“John Winthrop Jr. Iron Furnace Site”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The John Winthrop Jr. Iron Furnace Site is a historic archaeological site at 61 Crescent Street, Quincy, Massachusetts. The site is called Braintree Furnace in some texts; the West Quincy location at the time of operation was in a part of Braintree, Massachusetts, that later became Quincy.^[2]^[3] Its importance lies in the fact that it was the first iron blast furnace established in what would become the United States.^[4] Furnace Brook, a stream which begins on the eastern slopes of the Blue Hills and meanders for about four miles from southwest to northeast through the middle of Quincy toward Quincy Bay, was named for the iron works site.^[2]

History

During the 17th century, iron was an used to manufacture a number of indispensable goods, including nails, horseshoes, cookware, tools, and weapons. The production of iron required a complex manufacturing process, which was not available during the early years of the North American colonization. Thus, all of the colonists iron goods had to be imported. As it took at least two months to sail to the nearest foundry, iron goods were very expensive.^[5]

The Braintree iron furnace, however, was unsuccessful due to a lack of iron ore in the area and an inadequate supply of water to power the machinery.^[5] The furnace shut down in 1647, not long after the Saugus Iron Works was completed.^[7]

Several workers from the Braintree Furnace would go on to establish iron works in other locations. In the 1650s, James Leonard would help establish the Taunton Iron Works on the Two Mile River in Taunton, Massachusetts. His brother Henry Leonard would return to Saugus for a while before establishing a new works at Rowley in 1668. He would later move to New Jersey with his sons where several other works were built.^[8] Ralph Russell, another ironmaster from Braintree moved to Dartmouth where he set up a forge at what became known as Russells Mills, on the Paskamanset River.

Images

See also

References

1. ^{{NRISref|2009a}}
2. ^¹{{cite book |author=Pattee, William S. |title=A History of Old Braintree and Quincy: With a Sketch of Randolph and Holbrook |page=458 |publisher=Green & Prescott |year=1879 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N3gdM3L6dIMC&pg=PA458}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sec.state.ma.us/MHC/mhcpdf/townreports/Boston/qui.pdf|title=MHC Reconnaissance Survey Town Report: Quincy|pages=4–5|year=1981|publisher=Massachusetts Historical Commission|accessdate=12 December 2009}}
4. ^{{cite book|last=Hartley|first=E. N.|title=Ironworks on the Saugus: The Lynn and Braintree Ventures of the Company of Undertakers of the Ironworks in New England|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|location=Norman, OK|year=1957|page=10|isbn=978-0-8061-0366-2|oclc=48402155}}
5. ^¹²³{{cite book|last=Gordon|first=John Steele|authorlink=John Steele Gordon|title=An Empire of Wealth|year=2009|publisher=HarperCollins|pages=32–36}}
6. ^{{cite news|last=Fenton|first=John|title=The Steel Mills' Ancestor|newspaper=The New York Times|date=November 14, 1954}}
7. ^¹{{cite web|title=Saugus Iron Works 1647 Dedication Ceremony Program |publisher=American Society of Mechanical Engineers |date=June 15, 1975 |url=http://files.asme.org/ASMEORG/Communities/History/Landmarks/5641.pdf |accessdate=July 16, 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227191543/http://files.asme.org/ASMEORG/Communities/History/Landmarks/5641.pdf |archivedate=February 27, 2012 |df= }}
8. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=svU_AAAAYAAJ&dq=leonard%20iron%20works%20taunton&pg=PA364#v=onepage&q&f=false The New England states, The New England states, D.H. Hurd & co., 1897]