| 词条 | John Ochsendorf |
| 释义 |
|name = John Ochsendorf |image = |caption = |birth_date = 1974 |birth_place = Columbus, Ohio |death_date = |death_place = |nationality = United States |education = Cornell University (BSc 1996); Princeton University (MSc 1998); University of Cambridge (PhD 2002)[1] |occupation = Structural engineer, architectural historian, professor |known_for = Studies of ancient architecture |spouse = Anne Carney[2] |website = John Ochsendorf at the MIT School of Architecture and Planning }}John Ochsendorf (born 1974) is an educator, structural engineer, and historian of construction; he is a professor in the Department of Architecture and the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.[1] He is widely known for becoming a MacArthur Fellow in 2008[1] He has served as the Director of the American Academy in Rome since July 2017.[2] Early years and educationOchsendorf grew up in Elkins, West Virginia;[2][7] he was educated at Elkins High School, Cornell University,[3] Princeton University, and the University of Cambridge.[4] His university degrees are in structural engineering and he minored in archaeology at Cornell. He also studied in Spain as a predoctoral scholar under the Fulbright Program in 2000-2001.[5][6] Career{{expand section|date=October 2011}}Ochsendorf joined the MIT faculty in 2002, and holds a joint appointment in the MIT Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (CEE) and the Department of Architecture.[7] He teaches both undergraduate and graduate courses, and serves on a number of faculty committees.[7] Ochsendorf is known for using architecture and engineering to study and restore ancient structures and sometimes draws upon ancient building methods for the benefit of modern construction. He has studied Incan simple suspension bridges[3] and the earthquake-worthiness of Gothic cathedrals.[8] Ochsendorf also curated an exhibition Palaces for the People, featuring the history and legacy of Guastavino tile construction, which premiered in September 2012 at the Boston Public Library, Rafael Guastavino's first major architectural work in America. The exhibition then traveled to the National Building Museum in Washington DC, and an expanded version appeared at the Museum of the City of New York. Ochsendorf, a winner of the Macarthur Foundation "genius grant", also wrote the book-length color-illustrated monograph Guastavino vaulting : the art of structural tile,[9] and an online exhibition coordinated with the traveling exhibits.[10] In addition, Ochsendorf directs the Guastavino Project at MIT, which researches and maintains the Guastavino.net online archive of related materials.[11] Collier MemorialOn April 29, 2015, MIT held special ceremonies dedicating a memorial to MIT Police officer Sean Collier, who had been killed by Tamerlan and Dzhokhar Tsarnaev two years earlier.[12] Ochsendorf and his students were deeply involved with the structural engineering of the design, which was led by J. Meejin Yoon, the head of the MIT Department of Architecture.[13] The memorial consists of 32 massive granite blocks precision-shaped under computer numerical control, and fitted together into a shallow open domed arch with 5 radial support wings splayed out like fingers of an open hand.[14][15] The design was carefully evaluated in computer simulation for resistance to a major earthquake before being approved. Compressive forces on each block were calculated to be in the range of {{convert|20,000|to|50,000|lb|kg}}.[14][15] Each joint between the stone blocks was shaped to be perpendicular to the forces transmitted through the joint, visually expressing the invisible forces that hold the structure up.[14][15] The underground foundation, an essential part of the structure, is made of reinforced concrete to resist the spreading forces produced by the shallow arch it supports. The weight of the structure is supported by mini-piles driven to a depth of {{convert|30|-|40|ft}}.[15] The polished, tapered stone blocks, carved to a precision of {{convert|0.5|mm|in}}, were installed with the assistance of Ochsendorf and his team. The scaffolding was carefully removed over the span of 8 hours, while the descent of the central {{convert|12,000|lb|kg|adj=on}} keystone was carefully monitored. Predicted to settle {{convert|5|to|15|mm|in}}, the stone was actually measured as descending {{convert|6|mm|in}}.[15] At the dedication ceremony, MIT President Rafael Reif observed that the memorial represented the community coming together after tragedy: "We are held together by invisible forces too".[15] Personal lifeFrom 2010-2017, Ochsendorf and his wife Anne Carney served as housemasters of the MIT graduate student dormitory called "The Warehouse".[7] He is an enthusiastic soccer player, and enjoys hiking, cycling, and camping. He has lived in Australia, England, Spain, and Italy, and enjoys travel.[7] Awards
Published works
