| 词条 | Josef Maria Eder |
| 释义 |
|name = Josef Maria Eder |image = Josef Maria Eder.png |image_size = 200px |caption = |birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1855|3|16}} |birth_place = Krems an der Donau, Austria-Hungary |residence = |nationality = Austrian |death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1944|10|18|1855|3|16}} |death_place = Kitzbühel, Austria |field = Chemistry of photography |work_institution = Vienna University of Technology |alma_mater = Vienna University of Technology |doctoral_advisor = |doctoral_students = |known_for = |prizes = Lieben Prize 1895 |religion = |footnotes = }} Josef Maria Eder 16 March 1855 – 18 October 1944) was an Austrian chemist who specialized in the chemistry of photography. Life and workEder was born in Krems an der Donau in 1855. He studied chemistry, physics and mathematics at the Vienna University of Technology and at the University of Vienna. In 1876, he received his PhD and in 1879, after his habilitation, became lecturer at the Vienna University of Technology. His research then was focused on the chemistry of photography. After spending some time at the Staatliche Gewerbeschule Vienna, he became lecturer at the Höhere Gewerbeschule Vienna. This change improved his possibilities for doing research. In the following years, Eder developed sensitized gelatin silver process. Orthochromatic photographic plates, in combination with a color filter counter-acting the plates' inhomogeneous sensitivity to light of different wavelengths, yielded black and white images showing all colors of the light in their true brightness. Eder was a professor at the Vienna University of Technology from 1892 to 1925.[1][2][3] Eder tried to implement science methods into the development of photographic processes. In particular, he used spectroscopy methods and invented several new instruments including the "Eder-Hecht neutral wedge photometer" (with {{Interlanguage link multi|Walter Hecht|de|3=Walter Hecht}} (1896–1960)). His another invention was the "mercury oxalate photometer" which was a chemical photometer to measure the intensity of UV radiation. After the effect of X-rays on photographic material was published, Eder did research to improve the sensitivity of photographic material to X-rays. By 1884, Eder started writing his Extensive Handbook of Photography, which is still available as reprint.[4] He was awarded the Lieben Prize in 1895[5] and became a member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in 1930. Eder founded the Institute for Photography and Reproduction Techniques (today the de:Höhere Graphische Bundes- Lehr- und Versuchsanstalt).[2][3][6] DistinctionsIn 1884 he was awarded the Progress Medal of the Photographic Society of Great Britain (known as the Royal Photographic Society (RPS) today).[7]
References1. ^Beiträge zur Photochemie und Spectralanalyse. Wien, k.k. graphische Lehr- u. Versuchsanstalt 1904. 4°. Mit 60 tls. gefalt. (einige farb.) Taf. u. 93 Textabb. XII S., 2 Bl., 425 S., 1 Bl., 174 S., 1 Bl., 167 S., 1 Bl., 30 S., 1 Bl., 51 S. Mod. Lwd. using Olwd. 2. ^1 {{cite book|title = Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815–1950|chapter-url = http://hw.oeaw.ac.at/oebl/oebl_E/Eder_Josef-Maria_1855_1944.xml|publisher = Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften|place = Vienna|year = 1957|isbn = 3-7001-1327-7|volume = 1|chapter = Eder, Josef Maria}} 3. ^1 {{NDB|4|312|313|Eder, Joseph Maria|Walter Schürmeyer}} 4. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rz_M3dOSRIwC|title =Ausführliches Handbuch Der Photographie|first1 = Josef Maria|last1 = Eder|year = 2009|publisher = BiblioBazaar|isbn = 978-1-110-25161-2}} 5. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.zbp.univie.ac.at/ilg/preistraegerbild10.htm|title = Ignaz Lieben-Preisträger 1895: Josef Maria Eder}} 6. ^{{cite web| title = J. M. Eder und die wissenschaftliche Fotografie|first = Monika|last = Faber|url = http://www.albertina.at/jart/prj3/albertina/data/uploads/Forschung/texte |publisher = Albertina|accessdate = 2010-03-01}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}} 7. ^Royal Photographic Society. Progress medal. Web-page listing people, who have received this award since 1878 ({{cite web|url=http://www.rps.org/annual-awards/Progress-medal |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-04-19 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120822030453/http://www.rps.org/annual-awards/Progress-Medal |archivedate=2012-08-22 |df= }}): “Instituted in 1878, this medal is awarded in recognition of any invention, research, publication or other contribution which has resulted in an important advance in the scientific or technological development of photography or imaging in the widest sense. This award also carries with it an Honorary Fellowship of The Society. […] 1884 J M Eder […]”
See also{{commonscat}}
6 : 1855 births|1944 deaths|People from Krems an der Donau|Austrian chemists|Vienna University of Technology alumni|Vienna University of Technology faculty |
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