| 词条 | Kasauli |
| 释义 |
| name = Kasauli | native_name = कसौली | native_name_lang = hi | other_name = Kussowlie | nickname = | settlement_type = Cantonment | image_skyline = A view of early morning of Kasauli,India.jpg| | image_alt = | imagesize = 300px | image_caption = A view of early morning of Kasauli, from circuit house | pushpin_map = India Himachal Pradesh#India | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Himachal Pradesh, India | coordinates = {{coord|30.9|N|76.96|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = Himachal Pradesh | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_name2 = Solan | established_title = | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = | governing_body = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 1800 | population_total = | population_as_of = | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | demographics_type1 = Languages | demographics1_title1 = Official | demographics1_info1 = Hindi | timezone1 = IST | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | postal_code_type = | postal_code = 173204 | registration_plate =HP- | website = | footnotes = }} Kasauli ({{lang-hi|कसौली}}) is a cantonment and town, located in Solan district in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. The cantonment was established by the British Raj in 1842 as a Colonial hill station,[1] 77 km from Shimla, 65 km from Chandigarh, and 94 km from Ambala Cantt (Haryana), an important Railway Junction of North India. DemographicsAccording to the 2011 India census, Kasauli had a population of 4994. Males constituted 56% of the population, and females 44%. Kasauli had an average literacy rate of 80%, higher than the then national average of 75.5%; male literacy was 84%, and female 76%. 10% of the population was under 6 year of age. ClimateKasauli has a moderate climate. Winter temperature is approximately 2 degrees Celsius, with Summer temperatures rarely exceeding 32 degrees Celsius or more. The general wind direction is south-west to north-east. Total rainfall for the year is 1020 millimetres, with humidity at 90% in September and 28% in April. Landmarks of KasauliCentral Research InstituteThe Central Research Institute (CRI), originally the Pasteur Institute of India, was established at Kasauli in 1904 under its first director Sir David Semple, as an institute working in the fields of immunology and virological research.[2] The CRI works as a World Health Organization ‘Collaborating Centre’, and as an immuno-biological laboratory producing vaccines for measles and polio, and the DTP group of vaccines. It also provides a Master of Science programme in Microbiology. Baptist ChurchKasauli Baptist Church is a 1923 brick and wood building situated close to the Sadar Bazzar. According to The Indian Express it is "considered a unique example of colonial architecture of the British era". In 2008 the church was damaged by a fire which destroyed all internal furnishings.[3][3][4] Christ ChurchChrist Church was previously an Anglican church, inaugurated on 24 July 1853.[5] Since 1970 it has been under the auspices of the Church of North India (CNI) in the diocese of Amritsar.[6] The church contains Spanish and Italian imported stained glass windows depicting Christ, Mary, Saint Barnabas and Saint Francis.[1] The Parsonage was built in 1850 for priests of the Anglican church. Official Website for Church is under construction at http://christchurchkasauli.org Circuit houseGurudwara Shri Guru Nanak JiThe Gurudwara (Sikh house of worship and hospitality) Shri Guru Nanak Ji is located in the Garkhal bazaar near Kasauli.[7] A further Sikh Gurudwara lies on the Kasauli-Mashobra (old Hindustan-Tibet) Road near the Air Force Radar Station.{{citation needed|date=May 2011}} Krishna Bhavan MandirKrishna Bhawan Mandir, a Hindu shrine, was located in the middle of the town. Dedicated to Lord Krishna, the temple exhibits blend of European and Indian architecture. The mandir is situated in the town and attracts tourists throughout the year. Krishna Bhawan Mandir was built in the year 1926 during the British regime. Imperial rulers, specialists of grand buildings came together with local craftsmen to construct this beautiful shrine. Keeping in mind the principles of Vastu Shastra, the designers and craftsmen built this religious monument. Kasauli BreweryThe Kasauli Brewery and distillery, founded in the 1820s before the establishment of the Kasauli cantonment, is the oldest extant distillery for 'scotch whisky' in Asia.{{citation needed|date=May 2011}} The Kasauli brewery is also known as Mohan Meakin.{{citation needed|date=August 2011}} Kasauli ClubThe Kasauli Club was established by civilians and service personnel in 1880, as the Kasauli Reading and Assembly Rooms. It gained its present name in 1898 when a limited liability company and constitution were established; its first director was Sir David Semple of Kasauli's Pasteur Institute. At the time the Club was for the exclusive use of the British Raj, and held social meetings, tea and dinner dances, and galas. In 1915 regimental officers at Dagshai, Solan and Subathu could be admitted as honorary members. At Independence in 1947, plans to sell the then loss-making Club failed.