| 词条 | Kaumualii |
| 释义 |
| name = Kaumuali{{okina}}i | title = Ali{{okina}}i {{okina}}Aimoku of Kaua{{okina}}i and Ni{{okina}}ihau| | image = Funeral procession of Keopuolani from her posthumous memoir.jpg | caption = Kaumuali{{okina}}i and Ka{{okina}}ahumanu, number 8, in the funeral procession of Queen Keōpūolani, 1823. | father = Kā{{okina}}eokūlani, Regent of Maui and Moloka{{okina}}i | mother = Kamakahelei, Ali{{okina}}i Aimoku of Kaua{{okina}}i and Ni{{okina}}ihau | birth_date = c. 1778 | birth_place=Holoholokū Heiau, Wailua | issue = Humehume Keali{{okina}}iahonui Kinoiki Kekaulike | spouse = Kawalu Kaʻapuwai Kapuaʻamohu Naluahi Kekaiha{{okina}}akūlou Kaʻahumanu | death_date = {{Death date|1824|5|26}} (aged 46) | death_place = Honolulu | burial_date = May 30, 1824 | burial_place = Waine{{okina}}e Church, Maui }}{{Campaignbox Hawaii}} Kaumuali{{okina}}i (c. 1778–May 26, 1824) was the last independent ali{{okina}}i nui (supreme ruler of the island) of Kaua{{okina}}i and Ni{{okina}}ihau before becoming a vassal of Kamehameha I of the unified Kingdom of Hawai{{okina}}i in 1810. He was the 23rd high chief of Kaua{{okina}}i, reigning from 1794-1810. Although he was sometimes known as George Kaumuali{{okina}}i, he should not be confused with his son who is more commonly known by that name. In Hanamaulu, the King Kaumualii Elementary School is named after Kauai's last reigning chief. FamilyKaumuali{{okina}}i was the only son of Queen Kamakahelei, ali{{okina}}I nui of Kaua{{okina}}i and Ni{{okina}}ihau, and her husband, Ali{{okina}}i Kā{{okina}}eokūlani (c. 1754–1794), regent of Maui and Moloka{{okina}}i.[1] Kā{{okina}}eokūlani was the younger son of Kekaulike, the 23rd Ali{{okina}}i Aimoku and Mo{{okina}}i of Maui. He became the co-king and effectively ruler of Kaua{{okina}}i by his marriage. When Kamakahelei died in 1794, he passed their titles and positions to the 16-year-old Kaumuali{{okina}}i, who reigned under the regency of Chief Inamo{{okina}}o until he came of age. His first wife and queen was his half-sister Kawalu of Oahu. His second wife was his niece Kaʻapuwai Kapuaʻamohu of Kōloa, and finally the queen regent Ka{{okina}}ahumanu (1768–1832), Kamehameha's widow. UnificationKaua{{okina}}i and Ni{{okina}}ihau had eluded Kamehameha's control since he first tried to add them to his kingdom in 1796, a year after Kaumuali{{okina}}i became king. At that time, the governor of Island of Hawaii led a rebellion against Kamehameha, forcing him to return home. Kamehameha tried again in 1803, but disease ravaged his armies, and he called a retreat to heal his men and work on his strategy. Over the next years Kamehameha amassed the largest armada Hawai{{okina}}i had ever seen: foreign-built schooners and massive war canoes, armed with cannons and carrying his vast army. Kaumuali{{okina}}i decided to negotiate a peaceful resolution rather than resort to bloodshed. The move was supported by Kamehameha as well as the people of Kaua{{okina}}i and the foreign sandalwood merchants on the island, whose trade was hurt by the constant feuding. In 1810, Kaumuali{{okina}}i became Kamehameha's vassal, and all the islands were united for the first time.[1] Kaumuali{{okina}}i continued to serve as Kamehameha's governor of Kaua{{okina}}i. In 1815, a ship from the Russian-American Company was wrecked on the island. In 1816, an agreement was signed by Kaumuali{{okina}}i to allow the Russians to build Russian Fort Elizabeth. Construction was begun in 1817, but by fall of that year Russians were expelled. Perhaps Kamehameha feared they would support Kaumuali{{okina}}i in a bid for independence.[2] In 1817 he married Kekaiha{{okina}}akūlou who became known as Deborah Kapule.