词条 | Karnaphuli |
释义 |
| name = Karnaphuli River | name_other = | etymology = | image = File:Karnafully River to Bay of Bengal (16471666352).jpg | image_size = 220px | image_caption = Aerial view of the Karnaphuli River estuary | subdivision_type1 = Countries | subdivision_name1 = India, Bangladesh | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Cities | subdivision_name3 = Chittagong | source1_location = Saitah, Mizoram, India | mouth_location = Bay of Bengal | progression = | length = {{convert|270|km|mi}} | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = | river_system = | basin_size = | discharge1_avg = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | custom_label = | custom_data = }} Karnaphuli ({{lang-bn|কর্ণফুলি}} Kôrnophuli; also spelt Karnafuli[1]), or Khawthlangtuipui (in Mizo, meaning "western river"), is the largest and most important river in Chittagong and the Chittagong Hill Tracts. It is a {{convert|667|m|ft|adj=on}} wide river in the south-eastern part of Bangladesh. Originating from the Saitah village of Mamit district in Mizoram, India, it flows {{convert|270|km|mi}} southwest through Chittagong Hill Tracts and Chittagong into the Bay of Bengal. It is said to "represent the drainage system of the whole south-western part of Mizoram."[2] Principal tributaries include the Kawrpui River or Thega River, Tuichawng River and Phairuang River. A large hydroelectric power plant using Karnaphuli river was built in the Kaptai region during the 1960s. The mouth of the river hosts Chittagong's sea port, the main port of Bangladesh. Chittagong CityChittagong is situated on the banks of the Karnaphuli River between the Chittagong Hill Tracts and the Bay of Bengal. The city is a noteworthy seaside seaport city and monetary focus in southeastern Bangladesh. The Chittagong Metropolitan Area has a populace of more than 6.5 million,[3] making it the second biggest city in Bangladesh. It is the capital of an eponymous locale and division. A water treatment plant has been set up by Chittagong Port Authority to source water from the Karnaphuli river for its uses. The plant will make the port self-reliant in its water needs.[4] TransportationThe Government has awarded a contract to build a two lane Karnaphuli tunnel underneath the Karnaphuli river to China Communication Construction Company (CCCC). This will be the first underwater tunnel in Bangladesh. CCCC will receive $706 million for its services with total costs expected to be over $1 billion.[5] Aquatic lifeThe river is home to Ganges river dolphin, which is an endangered species.[6] Hilsa used to be common in the river, but have nearly disappeared from the river due to pollution.[7] Kaptai damThe Kaptai Dam is the location of the Karnafuli Hydroelectric Power Station, constructed in Kaptai in 1962 and the only hydro-electric power plant in the country. An earth-filled dam on the Karnaphuli River, the Kaptai Dam created the Kaptai Lake, which acts as the water reservoir for the hydropower station. The power plant produces a total of 230 megawatts of electricity. When then east Pakistan built the dam, Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru didn't object even though it resulted in part of Indian side getting submerged and inflow of more than 40000 refugees.[8] PollutionLike many rivers in Bangladesh, Karnaphuli is heavily polluted by agricultural runoff. Reducing the amount of oxygen available and harming aquatic life in the river.[9] In 2015, a train carrying oil crashed over a tributary of the river. The spill caused environmental degradation.[10] GallerySee also
References1. ^{{citation |author=Mesbah-us-Saleheen and Sifatul Quader Chowdhury|chapter=Karnafuli River|chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Karnafuli_River |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |editor=Sirajul Islam and Ahmed A. Jamal |publisher=Asiatic Society of Bangladesh |year=2012 |edition=Second}} {{Commons category|Karnaphuli River}}{{Rivers in and around Bengal}}{{Hydrography of North-east India}}{{Hydrography of Mizoram}}{{coord|22|13|N|91|48|E|display=title|region:BD_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}}2. ^{{cite book|last=Pachuau|first=Rintluanga|title=Mizoram: A Study in Comprehensive Geography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MYaYKXgAwLwC&pg=PA40|accessdate=8 August 2012|date=1 January 2009|publisher=Northern Book Centre|isbn=978-81-7211-264-6|page=40}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.chittagongchamber.com/elc.php|title=Economics Landscape of Chittagong|author=E-Vision Software Limited|work=chittagongchamber.com}} 4. ^{{cite web|last1=Chowdhury|first1=Sarwar A|title=Chittagong port sets up water treatment plant|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/chittagong-port-sets-up-water-treatment-plant-63709|website=thedailystar.net|publisher=The Daily Star|accessdate=16 July 2015}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=Cabinet okays Karnaphuli river tunnel project|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/business/cabinet-okays-karnaphuli-river-tunnel-project-102481|website=thedailystar.net|publisher=The Daily Star|accessdate=16 July 2015}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Ganges River dolphin OVERVIEW|url=http://www.worldwildlife.org/species/ganges-river-dolphin|website=worldwildlife.org|publisher=World Wildlife Fund|accessdate=17 December 2015}} 7. ^{{cite web|last1=Roy|first1=Pinaki|title=Hilsa spawning less and less|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/hilsa-spawning-less-and-less-78387|website=thedailystar.net|publisher=The Daily Star|accessdate=16 July 2015}} 8. ^{{cite book |last=Bari |first=M Fazlul |year=2012 |chapter=Dam |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Dam |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=Asiatic Society of Bangladesh}} 9. ^{{cite news |last1=Roy |first1=Pinaki |date=2 May 2015 |title=Hilsa spawning less and less |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/hilsa-spawning-less-and-less-78387 |newspaper=The Daily Star |access-date=16 July 2015}} 10. ^{{cite news |date=20 June 2015 |title=Spilled oil flows towards Karnaphuli |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/city/spilled-oil-flows-towards-karnaphuly-100180 |newspaper=The Daily Star |access-date=16 July 2015}} 3 : Karnaphuli River|Rivers of Bangladesh|Rivers of Mizoram |
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