| 词条 | John Sowden House |
| 释义 |
| name =John Sowden House | nrhp_type = | designated_other1 = LAHCM | designated_other1_date = August 13, 2003 | designated_other1_number = 762 | image = John Sowden House, Los Angeles.JPG | caption = John Sowden House, 2008 | location= 5121 Franklin Avenue, Los Feliz, Los Angeles, California | coordinates = {{coord|34|6|20|N|118|18|4|W|display=inline,title}} | locmapin = | area = | built =1926 | architect= Wright, Lloyd | architecture= Mayan revival, Other | added = July 14, 1971 | governing_body = Private | refnum=71000151[1] }} John Sowden House, also known as the "Jaws House" or the "Franklin House", is a residence built in 1926 in the Los Feliz section of Los Angeles, California by Lloyd Wright. The house is noted for its use of ornamented textile blocks and for its striking facade, resembling (depending on the viewer's points of cultural reference) either a Mayan temple or the gaping open mouth of a great white shark. Architecture and designThe original owner, John Sowden, was a painter and photographer who hired his friend, Lloyd Wright (eldest son of Frank Lloyd Wright), to build his home on Franklin Ave in Los Feliz. The house is built using concrete textile blocks and Mayan themes, with decorative block-work along some of the interior walls. Upon approaching the "cave-like"[2] front entrance, one passes through sculpted copper gates and then up "a narrow, tomb-like staircase" into the house.[3] The building design follows a rectangular plan, with the rooms all opening into a 22' x 68' central courtyard by way of a narrow corridor.[2] The courtyard originally contained a 32' long pool and fountain, which was removed sometime before 1940[2] and two textile-bock water organs which were destroyed by an earthquake in the 1930s, probably the 1933 Long Beach earthquake.[3] The building style of Sowden House is similar to Los Angeles area residences designed earlier in the 1920s by Frank Lloyd Wright, which include the Ennis House just to the northeast in the hills above Los Feliz Boulevard, the Hollyhock House in East Hollywood, the Storer House and Samuel Freeman House in the Hollywood Hills, and Millard House in Pasadena. Contemporary reception of these Mayan revival residences was generally not positive, as critics derided the use of concrete blocks, the cheapest available material, in the construction of upscale homes.[4] Opinions have since changed, and the houses built by the Wrights with textile blocks are now some of the most famous residential landmarks in the area, added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places, and praised for their striking and innovative style.[3] The Sowden house has been recognized as one of Lloyd Wright's most important works. When Lloyd Wright died in 1978, the Los Angeles Times wrote that Sowden house should be "hailed as the apogee of his residential work."[5] The sharp ridges and lines of the facade have been said to resemble the gaping open mouth of a great white shark, resulting in the home's being known in Los Angeles as the "Jaws House."[3] It has also been described as having a "cultic, brooding" appearance.[6] The Los Angeles Times has additionally described it as a "quasi-Mayan-style mansion, an otherworldly apparition that looms over Franklin Avenue in Los Feliz," and "challenges the street."[7] This was the last residence built by the Wrights in this style, though the Mayan style roof line was also used by Lloyd Wright when he built the first "shell" for the Hollywood Bowl, constructed out of wood, which only lasted one year before being torn down.[8] HistorySowden wanted a house that would be a showplace where he could entertain his friends in the Hollywood film community,[9] but only lived in the house for a few years, perhaps due to the negative criticism of its architectural style at the time. The house was sold in 1930 to Ruth Rand Barnett, and again in 1936, 1944 and 1945.[2] From 1945 through 1950, the house was owned by Dr. George Hodel,[2] a Los Angeles physician who was a prime suspect in the infamous Black Dahlia murder, although he was not publicly named as such at the time. The doctor's own son, Steve Hodel, himself a retired City of Los Angeles homicide detective, argued in his 2003 book, Black Dahlia Avenger, that the Black Dahlia victim, Elizabeth Short, was actually tortured, murdered and dissected by his father in the basement of the Sowden House, in January 1947.[10] Hodel also claims that his father may have committed further murders in the house and buried victims in the basement or yard, before fleeing the country in 1950.[10] Despite claims that cadaver dogs have indicated the presence of human remains on the property, no excavations have been made as of October 2015.[11] In the mediaThe Sowden house was used as a shooting location to depict the home of Ava Gardner in Martin Scorsese's film The Aviator.[12] It was also one of the sites used in season 6 of America's Next Top Model,[13] It was featured as a haunted location in a 2013 episode of Ghost Hunters.