| 词条 | Joseph Bertin |
| 释义 |
|name = Joseph Bertin |image = |caption= |birthname = Joseph Bertin |country = {{flagcountry|Kingdom of France}} {{flagcountry|Kingdom of England}} |birth_date = 1690s |birth_place = |death_date = c. 1736 |death_place = }} Captain Joseph Bertin (1690s – c. 1736) was one of the first authors to write about the game of chess.[1] David Hooper and Kenneth Whyld in The Oxford Companion to Chess call his book The Noble Game of Chess "the first worthwhile chess book in the English language".[2] B. Goulding Brown, writing in the December 1932 British Chess Magazine, called it the first original English chess book.[3] Bertin was a Huguenot born at Castelmoron-sur-Lot in the 1690s. He came to England during his youth, became a naturalized citizen in 1713, and married in 1719. In 1726, he joined a line regiment serving in the West Indies. He was later promoted to the rank of Captain, and ultimately was released from the Army as an invalid.[2] In 1735 he published a small volume entitled The Noble Game of Chess.[2][3] In the same year, he was recommissioned in a Regiment of Invalids and, according to Hooper and Whyld, "In all probability he died soon afterwards."[2] The Noble Game of Chess was sold only at Slaughter's Coffee House.[2][3][4] It contained opening analysis and useful advice about the middlegame, and laid down 19 rules for chess play. Most of them are still useful today. Some examples: "2. Never play your Queen, till your game is tolerably well opened, that you may not lose any moves; and a game well opened gives a good situation." "3. You must not give useless checks, for the same reason." "8. Consider well before you play, what harm your adversary is able to do to you, that you may oppose his designs." "18. To play well the latter end of a game, you must calculate who has the move, on which the game always depends." (This is a reference to zugzwang.)[5] Bertin attached great value to maintaining White's first-move advantage.[6] The book also contained 26 games, with each variation analyzed being treated as a separate game.[7] They were divided into "gambets" and "the close-game".[6] Problem{{Chess diagram|tleft | |bd| |rd|kd|rd| | | | | |bd| |pd|nd| | |rl| | |pd|ql| | | | | | | |pl|pd| |pd |nl| | |pl| |pl| | | |nl| | |qd| |pd|pl | | | | | | |pl| | | | |bl| |kl| | |Bertin, White to play and win }}{{Chess diagram |tright | | | |rd| |rd| | | | | |bd| |pd|nd| | |rl| |bl| |kd| | | | | | |pl|pl|pd| |pd | | | | | |pl| | | | | | |qd| |pd|pl | | | | | | |pl| | | | | | |kl| | |Bertin, final position }} At left is a chess problem from page 54 of Bertin's book. White wins with 1.Qd7+! Kxd7 2.Nbc5+ Kd8 3.Ne6+ Kd7 4.Nac5+ dxc5 5.Nxc5+ Ke8 6.Ne6+ Kd7 7.Ba4+ Bc6 8.Bxc6+ Kxe6 9.d5#.[8] {{clear}}References1. ^I.A. Horowitz, Chess Openings: Theory and Practice, Simon and Schuster, 1964, p. VII. {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Bertin, Joseph}}2. ^1 2 3 4 David Hooper and Kenneth Whyld, The Oxford Companion to Chess, Oxford University Press, 2nd ed. 1992, p. 38. {{ISBN|0-19-866164-9}}. 3. ^1 2 Philip W. Sergeant, A Century of British Chess, David McKay, p. 23. 4. ^H. J. R. Murray, A History of Chess, Oxford University Press, 1913, pp. 846-47. {{ISBN|0-19-827403-3}}. 5. ^Hooper & Whyld, pp. 38-39. 6. ^1 Murray, p. 847. 7. ^David DeLucia, David DeLucia's Chess Library: A Few Old Friends (2nd ed. 2007), p. 65. 8. ^A.J. Roycroft, Test Tube Chess, Stackpole Books, 1972, p. 73. {{ISBN|0-8117-1734-8}}. 8 : English chess players|18th century in chess|English non-fiction writers|British chess writers|Chess theoreticians|Year of birth unknown|Year of death unknown|English male non-fiction writers |
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