| 词条 | John Vaughan (British Army officer, died 1795) |
| 释义 |
Lieutenant-General Sir John Vaughan KB (c. 1731 – 30 June 1795), styled The Honourable from 1741, was a British soldier and a Member of Parliament in both the British and Irish Parliaments. Background and early career{{further|Great Britain in the Seven Years' War}}Vaughan was the second son of the 3rd Viscount Lisburne. He began his military career as an officer in the 9th Marines, being commissioned as a second lieutenant in 1746; but he transferred to the 10th Dragoons as a cornet in 1748, being promoted to lieutenant in 1751, captain-lieutenant in 1754 and Major in 1759. In 1760 he became a Lieutenant-Colonel in the 94th Foot, and held the same rank in the 16th Foot from 1762. He served in both Germany and North America during the Seven Years' War, leading a division of grenadiers with great distinction at the capture of Martinique. In 1772 he was promoted to colonel, and from 1775 until his death was Colonel of the 46th Foot. Member of ParliamentHe entered the British Parliament in 1774 as member for Berwick-upon-Tweed, holding the seat for the remaining twenty years of his life. From 1776 to 1783 he was also a member of the Irish Parliament and represented St Johnstown (County Longford). He was appointed Governor of Fort William in 1779 and then in 1780 Governor of Berwick, also holding this post until his death, although it did not interfere with his active military career. He was a reliable supporter of the government when in the House of Commons, but of course could not attend while he was absent on active service: at the 1780 election the government's election managers considered trying to replace him temporarily as Berwick's MP by someone who would be able to attend and vote, but the borough's patrons would have none of it and he was returned unopposed. American War of IndependenceFollowing the outbreak of the American War of Independence Vaughan returned to North America as a Major-General, serving from 1776 until 1779. He led the grenadiers at the Battle of Long Island, and was wounded in the thigh; he commanded a column in the Battle of Short Hills, New Jersey, in July 1777, and he commanded a column during the successful assault on Fort Clinton and Fort Montgomery, where his horse was killed under him. In 1779 he returned to England but was immediately appointed Commander-in-Chief in the Leeward Islands: he served in the West Indies from 1779 until 1782, taking a leading part in Rodney's Capture of St Eustatius in 1781. Later in the year he was accused of embezzling the property confiscated at St Eustatius, and was forced to defend himself against Burke's attack in Parliament, stating that he had not profited by a shilling and had always acted in the national interest rather than his own. He was promoted to Lieutenant General in 1782. Later life1792 he was knighted as a Knight of the Bath (KB). In 1795 he was appointed once more to command in the Leeward Islands, but died later the same year at Martinique. References
| title = Member of Parliament for Berwick-upon-Tweed | with = Jacob Wilkinson 1774–1780 | with2 = Sir John Delaval 1780–1786 | with3 = Sir Gilbert Elliot 1786–1790 | with4 = Captain Charles Carpenter 1790–1795 | years = 1774–1795 | before = Sir John Delaval | before2=Robert Paris Taylor | after = Captain Charles Carpenter | after2=John Callender }}{{s-par|ie}}{{s-bef| before = Ralph Fetherston | before2=Robert Jephson }}{{s-ttl| title = Member of Parliament for St Johnstown (County Longford) | with = Sir Ralph Fetherston, 1st Bt 1776–1780 | with2 = Sackville Hamilton 1780–1783 | years = 1776–1783 }}{{s-aft| after = Sir Thomas Fetherston, 2nd Bt | after2=Nicholas Colthurst }}{{s-mil}}{{succession box | before=Hon. William Howe | title=Colonel of the 46th Foot | after=Sir James Craig | years=1775–1795}}{{succession box | before=John Burgoyne | title=Governor of Fort William | years=1779–1780 | after=James Murray}}{{succession box | title=Governor of Berwick-upon-Tweed | before=Sir John Mordaunt | after=The Viscount Howe | years=1780–1795}}{{s-end}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Vaughan, John}} 19 : 1730s births|1795 deaths|10th Royal Hussars officers|46th Regiment of Foot officers|British Army generals|British MPs 1774–80|British MPs 1780–84|British MPs 1784–90|British MPs 1790–96|British Army personnel of the American Revolutionary War|Connaught Rangers officers|Irish MPs 1776–83|Knights Companion of the Order of the Bath|Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies|Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Longford constituencies|Younger sons of viscounts|British Army personnel of the Seven Years' War|Royal Marines officers|British Governors of Martinique |
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