[8] The Club was originally constructed of wood and plaster, and was typical of hill architecture. In 2001, after a 2000 restoration, it was destroyed by fire, losing "elegant, old-world furniture, [and] precious and rare books". By 2005 it had been redesigned and rebuilt in stone, and plans were put forward for a new attached gymnasium.[8] It is currently located within Indian Army premises and managed by a regular Indian Army Officer as Club Secretary, aided by civilian staff.{{citation needed|date=May 2011}} In April 2012 the Kasauli Club hosted a two-day Rhythm and Blues Festival as a benefit concert for "seriously ill children".[9][10] Nahri TempleThe Nahri Temple, devoted to the Goddess Durga and heavenly Lord Shiva, is thought to have been constructed around a hundred and fifty years ago. Also known as 'Jantar Mantar' and 'Choo Mantar Mahadev Temple', the temple is renowned for its festive celebration of Dushera and Shivratri. The temple boasts of striking idols of goddess Durga and Lord Shiva placed in the chamber of temple. Near this temple, there is century-old bauri which still offers sweet potable water. This temple is known to be visited by hundreds of pilgrims each year to present their prayers to the almighty. Hanuman Mandir (Manki Point)Manki Point is situated in the 'Air Force Station' near the Lower Mall region about 4km from the center of town. According to the Ramayana, when Lord Hanuman was returning from the Himalayas after acquiring the "Sanjivani Booty", one of his feet touched the hill; that's why the top of the hill is in the shape of a foot. On starry and clear nights a stunning view of Chandigarh can be seen from Manki Point. The Air Force School inside the station premises is run and managed by the station workers. Cameras, cell phones or any other electronic device is not allowed like headphone, charger, selfie stick, pen drive, memory card, sim card etc. You can lock them in your vehicle or deposit them at the locker facility available (charges applicable) at the restaurant nearby the gate from which your vehicle can't go any further. Beja State{{Main article|Beja State}}Beja State is one of the 18 Simla Hill States, situated just below Kasauli to the west and is bordered by Mahlog, Patiala, Kuthar and the Bharauli tract of Simla District around Sabathu. Beja included 45 villages, over an area of 13 km2 or 5 mi2 with 1,131 subjects. Mahlog State{{Main article|Mahlog }}The state of Mahlog was founded in 1183. Its original rulers were ruling earlier near Kalka when Mohamad Gauri attacked that area then they shifted to Mahlog area. Initially 193 villages were in its jurisdiction but later over 300 villages were included. It was the one of the biggest Princely State of Simla Hill States under British Raj EducationEducational institutions in or near Kasauli are the Lawrence School Sanawar, The Pinegrove School, St. Mary's Convent School, all co-educational, and the school at Kasauli's K.V. Air Force Station. These schools are affiliated to the Central Board of Secondary Education also GSSS Kot Beja a government senior secondary school at kot beja near Kasauli .{{citation needed|date=May 2011}} Nearby villagesGharkhal, Samol, Kasauli Gaon, Mashobra, Chhatiyan, Nahari, Manjhla Madhyana, Kot Beja, Chabbal are some villages situated near Kasauli. BiodiversityKasauli is very rich in flora and fauna and biodiversity. There are many types of birds ,animals, plants and insects in this area. Notable people
References1. ^1 Sharma, Ambika; "Architecture of Kasauli churches"; The Tribune, Online edition, 2 March 2001. Retrieved 7 July 2012. 2. ^"Pasteur Institute of India, Kasauli" Nature 6 July 1940. Retrieved 9 May 2011 3. ^Kashyap, Arvind; "Kasauli church pastor suspects arson"; The Indian Express, 14 Nov 2008. Retrieved 7 July 2012. 4. ^"Fire breaks out in Kasauli Church, Pastor seeks probe"; Oneindia.in, 12 November 2008. Retrieved 7 July 2012. 5. ^1 "Churches in Himachal Pradesh"; Himachal-pradesh-tourism.com. Retrieved 27 June 2012 6. ^Kasauli Churches Kasauliresort.com. Retrieved 9 May 2011 7. ^Kasauli Gurudwara indiahimachalpradesh.com. Retrieved 9 May 2011 8. ^1 Sharma, Ambika; "An exclusive retreat in the hills"; The Tribune, Online edition, 29 May 2005. Retrieved 7 July 2012. 9. ^"Rhythm and Blues festival ends with resolve to work for a cause", The Times of India, 9 April 2012. Retrieved 7 July 2012 10. ^Kapoor, Jaskiran; "Music in the Mountains"; The Indian Express, 30 March 2012. Retrieved 7 July 2012. 11. ^http://dbtbiosafety.nic.in/committee/rcgm.htm 12. ^"Known graves of holders of The Victoria Cross - Frank Gerald Blaker", Victoriacross.org.uk. Retrieved 6 February 2014 13. ^Walia, Rajan; "Museum planned in complex where Godse was jailed", The Times of India, 17 April 2011. Retrieved 7 July 2012 14. ^"Lord Radice on mission total recall", The Times of India, 29 April 2004. Retrieved 7 July 2012 15. ^{{Cite web| url = http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/writing-on-the-wall-8/| title = Writing on the Wall| date = 2013-10-15| website = The Indian Express| access-date = 2016-02-25}} External links{{portal|Chandigarh}}{{commons category|Kasauli}}
5 : Cities and towns in Solan district|Hill stations in Himachal Pradesh|Cantonments of India|Cantonments of British India|1842 establishments in British India |
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