“Joseph Clayton Clarke”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Joseph Clayton Clarke (1857 — 8 August 1937), who worked under the pseudonym "Kyd", was a British artist best known for his illustrations of characters from the novels of Charles Dickens. The artwork was published in magazines or sold as watercolor paintings, rather than included in an edition of the novels.

Early life and family life

He was born in Onchan on the Isle of Man in 1857, the son of Captain Joseph Clarke of the British Army and Rosanna France, who was born at Gibraltar.

In 1889 he married Agnes Roberts (born 1872), and their children were David (born 1891), Dora (born 1891), Constance (born 1893), Grace (born 1895), Josephine (born 1897), Rose (born 1898), Joseph Cecil (1900–1989), Cecil William (1900–1989), Alice Ivy (1906–1927), and Joseph (born 1911). Around 1892, Clarke moved with his family to Chichester in West Sussex.

Career

Clarke had many occupations during his lifetime, including designer of cigarette cards and postcards, and as a fore-edge painter principally specializing in characters from the works of Charles Dickens. He worked for Punch for only one day and then as a freelance artist until 1900.

Clarke's illustrations from Dickens first appeared in 1887 in Fleet Street Magazine, with two published collections appearing shortly after as The Characters of Charles Dickens (1889) and Some Well Known Characters from the Works of Charles Dickens (1892). Early in the twentieth century five sets of postcards based on his Dickens drawings were published, as well as seven sets of non-Dickensian comic cards.

From 1927 Clarke earned his living from watercolor sketches, mainly of Dickens' characters, which he sold to and through the London book trade. Frederic G. Kitton referred to Clarke in his book Dickens and His Illustrators (1890), by which time Clarke's watercolors were already being bought by major Dickens collectors.^[1] The auction of the Dickens collection of F W Cosens FSA of Clapham Park, held at Christie's on 17 May 1890, sold a collection of 241 of Clarke's Dickens watercolors, and Tom Wilson, at the time the foremost collector of Dickens, owned 331 of Clarke's drawings.

Apart from his Dickens work, "Kyd" also illustrated humorous series such as "Some Typical Newspaper Readers" (c.1900), "The Book and Its Reader", and "London Types".^[3] He also illustrated a series of 50 smokers for Gallaher Ltd.; this series was issued as a set of cigarette cards entitled 'Votaries of the Weed' in 1916.

In 1910 the British Museum acquired a collection of 598 drawings and paintings of Clarke's Dickens illustrations, and the Victoria and Albert Museum, Charles Dickens Museum and the University of Texas at Austin each also have significant collections of Clarke's Dickens illustrations.^[4]

Death

Joseph Clayton Clarke died in the New End Hospital in Hammersmith in London in August 1937.

Honored as UK stamp art

Six of his illustrations were issued as stamps by the Royal Mail in 2012 to mark the 200th anniversary of the birth of Charles Dickens.^[5]

Gallery

See also

References

1. ^Kitton, Frederic G. Dickens and His Illustrators (1890) p. 233
2. ^Sawyer, Richard. "Kyd" (Joseph Clayton Clark): A Preliminary Study of his Life and Work Together with an Essay on Fore-Edge Paintings, 1980. p. 7
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lookandlearn.com/blog/10532/joseph-clayton-clark-artist/ |title=Joseph Clayton Clark: Artist - ''Look and Learn'' History Picture Library |publisher=Lookandlearn.com |date=2011-07-06 |accessdate=2013-03-27}}
4. ^{{cite journal |url=https://www.jstor.org/pss/3817700 |last=Wark |first=Robert R |title=The Curious Case of Joseph Clayton Clarke |journal=Huntington Library Quarterly |publisher=University of California Press |year=1996}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://shop.royalmail.com/charles-dickens/charles-dickens-mint-stamps-set/invt/sku00000810 |title=Charles Dickens Mint Stamps |publisher=Shop.royalmail.com |date=19 June 2012 |accessdate=27 March 2013}}