| 词条 | John Polwhele Blatchley | ||||||||||
| 释义 |
| image = RollsRoyceSilverCloud1 1959.jpg | caption = Blatchley's best known design, the Rolls-Royce Silver Cloud |birth_name = John Polwhele Blatchley | birth_date = 1 July 1913 | birth_place = Hendon, London, England | death_date = 16 February 2008 (aged 94) | death_place = Hastings, Sussex | education = | occupation = Car designer (Rolls-Royce) | spouse = Willow D. J. Sands | domestic_partner = | children = | nationality = British | credits = }} John Polwhele Blatchley (1 July 1913 – 16 February 2008) was a London-born car designer known for his work with J Gurney Nutting & Co Limited and Rolls-Royce Limited. He began his career as designer with Nutting in 1935, moving up to Chief Designer before leaving in 1940 to join Rolls-Royce. There he served as a draughtsman (1940–43), stylist in the car division (1943–55), and chief styling engineer (1955–69). Early lifeBlatchley was born in Hendon.[1] At twelve years of age he was diagnosed with rheumatic fever and spent the next three years bedridden. During this time he sketched designs for cars and built models of them.{{Sfn|Chapman|2008}} Blatchley failed his entrance examinations to Cambridge University;{{Sfn|Bennett|2009|p=162}} his parents sent him to the Chelsea School of Engineering and then to the Regent Street Polytechnic.{{Sfn|Chapman|2008}}{{Sfn|Bennett|2009|p=162}}[2] CareerGurney NuttingWhile still a student, Blatchley's ability was recognized by A. F. McNeil of J Gurney Nutting & Co Limited.{{Sfn|Bennett|2009|p=162}} McNeil became Blatchley's teacher, mentor, and friend for many years.{{Sfn|Bennett|2009|p=162}} Gurney Nutting hired Blatchley upon his graduation in 1935.{{Sfn|Chapman|2008}} Blatchley started at Gurney Nutting by preparing concept drawings for customer approval.{{Sfn|Bennett|2009|p=162}} In 1936,{{Sfn|Craig|2005}} at the age of twenty-three, he replaced McNeil as Chief Designer when McNeil left Gurney Nutting for James Young & Co.{{Sfn|Bennett|2009|p=162}} Rolls-RoyceUnable to fight during World War II due to a heart murmur,{{Sfn|Chapman|2008}} Blatchley was moved to Rolls-Royce Aero Design headquarters in Hucknall, Nottinghamshire, where he was responsible for the cowling for Merlin engines used in Hurricane and Spitfire fighter aircraft.{{Sfn|Craig|2005}} He described the work as "intensely boring".{{Sfn|Chapman|2008}} Towards the end of the war, Rolls-Royce's Car Division had prepared a postwar car which was to have its own factory-supplied bodywork, all-steel so it could be exported all over the world. Blatchley, who had moved to the Design office in their Experimental Department in Belper, Derbyshire, refined the new body's design externally and designed the passenger compartment.{{Sfn|Bennett|2009|p=162}} This design first appeared in 1946 as the Bentley Mark VI.{{Sfn|Craig|2005}} It appeared in 1949 as the first Rolls-Royce with a standard steel body, the Silver Dawn. Enlarged with an extended boot and wings, the Bentley R Type followed in 1952, the updated rear end appearing on the Rolls-Royce Silver Dawn at the same time. These postwar cars finally took the top-people's-carriage trade away from Daimler.{{Citation needed|date=October 2014}} Work began on the Corniche II (Bentley Continental) project in 1950. After his retirement, Blatchley disclaimed any involvement in the final design though he admitted to having worked on some initial suggestions. He said it was Ivan Evernden's concept inspired by the 1938 Embiricos Bentley. Ivan worked with Stanley Watts and George Moseley of H. J. Mulliner & Co. on the final details.{{Sfn|Bennett|2009|p=162}} In September 1951 the Styling Office was officially formed as a separate department from the Experimental Department.{{Sfn|Bennett|2009|p=13}} Blatchley was appointed Chief Styling Engineer{{Sfn|Bennett|2009|p=162}}{{Sfn|Craig|2005}} and moved to the Styling Department's offices at the Crewe works.{{Sfn|Bennett|2009|p=13}}[3] In 1952 the responsibility for external styling of Park Ward coachwork was transferred to Crewe.{{Sfn|Bennett|2009|p=162}} Development of new models continued but the designs presented to the board meeting which would decide on the new model to be introduced in 1955 were rejected as being too modern.{{Sfn|Chapman|2008}} In the space of a week Blatchley produced a complete new concept to the board's requirements and it was immediately accepted.{{Citation needed|date=October 2014}} This became the Silver Cloud and S Type,{{Sfn|Chapman|2008}} Rolls-Royce's last standard models based on a separate chassis. The last standard model car he was associated with was the unitary construction Silver Shadow and Bentley T Type.{{Sfn|Bennett|2009|p=164}} As Chief Stylist of Park Ward he designed what proved to be a short run of half a dozen of their bodies on the Bentley Continental chassis. He is also credited with the design of the Rolls-Royce Corniche announced after his retirement by Mulliner Park Ward in 1971. As at 2009, one of these Corniches remained in use as the Imperial Processional Car of the Emperor of Japan.{{Citation needed|date=October 2014}} Blatchley and his team developed the shape of the following designs, the two brands being virtually identical over the span:
Of Blatchley's leadership qualities, his deputy Bill Allen recalls "I had only five bosses during my career of 49 years and John was the best. He had that quality of leadership which tends to defy analysis; once I saw this described as 'the art that conceals the art'. Whatever problems he had with those superior in rank to him were never allowed to disturb the even temperament and quiet confidence with which he dealt with us".{{Sfn|Bennett|2009|p=164}} Inevitable changes in management style frustrated Blatchley and he missed his former freedom of action. Blatchley retired on 21 March 1969 at the age of 55, being succeeded by Fritz Feller an Austrian-born engineer.{{Sfn|Bennett|2009|p=164}} In 1970, he moved to Hastings, East Sussex, where he remained in retirement for almost 40 years.{{Sfn|Chapman|2008}} Before BMW put their Rolls-Royce Phantom into production, they asked Blatchley for his opinion on the car. He approved. "BMW showed me their possible designs; there was literally only one I thought was any good, and it's the one they've built. I think they've done a marvellous job."{{Sfn|Chapman|2008}} Personal lifeBlatchley married Willow Sands in 1939.{{Sfn|Chapman|2008}}[4] The couple had two sons.{{Sfn|Chapman|2008}} Blatchley died in Hastings, East Sussex, on 16 February 2008.{{Sfn|Chapman|2008}} GalleryNotes1. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.freebmd.org.uk/cgi/information.pl?cite=23LTS5ZYpihHpD6t7%2F%2Bdsw&scan=1|title=Index entry (birth)|accessdate=12 May 2014|work=FreeBMD|publisher=ONS}} }}2. ^probably the School of Coachbuilding near Selfridges 3. ^Work on the Corniche II remained with the Experimental Department at Belper, ending Blatchley's involvement with the project.{{harv|Bennett|2009|p=13}} 4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.freebmd.org.uk/cgi/information.pl?cite=OG%2BwO12ZbFgLurcZHgwKVg&scan=1|title=Index entry (marriage)|accessdate=12 May 2014|work=FreeBMD|publisher=ONS}} }} References
4 : British automobile designers|Rolls-Royce people|2004 deaths|1913 births |
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