| 词条 | José María of Manila |
| 释义 |
|name=Blessed José María de Manila O.F.M. Cap. |birth_date= 5 September 1880 |death_date= {{death date and age|1936|08|17|1880|09|05|mf=y}} |feast_day=06 November |venerated_in=Catholic Church |image= |imagesize=200px |birth_name=Eugenio del Saz-Orozco Mortera |birth_place=Manila, Captaincy General of the Philippines |death_place=Madrid, Spain |titles=Priest, Martyr |beatified_date=13 October 2013 |beatified_place= Tarragona, Spain |beatified_by= Angelo Cardinal Amato |canonized_date= |canonized_place= |canonized_by= |attributes= |patronage= |major_shrine= Filipino Saints Gallery, Manila Cathedral, Philippines |suppressed_date= |issues= }}{{Modern persecutions of the Catholic Church}} Blessed José María de Manila (born Eugenio del Saz-Orozco Mortera, 5 September 1880 – 17 August 1936) is a Spanish-Filipino Roman Catholic blessed, and was priest of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin. He was martyred in the early phase of the Spanish Civil War, and is the third Filipino to have been declared blessed by the Roman Catholic Church. BiographyJosé María was born in Manila, Philippines on 5 September 1880 to Spanish parents Don Eugenio del Saz-Orozco de la Oz, the last Spanish Mayor of Manila, and Doña Felisa Mortera y Camacho. He spent his initial years of education at Ateneo de Manila University, Colegio de San Juan de Letran, and University of Santo Tomas. He stayed in the Philippines until he was 16 years old, pursuing further studies in Spain. Despite objections from his parents, according to López, José María fulfilled his desire to become a Capuchin priest. Records also showed that he had his simple profession in Lecaroz in Navarra on 4 October 1905, while his solemn profession was held 18 October 1908. He was ordained a priest on 30 November 1910. Fr. José María "remained a Filipino at heart" throughout his years in Spain, desiring to return to the Philippines to serve the local Philippine Church despite the fall of the Spanish East Indies government in 1898 due to the Philippine Revolution and the Spanish–American War. Circumstances prevented him from returning, and so he resolved to zealously proclaim the Gospel in Spain, which was still suffering from poverty brought about by the First World War. There was a growing tide of anti-Catholicism and anticlericalism in Spain, as critics accused the Church of conspiring with the government to keep the people poor. The effects of the Wall Street Crash of 1929 pushed the working class to their limits, and military generals took advantage of the situation by staging an uprising in July 1936 that began the Spanish Civil War. Church property was seized or destroyed, and priests and religious were imprisoned. On 17 August 1936, Fr. José María was executed at the gardens of the Cuartel de la Montaña, a military building in Madrid. BeatificationOn 27 March 2013, Pope Francis approved the findings of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints that Fr. José María and 521 other companions were indeed killed because of their Roman Catholic Faith, clearing the way for their beatification. These twentieth-century martyrs of the religious persecution during the Spanish Civil War were beatified on 13 October 2013 in Tarragona, Spain. The Beatification Rite and Mass was presided by Angelo Cardinal Amato, SDB, prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints, who read the Apostolic Letter declaring the martyrs "Blessed" and setting their common feast day for every 6 November, together with other previously beatified martyrs of the Spanish Civil War. Martyr CompanionsThe Martyr Companions of Blessed José María de Manila who were also Franciscan Capuchins and were martyred during the Spanish Civil War include:
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11 : 1880 births|1936 deaths|Capuchins|Filipino Roman Catholic priests|People killed in the Spanish Civil War|People killed by the Second Spanish Republic|Filipino beatified people|People from Intramuros|Filipino people executed abroad|Filipino people of Spanish descent|University of Santo Tomas alumni |
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