrlich establish the bet with Julian Simon, in which they bet that the price of five key metals would be higher in 1990. The bet was centered around a disagreement concerning the future scarcity of resources in an increasingly polluted and heavily populated world. Ehrlich and Holdren lost the bet, when the price of metals had decreased by 1990.[13] Holdren was chair of the Executive Committee of the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs from 1987 until 1997 and delivered the Nobel Peace Prize acceptance lecture on behalf of Pugwash Conferences in December 1995. From 1993 until 2003, he was chair of the Committee on International Security and Arms Control of the National Academy of Sciences, and Co-Chairman of the bipartisan National Committee on Energy Policy from 2002 until 2007. Holdren was elected President of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) (2006–2007), and served as board Chairman (2007–2008).[8] He was the founding chair of the advisory board for Innovations, a quarterly journal about entrepreneurial solutions to global challenges published by MIT Press, and has written and lectured extensively on the topic of global warming. Holdren served as one of President Bill Clinton's science advisors (PCAST) from 1994 to 2001.[1] Eight years later, President Barack Obama nominated Holdren for the position of science advisor and Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy in December 2008, and he was confirmed on March 19, 2009, by a unanimous vote in the Senate.[14][15][16][17] He testified to the nomination committee that he does not believe that government should have a role in determining optimal population size[18] and that he never endorsed forced sterilization.[19][20][21] WritingsOverpopulation was an early concern and interest. In a 1969 article, Holdren and co-author Paul R. Ehrlich argued, "if the population control measures are not initiated immediately, and effectively, all the technology man can bring to bear will not fend off the misery to come."[22] In 1973, Holdren encouraged a decline in fertility to well below replacement in the United States, because "210 million now is too many and 280 million in 2040 is likely to be much too many."[23] In 1977, Paul R. Ehrlich, Anne H. Ehrlich, and Holdren co-authored the textbook Population, Resources, Environment. Other early publications include Energy (1971), Human Ecology (1973), Energy in Transition (1980), Earth and the Human Future (1986), Strategic Defenses and the Future of the Arms Race (1987), Building Global Security Through Cooperation (1990), and Conversion of Military R&D (1998).[29] Holdren also authored over 200 articles and papers and has co-authored and co-edited some 20 books and book-length reports including:[24]
Personal lifeHoldren lives in Falmouth, Massachusetts, with his wife, biologist Cheryl E. Holdren (formerly Cheryl Lea Edgar), with whom he has two children and five grandchildren.[9][30] Affiliations and awards
References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |title= Profile: John Holdren: Why He Matters |url=http://whorunsgov.com/Profiles/John_Holdren |publisher=WhoRunsGov.com, A Washington Post Co Pub. |accessdate=July 24, 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090720075807/http://www.whorunsgov.com/Profiles/John_Holdren |archivedate=July 20, 2009 |deadurl=yes }} 2. ^1 {{Cite journal | last1 = Holdren | first1 = J. P. | title = Science in the White House | doi = 10.1126/science.1174783 | journal = Science | volume = 324 | issue = 5927 | pages = 567 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19407163 | pmc = }} 3. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Mervis | first1 = J. | title = NEWSMAKER INTERVIEW: John Holdren Brings More Than Energy to His Role as Science Adviser | doi = 10.1126/science.324.5925.324 | journal = Science | volume = 324 | issue = 5925 | pages = 324–325 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19372403 | pmc = | bibcode = 2009Sci...324..324M }} 4. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Mervis | first1 = J. | title = OBAMA ADMINISTRATION: No News is Good News for Holdren, Lubchenco at Confirmation Hearing | doi = 10.1126/science.323.5917.995 | journal = Science | volume = 323 | issue = 5917 | pages = 995 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19229004 | pmc = }} 5. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Tollefson | first1 = J. | title = John Holdren: Adviser on science, fish and wine | doi = 10.1038/457942b | journal = Nature | volume = 457 | issue = 7232 | pages = 942–943 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19225485 | pmc = }} 6. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Kintisch | first1 = E. | last2 = Mervis | first2 = J. | doi = 10.1126/science.323.5910.22 | title = THE TRANSITION: Holdren Named Science Adviser, Varmus, Lander to Co-Chair PCAST | journal = Science | volume = 323 | issue = 5910 | pages = 22–23 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19119188 | pmc = }} 7. ^{{Scopus|id=7004010723}} 8. ^1 2 News release. "Obama to Name John P. Holdren as Science Adviser" AAAS, December 18, 2008. 9. