| 词条 | John McArthur Jr. | |||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
John McArthur Jr. (1823–1890) was a prominent American architect based in Philadelphia. Best remembered as the architect of the landmark Philadelphia City Hall, McArthur also designed some of the city's most ambitious buildings of the Civil War era. Few of his buildings survive. CareerJohn McArthur Jr. was born in Bladenock, Scotland, on 13 May 1823,[1] and came to the United States with his family when he was ten years old. Much of his mature style was characterized by Italianate and Second Empire forms and several of his best-known buildings feature mansard roofs, which he helped to introduce and popularize in the United States. During the American Civil War, McArthur planned 24 temporary war hospitals, including Fort Delaware's 600-bed hospital on Pea Patch Island.[2] Philadelphia has looked up to McArthur’s architecture for more than a century. The 250-foot-tall tower-and-spire of his Tenth Presbyterian Church (1854) was the tallest structure in the city when built. (Its 150-foot wooden spire was removed in 1912.) Later, this was surpassed by the tower of City Hall (1874–1901), whose 548 feet (167 meters) made it the tallest occupied building in the world when completed. Until the late 20th century, an unwritten agreement among Philadelphia architects kept all buildings shorter than the top of the statue of William Penn atop McArthur’s tower.{{citation needed|date=October 2013}} A Presbyterian and a member of Tenth Church, McArthur was married to Matilda Prevost; they had two sons and two daughters. McArthur died in Philadelphia on January 8, 1890. Architectural workThis is a partial list. Philadelphia buildings
Demolished Philadelphia buildings
Buildings elsewhere
GalleryDescendantsA descendant, David Paul McArthur, works as an architect out of the Fishtown section of Philadelphia.{{citation needed|date=January 2014}} References1. ^{{cite journal |title= |jstor=988539}} {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:McArthur, John Jr.}}2. ^The Annual Report of the Library Company of Philadelphia, by Library Company of Philadelphia, page 52 3. ^Our History & Architecture | Tenth Presbyterian Church 4. ^Untitled Document 5. ^Congregation Mikveh Israel 6. ^{{cite web|title=Woodlands Cemetery. Main Entrance|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/9507/|work=The Library Company of Philadelphia|publisher=World Digital Library|accessdate=3 January 2014}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.vahistorical.org/lva/firstpres.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2008-10-05 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014094333/http://www.vahistorical.org/lva/firstpres.htm |archivedate=2007-10-14 |df= }} 8. ^Message from the President of the United States to the Two Houses of Congress, Millard Fillmore, 1853, p 738 9. ^Mare Island is a National Register historic district #75002103, and also a National Historic Landmark. 10. ^Danville State Hospital 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://ww2.lafayette.edu/~library/special/survey/pardee.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2008-10-05 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090223145901/http://ww2.lafayette.edu/~library/special/survey/pardee.html |archivedate=2009-02-23 |df= }} 12. ^Source: The Architect’s and Builders Pocket-Book, by Frank Eugene Kidder, 1908, page 1546 13. ^Warren State Hospital * Asylum Architecture, History, Preservation * Kirkbride Buildings 6 : 1823 births|1890 deaths|Architects from Philadelphia|People from Badenoch and Strathspey|British emigrants to the United States|19th-century American architects |
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