| 词条 | Katakombenschule |
| 释义 |
School teachers in the province were replaced by Italian-speaking subjects. German language based education went underground when private lessons were banned in November 1925. The main organizers were, among many others, priest Michael Gamper and lawyer Dr. Josef Noldin. School books were smuggled from farm to farm and lessons taught by the dismissed German teachers; they were augmented by approximately 500 young female volunteers. The Katakombenschulen focused on the teaching of writing and reading in German. The penalty for being found out was prison and repeatedly caught teachers were deported to South Italy. The 25-year-old teacher Angela Nikoletti died from tuberculosis during a prison term. Josef Noldin was deported to Lipari in 1927.[1][3][4] After the signing of the Lateran treaty in 1929 German language religious lessons on Sunday were allowed.[1][2] References1. ^1 2 {{citation|url=http://www.uibk.ac.at/zeitgeschichte/zis/stirol.html |publisher=Institute of contemporary history; University of Innsbruck; Rolf Steininger |title=Die Südtirolfrage}} 2. ^1 {{citation|publisher=Parliament of the Autonomous Province of Bolzano/Bozen|title=A brief contemporary history of Alto Adige/Südtirol (1918-2002)}} 3. ^{{citation|first1= Z.|last1= Zimmermann |title= Ein Besuch in Bozen/Italien (Onde 24/2005), Saarbrücken}} 4. ^{{citation|publisher= Frauen-Biographieforschung e.V. - Institut für Frauen-Biographieforschung, Hannover |title= Angela Nikoletti |url=http://www.fembio.org/biographie.php/frau/biographie/angela-nikoletti/ }} Literature
See also
3 : History of South Tyrol|Minority schools|Education in South Tyrol |
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