[1] Kamehameha I died in 1819, and the Hawaiians grew fearful that Kaumuali{{okina}}i would sever Kaua{{okina}}i's relationship with the united Hawai{{okina}}i. Kamehameha's widow Ka{{okina}}ahumanu was the effective political force in the kingdom. On September 16, 1821 the new young King Kamehameha II arrived and invited Kaumuali{{okina}}i aboard. That night they sailed away to Honolulu, where Kaumuali{{okina}}i was effectively under house arrest.[5]{{rp|138–146}} To make the domination clear, Ka{{okina}}ahumanu forced him to marry her, to ensure the island chain's union. They remained officially married until his death on May 26, 1824 but had no children. By his wishes, his body was taken to Maui, and buried next to Queen Keōpūolani[3]{{rp|223}} at the tomb of Hale Kamani. Kaumuali{{okina}}i was popular both among his people and foreigners who visited and worked on his islands. Captain George Vancouver, who had given the young king a flock of sheep as a gift in 1792, was thanked with a lavish banquet and described his host glowingly. Kaumuali{{okina}}i was described as handsome, likeable, and courteous, as well as a capable leader. He was sincerely mourned by the people of Kaua{{okina}}i.[3]{{rp|224}} SuccessorsAfter Kaumuali{{okina}}i's death in 1824, his son by a commoner, George "Prince" Kaumuali{{okina}}i Humehume (1797–1826), also known as George Tamoree, attempted to re-establish the independence on Kaua{{okina}}i, but was also eventually captured and taken to Honolulu. Humehume died of influenza in Honolulu. He had three issues, a son who died young,{{Citation needed|date=November 2018}} a daughter in 1821 that was given away to another chiefess on Kauai named Kamakahi,{{Citation needed|date=November 2018}} and a third child was a daughter named Harriet Kawahinekipi Kaumuali{{okina}}i. Humehume's half-brother Keali{{okina}}iahonui was also forced to marry Ka{{okina}}ahumanu. Ka{{okina}}ahumanu would later abandon Keali{{okina}}iahonui and embrace Christianity. Keali{{okina}}iahonui later married Princess Kekauōnohi, the Governess of Maui and Kaua{{okina}}i who was a widow of Kamehameha II. King Kaumuali{{okina}}i's granddaughter Kapi{{okina}}olani (1834–1899) of Hilo (eldest daughter of Kaumuali{{okina}}i's daughter Kekaulike Kinoiki) married king Kalākaua. In 1874, the couple was elected by the Hawaiian legislature as King and Queen of the Hawaiian Islands, as king Kalākaua and Queen Kapi{{okina}}olani. Her youngest sister Princess Victoria Kuhio Kinoike Kekaulike (1843–1884) of Hilo was later appointed Governor of the island of Kaua{{okina}}i, Princess and Royal Highness. Her other sister Princess Virginia Kapo{{okina}}oloku Po{{okina}}omaikelani (1839–1895) succeeded her sister as Governor of the island of Kaua{{okina}}i and was made Guardian of the Royal Tombs. Hawaii Route 50 on Kaua{{okina}}i is named "Kaumuali{{okina}}i Highway" in his honor. See also
References1. ^1 2 {{cite web |url= http://www.hawaiianencyclopedia.com/kauai-history.asp |title=Kauaʻi History |work=Hawaiian Encyclopedia |accessdate=2009-10-30 |author=Daniel Harrington |publisher=Mutual Publishing }} 2. ^{{citation|title=National Register of Historic Places/National Historic Landmark 1978 Update: Russian Fort|url={{NHLS url|id=66000299}} |format=pdf|date=August 1978 |author=Benjamin Levy |publisher=National Park Service |accessdate=2009-10-30 }} 3. ^1 2 {{cite book |author=Hiram Bingham I |title=A Residence of Twenty-one Years in the Sandwich Islands |publisher=H.D. Goodwin |origyear=1848 |year=1855 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T1VFAAAAYAAJ |edition=Third }} External links
11 : 1778 births|1824 deaths|House of Kekaulike|Native Hawaiian people|Niihau|Royalty of Kauai and Niihau|Royalty of the Kingdom of Hawaii|Prisoners and detainees of the Kingdom of Hawaii|18th-century monarchs|19th-century monarchs|Burials at Waiola Church |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。