| 词条 | Kastamonu | ||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Kastamonu |settlement_type = Municipality | image_skyline = Kastamonu Panaroma Saat Kulesi.jpg | image_caption = | image_shield = | pushpin_map = Turkey | coordinates = {{coord|41|22|35|N|33|46|35|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Turkey | subdivision_type1 = Province | subdivision_name1 = Kastamonu Province | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | leader_party = AKP | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Tahsin BABAŞ | leader_title1 = Kaymakam | leader_name1 = | area_footnotes = {{Turkey district areas|SOURCE}} | area_blank1_title = District | area_blank1_km2 = {{Turkey district areas|Kastamonu|Kastamonu}} | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = {{Turkey district populations|SOURCE|Kastamonu}} | population_urban = {{Turkey district populations|Kastamonu|Kastamonu|şehir}} | population_as_of = {{Turkey district populations|YEAR}} | population_blank1_title = District | population_blank1 = {{Turkey district populations|Kastamonu|Kastamonu|toplam}} | population_density_blank1_km2 = auto | blank1_name = Climate | blank1_info = Cfb | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | website = {{URL| www.kastamonu.bel.tr | www.kastamonu.bel.tr }} }} Kastamonu is the capital district of the Kastamonu Province, Turkey. According to the 2000 census, population of the district is 102,059 of which 64,606 live in the urban center of Kastamonu.[1][2] (Population of the urban center in 2010 is 91,012.[3]) The district covers an area of {{convert|1834|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}},[4] and the town lies at an elevation of {{cvt|904|m|ft|0}}. It is located to the south of the province. HistoryThe city is believed to have been founded in the 18th century BC. The town was known as Timonion (Τιμόνιον in Greek) during the Roman period. The change of name of the town dates to the 10th century AD. Manuel Erotikos Komnenos, a Thracian soldier who became a prominent general and the father of the Byzantine emperor Isaac I Komnenos, was given lands around Kastamonu by Emperor Basil II and built a fortress there named Kastra Komnenon (Κάστρα Κομνηνών). Manuel came to the notice of Basil II because of his defence, in 978, of Nicaea against the rebel Bardas Skleros.[5] The name Kastra Komnenon was shortened to Kastamone, and later turkified to Kastamoni and Kastamonu. Ibn Battuta visited the city, noting it as "one of the largest and finest cities, where commodities are abundant and prices low." He stayed there forty days.[6]The Dress Code Revolution started at Kastamonu by Atatürk on August 23, 1925. Atatürk made his historical speech concerning about the "Hat and Dress Revolution" in 1925 at his visit to Kastamonu at Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi building.[7] The building is now used as Archeological Museum. The materials used by Atatürk in his Kastamonu visit are also exhibited in the museum. CuisineTypical country fare in Kastamonu includes a quick rose jam made with sugared water, citric acid and gül mayası - the latter is a preparation of culinary-grade rose petals with sugar and citric acid that preserves them and brings out their flavor and fragrance. Homemade hot sauce is made by simmering grated tomato, garlic, Turkish red pepper, hot peppers, sunflower oil, salt and pepper on the stove. Sweet katmer is made by preparing a simple unleavened dough of flour, salt and water that is smeared with a tahini and sunflower oil mixture as it is folded.[8] Breakfast might include farm made cheese, olives, pekmez, fried potatoes, rose jam homemade hot sauce, eggs served hot in the pan (called sahanda yumurta), folded unleavened bread called katmer, fresh farm milk and black tea.[8] A speciality of Taşköprü, Kastamonu is freshly slaughtered whole lamb slow-cooked over the glowing embers of wood in a sealed, airtight "well" — this regional specialty is called kuyu kebab in Turkish. A little water added to a tray ensures that steam keeps the meat moist throughout the cooking process.[8] Economic historyIn the early 20th century, nickel was being mined in the area around Kastamonu.[9] EducationKastamonu is home to Kastamonu University, which was established in 2006 by incorporating existing colleges, schools, and institutes that were previously under Ankara University and Gazi University. Notable high schools in Kastamonu are: Abdurrahman Paşa Lisesi, also known as Kastamonu Lisesi, the first modern high school that was established in Anatolia in late Ottoman Empire. Kastamonu Mustafa Kaya Lisesi, an Anatolian high school, one of the most successful high schools in Turkey outside Istanbul, Ankara and İzmir. ClimateKastamonu has a humid continental climate (Köppen: Dfb) using the 32 degree isotherm, with cold winters and warm summers. The average annual precipitation is evenly distributed throughout the year, with spring being the wettest season. {{Weather box|metric first= Yes |single line= Yes |location= Kastamonu (1930–2017) |Jan record high C = 17.3 |Feb record