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/18738/harvard_kennedy_schools_john_p_holdren_named_obamas_science_advisor.html?breadcrumb=%252Ftopic%252F64%252Fscience_and_technology%253Fpage%253D4|title=Harvard Kennedy School's John P. Holdren Named Obama's Science Advisor|last=Wilke|first=Sharon|author2=Sasha Talcott|date=20 December 2008|work=Press release|publisher=Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs|accessdate=2009-10-20}} 10. ^{{cite thesis |degree=PhD |first=John Paul |last=Holdren |title=Collisionless Stability of an Inhomogeneous, Confied, Planar Plasma |publisher=Stanford University |date=1970 |url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/302557782 |via=ProQuest |subscription=yes |oclc=25848776}} 11. ^{{MathGenealogy|id=166241}} 12. ^{{cite web |first=Amy |last=Marcott |title=Science Advisor John Holdren '65, SM '66 Contextualizes Energy Challenge |url=http://alum.mit.edu/pages/sliceofmit/2010/10/26/science-advisor-john-holdren-%e2%80%9965-sm-%e2%80%9966-contextualizes-energy-challenge/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201095534/http://alum.mit.edu/pages/sliceofmit/2010/10/26/johnholdren/ |archive-date=February 1, 2014 |work=Slice of MIT |date=October 26, 2010 |accessdate=February 18, 2018}} 13. ^{{cite book |title=Future Babble: Why Expert Predictions Fail – and Why We Believe Them Anyway |last=Gardner |first=Dan |publisher=McClelland and Stewart |year=2010 |location=Toronto |page=232}} 14. ^Staff and news service reports. "Obama's science adviser starts job", "msnbc.com", March 20, 2009. 15. ^Library of Congress , Nomination PN65-07-111, confirmed by Senate voice vote. 16. ^Nominations considered and confirmed en bloc{{dead link|date=April 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Congressional Record, March 19, 2009 S3577-S3578. 17. ^Koenig, Robert. "President Barack Obama's Director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy Faces Limited Criticism at Confirmation Hearings", Seed Magazine, February 13, 2009. 18. ^Video. Senate Confirmation Hearing, February 12, 2009. 19. ^Pratt, Andrew Plemmons "Right-wing Attacks on Science Adviser Continue", Science Progress, July 21, 2009 20. ^Mooney, Chris."Hold off on Holdren (again)", "Science Progress", July 2009. 21. ^Goldberg, Michelle. "Holdren's Controversial Population Control Past", The American Prospect, July 21, 2009, accessed July 30, 2009. 22. ^Paul R. Erlich and John P. Holdren. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1294858 "Population and Panaceas A Technological Perspective"], Bioscience, Vol 19, pages 1065-1071, 1969. 23. ^{{Cite journal | url = https://books.google.com/?id=7jjp9bv0qNYC&dq=no+growth+society&printsec=frontcover#PPA31,M1 | journal = Daedalus, the No-Growth Society | year = 1973 | title = Population and the American Predicament: The Case Against Complacency | first = John P. | isbn = 978-0-7130-0136-5 | last = Holdren | pages = 31–44}} 24. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.whrc.org/about_us/whos_who/CV/jholdren.htm |title=John P. Holdren's CV |publisher=The Woods Hole Research Center |accessdate=July 5, 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100417200634/http://www.whrc.org/about_us/whos_who/cv/jholdren.htm |archivedate=April 17, 2010 |deadurl=yes }} 25. ^Holdren, John P."The Future of Climate Change Policy: The U.S.'s Last Chance to Lead", Scientific American 26. ^Holdren, John P. "Convincing the Climate Change Skeptics", the Boston Globe, August 4, 2008. 27. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hks.harvard.edu/about/faculty-staff-directory/john-holdren|title=Faculty page-Harvard University}} 28. ^Holdren, John P."Global Climatic Disruption: Risks and Opportunities", Presentation at Investor Summit on Climate Risk, New York, February 14, 2008. 29. ^Holdren, John P. "Meeting the Climate-Change Challenge." {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114121458/http://www.ncseonline.org/Conference/Chafee08final.pdf |date=2009-01-14 }}, The John H. Chafee Memorial Lecture, National Council for Science and the Environment, Washington, D.C., January 17, 2008. 30. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/projects/44th_president/new_team/show/john-holdren|title=The New Team - Politics - The New York Times|website=www.nytimes.com|access-date=2019-01-08}} 31. ^{{cite web|title=Fellows List: H|url=http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142763/k.9419/Fellows_List__H.htm|work=MacArthur Foundation|accessdate=June 3, 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609123255/http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142763/k.9419/Fellows_List__H.htm|archivedate=June 9, 2011|df=}} 32. ^{{cite web|title=Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter H|url=http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterH.pdf|publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences|accessdate=June 3, 2011}} 33. ^{{cite web|title=Holdren, John P.|url=http://www.nasonline.org/site/Dir/2077105229?pg=vprof&mbr=1003343|work=United States National Academy of Sciences|accessdate=June 3, 2011}} 34. ^{{cite web|title=Dr. John P. Holdren|url=http://www.nae.edu/MembersSection/Directory20412/29195.aspx|work=National Academy of Engineering|accessdate=June 3, 2011}} 35. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.heinzawards.net/recipients/john-holdren|title=The Heinz Awards :: John Holdren|website=www.heinzawards.net}} External links{{Commons category|John Holdren}}
21 : 1944 births|American earth scientists|American environmentalists|21st-century American physicists|Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences|Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science|Foreign Members of the Royal Society|John F. Kennedy School of Government faculty|Living people|MacArthur Fellows|Massachusetts Democrats|Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni|Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering|Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences|Obama administration personnel|Office of Science and Technology Policy officials|People from Sewickley, Pennsylvania|Stanford University alumni|Sustainability advocates|Technology in society|University of California, Berkeley faculty |
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