References1. ^1 {{cite web| title= MacArthur Foundation awards 2008 'genius grants' | url= https://www.usatoday.com/tech/science/2008-09-23-macarthur-genius-grants_N.htm | date= September 23, 2008 | first= Caryn |last=Rousseau | work=Associated Press | publisher= USA Today | accessdate=2011-10-21}} 2. ^{{cite web| title= American Academy in Rome appoints John Ochsendorf as Director | url= http://www.aarome.org/sites/default/files/pr_en/ochsendorf_release_approved_final_eng.pdf | date= January 23, 2017 | accessdate=2017-01-23}} 3. ^1 {{cite web| url = http://www.news.cornell.edu/chronicle/96/5.23.96/awards.html | title= Students and faculty honored for their achievements | date= May 23, 1996 | publisher= Cornell Chronicle | accessdate=2011-10-21| quote=Students who won $1,000 first prizes in the National Student Paper Competition for the 1996 International Bridge Conference were Barbara J. Jaeger for 'Evaluation of a Post-Tensioned Bridge Using the Impact-Echo Method' and John Ochsendorf for 'An Engineering Study of the Last Inca Suspension Bridge.'}} 4. ^1 2 {{Cite web | title = John A. Ochsendorf | publisher = Massachusetts Institute of Technology | url = http://cee.mit.edu/ochsendorf | accessdate = 11 April 2011}} 5. ^{{Cite web | title = John Ochsendorf - MacArthur Foundation | publisher = Fulbright Program | url = http://fulbright.state.gov/participating-countries/europe-and-eurasia/spain/ochsendorf.html | accessdate = 11 April 2011}} 6. ^{{Cite web | title = A 2008 MacArthur Fellowship for John Ochsendorf, FAAR’08 in Historic Preservation and Conservation | publisher = | url = http://sofaarome.wordpress.com/2008/09/23/a-2008-macarthur-fellowship-for-john-ochsendorf-faar08-in-historic-preservation-and-conservation/ | accessdate = 11 April 2011}} 7. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|title=Warehouse Housemasters|url=http://wh.mit.edu/web/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=63&Itemid=91|website=The Warehouse: Graduate Residence at MIT|publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology|accessdate=2015-07-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709215641/http://wh.mit.edu/web/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=63&Itemid=91|archive-date=9 July 2015|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 8. ^1 {{Cite web | title = Inspiring West Virginian: John Ochsendorf | publisher = West Virginia Public Broadcasting | url = http://www.wvpubcast.org/newsarticle.aspx?id=20647 | accessdate = 2011-07-13}} 9. ^{{cite book|last1=Ochsendorf|first1=John|last2=Freeman|first2=Michael (photographs)|title=Guastavino vaulting : the art of structural tile|date=2010|publisher=Princeton Architectural Press|location=New York|isbn=978-1568987415}} 10. ^{{cite web|title=(Homepage)|url=http://palacesforthepeople.com|website=Palaces for the People: Guastavino and America's Great Public Spaces|accessdate=2014-06-10}} 11. ^{{cite web|last1=Ochsendorf|first1=John|title=(Homepage)|url=http://www.guastavino.net|website=Guastavino.net|publisher=John Ochsendorf|accessdate=2014-06-10}} 12. ^{{cite news|last1=Annear|first1=Steve|title=MIT dedicates monument to Sean Collier|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/04/29/mit-dedicate-monument-sean-collier-wednesday/E8aVcQXkrht6KO8D85VPFL/story.html|accessdate=2015-07-08|work=Boston Globe|date=April 29, 2015}} 13. ^{{cite web|last1=Yoon|first1=J. Meejin|title=Project: Sean Collier Memorial|url=https://architecture.mit.edu/project/sean-collier-memorial|website=MIT Architecture|publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology|accessdate=2015-07-08}} 14. ^1 2 {{cite news|last1=Dizikes|first1=Peter|title=New memorial a labor of love: Architects and engineers detail their novel design for MIT's Collier Memorial|url=http://newsoffice.mit.edu/2015/sean-collier-memorial-design-0428|accessdate=2015-07-08|work=MIT News|publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology|date=April 28, 2015}} 15. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|last1=Humphries|first1=Courtney|title=The Making of MIT's Collier Memorial|url=http://www.architectmagazine.com/design/buildings/the-making-of-mits-collier-memorial_o|website=Architect: the journal of the American Institute of Architects|publisher=Hanley Wood Media|accessdate=2015-07-08|date=May 22, 2015}} 16. ^Design Futures Council Senior Fellows http://www.di.net/about/senior_fellows/{{dead link|date=April 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} External links{{Portal|Biography}}
15 : 1974 births|Alumni of the University of Cambridge|American architectural historians|American male non-fiction writers|Cornell University alumni|Educators from West Virginia|Fulbright Scholars|Living people|MacArthur Fellows|Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty|People from Elkins, West Virginia|Princeton University alumni|Structural engineers|Engineers from West Virginia|Rome Prize winners |
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