| 词条 | John Jennings (Royal Navy officer) |
| 释义 |
|name=Sir John Jennings |birth_date=1664 |death_date= 23 December 1743 |image= Admiral John Jennings (1664-17430), by Godfrey Kneller.jpg |caption=Admiral John Jennings (Godfrey Kneller, 1708-1709) |birth_place = |death_place =Greenwich, London, Great Britain |nickname= |residence = |allegiance={{flagcountry|Kingdom of Great Britain}} |serviceyears=1687–1743 |rank=Admiral |branch= {{navy|Kingdom of Great Britain}} |commands=HMS St Paul HMS Experiment HMS Victory HMS Mary HMS Chichester HMS Plymouth HMS Kent HMS St George Mediterranean Fleet Greenwich Hospital |unit= |battles=War of Spanish Succession |awards= |relations= }} Sir John Jennings (1664 – 23 December 1743) was a Royal Navy officer. He commanded HMS Kent at Cadiz and Vigo in 1702 during the War of the Spanish Succession. He went on to be Commander-in-Chief of the Jamaica Station, then Senior Naval Lord and finally Governor of Greenwich Hospital. He also served as a Member of Parliament. Naval careerBorn the son of Philip Jennings of Duddleston Hall, Jennings was descended from a Shropshire family which had suffered for its adherence to the Royalist cause during the English Civil War. He was appointed a lieutenant on HMS Pearl in 1687, and served with the same rank in HMS St David and HMS Swallow, before being promoted to the command of the St Paul, a fireship.[1] In 1690 he was made captain of the newly launched HMS Experiment, of 32 guns, and employed in cruising off the coast of Ireland, where he intercepted a number of small vessels which were being used as transports by James II's forces.[2] In 1693, Jennings was nominated captain of the Victory, flagship of Sir John Ashby; later the same year he was transferred to the 62-gun HMS Mary, in which he went to the Mediterranean with Admiral Russell.[2] In 1696, he was removed to the Chichester, of 80 guns; and, in the following year, was entrusted with the command of the Plymouth, with which he captured a St Malo privateer.[1] Shortly afterwards, together with the frigate HMS Rye, he fell in with three French ships: one quickly surrendered, and Jennings, leaving the Rye to look after their prize, pursued the other two and succeeded in compelling one to strike her flag after a vigorous defence. Having conducted their prizes to port, the Rye and the Plymouth fell in with the Severn, a British man-of-war, and the three ships steered together for the coast of France, where they took five vessels laden with wine from Bordeaux, and a small ship of war.[3] On the outbreak of the War of the Spanish Succession, Jennings commanded HMS Kent (of 70 guns) under Admiral Rooke at Cadiz and Vigo in 1702, where he played a part in the destruction of the Franco-Spanish fleet. He took part in the capture of Gibraltar, and was captain of the 96-gun HMS St George at the Battle of Málaga in 1704. He was knighted for his exploits by Queen Anne on 9 September 1704, and having been promoted to rear admiral in 1705, became Commander-in-Chief of the Jamaica Station in 1706.[4] He was promoted to vice admiral in 1708 and admiral in 1709. His attack on Tenerife in 1706 was unsuccessful. He commanded the fleet off Lisbon from 1708 to 1710, and was later Commander-in-Chief of the Mediterranean Fleet.[1] Jennings entered Parliament in 1705 and was regarded as a useful member of the House of Commons, in which he represented Queenborough, Portsmouth and Rochester - all boroughs with strong naval connections where his selection as an MP might be taken as a mark of the esteem in which his service record was held, but equally as an indication of the influence he could potentially wield on their behalf as a senior serving officer and later as a naval administrator. He joined the Board of Admiralty under the Whig government in October 1714[5] but stood down when the Government fell in April 1717.[5] He returned to the Admiralty Board under the Second Stanhope–Sunderland ministry in March 1718[5] and was advanced to Senior Naval Lord in September 1721.[6] After acquiring Newsells Bury at Barkway in Hertfordshire for his retirement,[2][7] he resigned from the Admiralty Board in June 1727 because his increasing deafness was preventing him from adequately fulfilling the duties. He was also appointed governor of Greenwich Hospital and Ranger of Greenwich Park from 1720, and presented the marble statue of George II by Rysbrack which stands in the Grand Square of the Hospital.[1] Jennings died at Greenwich on 23 December 1743 at the age of 79, and was buried in Westminster Abbey.[8] FamilyJennings married Alice Breton; they had one son, George, who duly inherited Newsells.[2] References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/14760?docPos=1|title=John Jennings|publisher=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|accessdate=17 October 2015}} 2. ^1 2 3 {{cite DNB|wstitle=Jennings, John|first=John Knox |last=Laughton |volume=29}} 3. ^Campbell, p. 228 4. ^Cundall, p. xx 5. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Sainty, JC, Lord High Admiral and Commissioners of the Admiralty 1660-1870, Office-Holders in Modern Britain: Volume 4: Admiralty Officials 1660-1870 (1975), pp. 18-31.|url=http://british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=16652| accessdate =4 September 2009}} 6. ^Rodger, p. 51-52 7. ^Prince, p. 101 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.westminster-abbey.org/our-history/people/sir-john-jennings|title=Sir John Jennings|publisher=Westminster Abbey|accessdate=4 August 2017}} Sources
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| title = Member of Parliament for Queenborough | with = Thomas King | years = 1705–1707 | before = Thomas King Robert Crawford | after = Parliament of Great Britain }}{{s-par|gb}}{{succession box | title = Member of Parliament for Queenborough | with = Thomas King 1707–1708 | with2 = Henry Withers 1708–1710 | years = 1707–1710 | before = Parliament of England | after = Thomas King James Herbert }}{{succession box | title = Member of Parliament for Portsmouth | with = Rear-Admiral Sir Charles Wager | years = 1710–1711 | before = Admiral George Churchill Rear-Admiral Sir Charles Wager | after = Admiral Sir James Wishart Sir William Gifford }}{{succession box | title = Member of Parliament for Rochester | with = Sir Thomas Palmer 1715–1724 | with2 = Sir Thomas Colby 1724–1727 | with3 = David Polhill 1727–1734 | years = 1715–1734 | before = Admiral Sir John Leake William Cage | after = David Polhill Admiral Nicholas Haddock }} |-{{s-mil}}{{s-bef | before=William Kerr}}{{s-ttl | title=Commander-in-Chief, Jamaica Station| years=1706}}{{s-aft | after=Charles Wager}} |-{{succession box|title=Senior Naval Lord|before=Sir George Byng|after=Sir John Norris|years=1721–1727}} |-{{s-bef|before=Lord Aylmer}}{{s-ttl|title=Governor, Greenwich Hospital|years=1720–1743}}{{s-aft|after=Sir John Balchen}} |-{{s-hon}}{{succession box | title=Rear-Admiral of Great Britain | before=Viscount Torrington | years=1733–1743 | after=Thomas Mathews}}{{s-end}}{{Authority control}}{{First Sea Lord}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Jennings, John}} 15 : 1664 births|1743 deaths|Lords of the Admiralty|Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies|Burials at Westminster Abbey|British naval commanders in the War of the Spanish Succession|Royal Navy admirals|British MPs 1707–08|British MPs 1708–10|British MPs 1710–13|British MPs 1715–22|British MPs 1722–27|British MPs 1727–34|17th-century Royal Navy personnel|English MPs 1705–1707 |
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