| 词条 | John Ringling North |
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John Nicholas Ringling, uncle Charles Edward Ringling, uncle Otto Ringling, uncle| signature = | website = | footnotes = }} John Ringling North (August 14, 1903 – June 4, 1985) was the president and director of the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus from 1937 to 1943 and from 1947 to 1967. Life and careerNorth was born on August 14, 1903 in Baraboo, Wisconsin, the son of Ida Loraina Wihelmina (Ringling) and Harry Whitestone North. His mother was the sister of the Ringling brothers.[1] As a boy, he hawked balloons and novelties at his uncles' circus.[2] He learned to dance and play the saxophone from circus performers and formed his own dance band while at college.[2] He attended the University of Wisconsin and Yale University, but left the latter in his junior year. After working for two years in a New York stock brokerage, North worked for the Ringling brothers' real estate companies and for the circus during the summers.[1] He returned to the brokerage business from 1929 to 1936, while continuing to assist the Ringling brothers with their business interests.[1] After the death of his uncle and namesake, John Ringling, the last of the original Ringling brothers in 1936, North became president and director of Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey Combined Shows Inc.[1][7] He married French actress Germaine Aussey on May 11, 1940. They were divorced three years later.[3] Under North's management, the circus switched from tents to air conditioned venues in 1956, in part to offset rising labor costs.[2][7] North also replaced the circus's unrelated acts with thematic programs, and once hired George Balanchine to choreograph a ballet using the circus's elephants.[4] Balanchine, in turn, brought Igor Stravinsky on board to compose the Circus Polka for the elephant dance.[4] The Ringling heirs sold the circus in 1967, ending 80 years of Ringling family control of the enterprise.[1] After the sale of the circus, he moved to Europe, where he lived in Switzerland and Belgium.[2] In the early 1960s, North and his brother, Henry Ringling North, who had bought their father's ancestral home in County Galway, became Irish citizens.[1] North died of a stroke on June 4, 1985 in Brussels, Belgium at the age of 81.[1][5] Filmography
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 "Circus' John Ringling North", Chicago Tribune, June 7, 1985. Retrieved August 30, 2013. 2. ^1 2 3 Burt A. Folkart. "'Greatest Show on Earth': John Ringling North, Circus Developer, Dies", Los Angeles Times, June 7, 1985. Retrieved August 30, 2013. 3. ^http://store.historicimages.com/products/rsk11809. Retrieved May 15, 2014. 4. ^1 Davida Krista. George Balanchine: American Ballet Master. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications, 1996, p. 72. 5. ^1 2 {{cite news |first= |last= |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=Died. |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,959229,00.html |quote=John Ringling North, 81, flamboyant, fast-talking showman who from 1937 to '43 and from 1947 to '67 ran "The Greatest Show on Earth," the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus, started by his five uncles in 1884; of a stroke; in Brussels. North took over the debt-spangled show after the death of his last uncle, John Ringling, and modernized it with such attractions as Gargantua the Great, the "vehemently vicious" 550-lb. gorilla that drew more than 40 million circusgoers. In 1956, North folded the big top and reincarnated the show for new arenas of the air-conditioned era. |work=Time |date=June 17, 1985 |accessdate=2008-07-20 }} External links
13 : 1903 births|1985 deaths|People from Baraboo, Wisconsin|University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni|Yale University alumni|Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus people|Circus proprietors|Recipients of the Silver Star|American naval personnel of World War II|Military personnel from Wisconsin|United States Navy officers|People of the Office of Strategic Services|Naturalised citizens of Ireland |
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