[14] The Sowden House was used as a setting for the making of the music video for the song "I Dare You" by the The XX.[15] The house was a lockdown location in Season 12 episode 1 "Black Dahlia House" of Ghost Adventures where a paranormal investigation was conducted.[16]{{Better source|reason=per WP:CIRCULAR|date=December 2017}} The house was featured in the TV series I Am the Night, a mini-series about Dr. Hodel's estranged granddaughter Fauna Hodel. RenovationThe house, with seven bedrooms, four baths, and {{convert|5600|sqft|m2}}, was listed on the market at $1,575,000 in 2001.[9] It was purchased that year by Xorin Balbes for $1.2 million. Balbes, who said the house was "a wreck" when he bought it, spent $1.6 million in restorations, though some of his alterations drew criticism from preservationists as well as Lloyd Wright's son, Eric Lloyd Wright. In addition to restoring the deteriorating stonework, Balbes converted the three-room kitchen area into a large open kitchen, added new upscale bathrooms, and installed a pool and spa in the central court.[8] Independent filmmaker Bashar Shbib was hired to design and realize the landscaping in and around the house.[17] On viewing the renovations, Eric Lloyd Wright praised the new kitchen and landscaping, but criticized Balbes' decision to install a pool and spa in the middle of the courtyard. All of the house's rooms open onto the long central courtyard, which was originally a lawn that was used for seating during performances at the home. Eric Wright felt it was a "mistake" to break up the courtyard space with a pool and spa.[8] Dana Hutt, an architectural historian who has written on the works of Lloyd Wright, was also critical of Balbes' alterations. She objected to the pool, to the refinement of the entry staircase, and to the addition of Asian elements that were "completely wrong" for Wright's Mesoamerican design.[8] The house has sold several times since the renovation, and on September 10, 2016, it was listed for sale at $4,795,000.[18] See also
References1. ^{{NRISref|2008a}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|title=Historic American Buildings Survey: Sowden House|url=https://cdn.loc.gov/master/pnp/habshaer/ca/ca0200/ca0267/data/ca0267data.pdf}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Sowden House: History|url=http://www.sowdenhouse.com/history.html}} 4. ^{{cite news|author =Charles Lockwood|title=L.A. Homes Mark Architect's Most Turbulent Period|publisher=Los Angeles Times|date=1983-01-30}} 5. ^{{cite news|author=Ted Thackrey, Jr.|title=Lloyd Wright, Architect of L.A. Landmarks, Dies|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=1978-06-02}} 6. ^{{cite news|author=John Pastier|title=Spectacular L.A. Civic Center: Lloyd Wright's Look at 20s|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=1971-12-14}} 7. ^{{cite news|author=Sam Hall Kaplan|title=Flamboyant Designer's Legacy: Architects in Their Own Wright|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=1987-02-14}} 8. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite news|author=Susan Freudenheim|title=Style & Culture: A new vision of the classics; Working at a feverish pace, Xorin Balbes brings new vitality to grand old homes, but preservationists aren't entirely happy|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=2003-01-10|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2003/jan/10/entertainment/et-freudenheim10}} 9. ^1 {{cite news|first=Ruth|last=Ryon|title=Home of the Week: This Place is a Chip Off the Old Concrete Block|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=2001-07-08}} 10. ^1 {{cite book |last=Hodel | first=Steve | title=Black Dahlia Avenger | publisher=Harper-Collins | date=2003}} 11. ^{{cite news|author=Hadley Meares|title=The Sordid and Possibly Murderous Secrets of Los Angeles's Sowden House|newspaper= Curbed Los Angeles|date=2015-10-28}} 12. ^{{cite news|title=Sowden House in Los Feliz|publisher=Huffington Post|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/07/28/sowden-house-in-los-feliz_n_662581.html | first=Anna|last=Almendrala|date=2010-07-28}} 13. ^http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/07/28/sowden-house-in-los-feliz_n_662581.html 14. ^https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2676920/ 15. ^https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qqflFMhkqHM 16. ^List of Ghost Adventures episodes#Season 11 (2016) 17. ^California Homes : Sowden House {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214153006/http://www.architecturaldigest.com/decor/2007-08/california_slideshow_082007_slideshow_item9_10 |date=2013-12-14 }} Architectural Digest 18. ^https://www.redfin.com/CA/Los-Angeles/5121-Franklin-Ave-90027/home/7133440 External links{{Commons category|John Sowden House}}
7 : Houses in Los Angeles|Los Feliz, Los Angeles|Houses completed in 1926|Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monuments|Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Los Angeles|Mayan Revival architecture|Modernist architecture in California |
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