high C = 21.1 |Mar record high C = 27.8 |Apr record high C = 31.4 |May record high C = 35.1 |Jun record high C = 37.5 |Jul record high C = 42.2 |Aug record high C = 40.2 |Sep record high C = 36.5 |Oct record high C = 32.5 |Nov record high C = 24.7 |Dec record high C = 21.1 |year record high C = 42.2 |Jan high C = 3.1 |Feb high C = 6.0 |Mar high C = 10.8 |Apr high C = 16.5 |May high C = 21.1 |Jun high C = 24.6 |Jul high C = 27.8 |Aug high C = 28.0 |Sep high C = 23.8 |Oct high C = 18.0 |Nov high C = 10.9 |Dec high C = 4.7 |year high C = 16.3 |Jan mean C = -1.1 |Feb mean C = 0.7 |Mar mean C = 4.3 |Apr mean C = 9.5 |May mean C = 14.2 |Jun mean C = 17.6 |Jul mean C = 20.3 |Aug mean C = 20.0 |Sep mean C = 15.7 |Oct mean C = 10.7 |Nov mean C = 5.1 |Dec mean C = 0.8 |year mean C = 9.8 |Jan low C = -4.6 |Feb low C = -3.5 |Mar low C = -0.9 |Apr low C = 3.3 |May low C = 7.5 |Jun low C = 10.4 |Jul low C = 12.3 |Aug low C = 12.2 |Sep low C = 8.8 |Oct low C = 5.1 |Nov low C = 0.8 |Dec low C = -2.4 |year low C = 4.1 |Jan record low C = -26.9 |Feb record low C = -22.3 |Mar record low C = -19.7 |Apr record low C = -8.5 |May record low C = -3.6 |Jun record low C = 0.2 |Jul record low C = 3.8 |Aug record low C = 0.9 |Sep record low C = -1.5 |Oct record low C = -7.5 |Nov record low C = -19.3 |Dec record low C = -23.7 |year record low C = -26.9 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 29.9 |Feb precipitation mm = 27.0 |Mar precipitation mm = 34.5 |Apr precipitation mm = 51.8 |May precipitation mm = 74.1 |Jun precipitation mm = 71.4 |Jul precipitation mm = 31.8 |Aug precipitation mm = 31.2 |Sep precipitation mm = 30.1 |Oct precipitation mm = 35.3 |Nov precipitation mm = 29.1 |Dec precipitation mm = 33.8 |year precipitation mm = 480.0 |Jan precipitation days = 12.4 |Feb precipitation days = 11.3 |Mar precipitation days = 12.0 |Apr precipitation days = 12.9 |May precipitation days = 14.5 |Jun precipitation days = 11.8 |Jul precipitation days = 6.2 |Aug precipitation days = 5.7 |Sep precipitation days = 6.5 |Oct precipitation days = 9.1 |Nov precipitation days = 9.6 |Dec precipitation days = 11.9 |year precipitation days = 123.9 |Jan sun = 71.3 |Feb sun = 101.7 |Mar sun = 142.6 |Apr sun = 174.0 |May sun = 226.3 |Jun sun = 258.0 |Jul sun = 306.9 |Aug sun = 294.5 |Sep sun = 222.0 |Oct sun = 173.6 |Nov sun = 114.0 |Dec sun = 62.0 |Jand sun = 2.3 |Febd sun = 3.6 |Mard sun = 4.6 |Aprd sun = 5.8 |Mayd sun = 7.3 |Jund sun = 8.6 |Juld sun = 9.9 |Augd sun = 9.5 |Sepd sun = 7.4 |Octd sun = 5.6 |Novd sun = 3.8 |Decd sun = 2.0 |source 1 = Turkish State Meteorological Service[10] }} TransportThe main bus station has bus links to most major Turkish cities. Kastamonu Airport is active. Kastamonu is also the main railroad endpoint for the West Black Sea region. Notable natives
GalleryNotes1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.die.gov.tr/nufus_sayimi/2000tablo5.xls |title=Census 2000, Key statistics for urban areas of Turkey |accessdate=2008-11-17 |author=Turkish Statistical Institute |format=XLS |language=Turkish |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5QWEsWFnQ?url=http://www.die.gov.tr/nufus_sayimi/2000tablo5.xls |archivedate=July 22, 2007 |df= }} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.geohive.com/cntry/turkey.aspx?levels=Karadeniz|title=Statistical information on Turkey's administrative units|accessdate=2008-11-22|author=GeoHive}} 3. ^Statistical Institute{{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 4. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.statoids.com/ytr.html|title=Statistical information on districts of Turkey |accessdate=2008-11-22 |author=Statoids}} 5. ^Runciman, pp. 54-55 6. ^{{cite book|last1=Battutah|first1=Ibn|title=The Travels of Ibn Battutah|date=2002|publisher=Picador|location=London|isbn=9780330418799|pages=117}} 7. ^{{Cite book|last=İğdemir|first=Uluğ|others=Mango, Andrew (trans.)|title=Atatürk|publisher=Turkish National Commission for UNESCO|location=Ankara|year=1963|oclc=75604149|pages=165–170}} 8. ^1 2 {{Cite AV media| work = Show TV| title = Lezzet Haritası - Kastamonu /29 Kasım| accessdate = 2018-07-30| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zMQH4vZ-Q5Q}} 9. ^{{cite book|last=Prothero|first=G.W.|title=Anatolia|year=1920|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office|location=London|page=106|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11766/view/1/106/}} 10. ^{{cite web| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20190222170616/https://mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?k=A&m=KASTAMONU| archivedate = 22 February 2019| url = https://mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?k=A&m=KASTAMONU| title = Resmi İstatistikler: İllerimize Ait Genel İstatistik Verileri| publisher = Turkish State Meteorological Service| language = Turkish| accessdate = 22 February 2019}} References
Further reading
External links{{Wikivoyage|Kastamonu}}{{commonscat}}
3 : Populated places in Kastamonu Province|Kastamonu|Districts of Kastamonu Province |
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